scholarly journals Visual Field Changes in Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2266-2267
Author(s):  
Ossama Ali Khan ◽  
Sajjad Mohammad ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad Faiq Nisar ◽  
Amir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Normal Tension Glaucoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Paracentral Scotoma ◽  
The Right

Aim: To observe the visual field changes in normal tension glaucoma Study design: Cross sectional study Study site: Department of Physiology, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar Study period: six months Sample size: 100 cases were included who fulfil the criteria. Results: There were 33(33%) males and 67(67%) females in the study. Visual fields of eyes were investigated. It was revealed that in cases with the right eye problem, 67(67%) had paracentral scotoma, 27(27%) had superior & inferior nasal steps, 1(1%) had scotoma closer to fixation and 5(5%) had arcuate scotoma, while in the left eye cases, 67(67%) had paracentral scotoma, 30 (30%) had superior & inferior nasal steps, 1(1%) had scotoma closer to fixation and 2(2%) had arcuate scotoma. Conclusion: Visual fields of eyes revealed that in cases with the right eye problem, 67(67%) had paracentral scotoma, 27(27%) had superior & inferior nasal steps, 1(1%) had scotoma closer to fixation and 5(5%) had arcuate scotoma, while in the left eye cases, 67(67%) had paracentral scotoma, 30(30%) had superior & inferior nasal steps, 1 (1%) had scotoma closer to fixation and 2(2%) had arcuate scotoma. Keywords: Visual field, open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma

scholarly journals Ophthalmoscopic Changes of Normal Tension Glaucoma: A Study in Peshawar

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2264-2265
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faiq Nisar ◽  
Sajjad Mohammad ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Ossama Ali Khan ◽  
Amir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Normal Tension Glaucoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Direct Ophthalmoscopy

Aim: To determine the ophthalmoscopic findings of normal tension glaucoma. Study design: This is a cross sectional study Study site: Department of Physiology, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar. Study period: six months Sample size: One hundred cases were selected. Results: In this study, 33(33%) males and 67(67%) females. On direct ophthalmoscopy, in right eye glaucoma, there were 93(93%) cases with cupped discs, while 7(7%) had gross cupping of the discs. In left eye glaucoma, there were 98(98%) cases who had cupped discs, while 2(2%) had gross cupping of the discs. Conclusion: On direct ophthalmoscopy, there were 93(93%) cases who had cupped discs in right eye glaucoma. Keywords: Ophthalmoscope examination, open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma

scholarly journals The Effect of Patient Characteristics and Sleep Quality on Visual Field Performance Reliability

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarup S. Swaminathan ◽  
Matthew B. Greenberg ◽  
Elizabeth A. Vanner ◽  
Kara M. Cavuoto ◽  
Sarah R. Wellik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

Purpose. To investigate the association of automated visual field (VF) reliability indices (false positive [FP], false negative [FN], and fixation loss [FL]) and sleep quality, VF experience, and age. Methods. Prospective, cross-sectional study. Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) completing automated VF testing were invited to participate. Baseline participant characteristics were obtained, and all participants were asked to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Nonparametric Spearman correlations and logistical regression models were performed. Results. 63 patients were enrolled. Lower PSQI score was correlated with higher percentage (%) FL in the right eye (p=0.03). Fewer prior VF was significantly correlated with higher %FP in the right eye (p=0.008). Older age was significantly correlated with higher %FN in the left eye (p=0.01). Greater mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were strongly correlated with higher %FN in the right (p=0.02 and 0.002, resp.) and left eyes (p=0.01 and 0.02, resp.). Conclusion. In this prospective, cross-sectional study, worse MD and PSD are strongly correlated with increased FN in both eyes. Increased FN in the left eye associated with older age might be attributable to test fatigue. Worse sleep quality is associated with decreased FL in the right eye.

scholarly journals Delay for pentavalent vaccine: a hospital based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5337
Author(s):  
Smita Andurkar ◽  
Pallavi Hiralal Pagdal ◽  
Mohan Kondiba Doibole
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Card ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Pentavalent Vaccine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Right

Background: Young children are often at increased risk for illness and death related to infectious diseases, and vaccine delays may leave them vulnerable at ages with a high risk of contracting several vaccine-preventable diseases This study examined delay for each pentavalent vaccine in the universal immunization programme and the factors that influence untimely vaccinations.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study done on 45 days to-12 months aged children attending the immunisation clinic held at government medical college and hospital Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Data was collected from the records on health card as well from mother with the help of pretested pre-structured questionnaire for predictors of delay.Results: Total 411 children aging 45 days to 12 months were enrolled in the study. For pentavalent 1 vaccine, 83.69% received vaccine without delay and 16.31% were delayed. 43.53% were delayed for pentavalent 2 vaccine, 224 children received pentavalent 3 vaccine, out of them 80.35% received within time whereas 19.65% were delayed. We found birth order, parent’s education, working status of mother, mother’s age below 18; parity had statistically significant association with delay. Unawareness about the right timings of vaccination and immunization schedules held at periphery, parents delaying vaccine for minor sickness of baby, were the main reasons observed for delay.Conclusions: A total 83.69% children received vaccine within the recommended time. Still 16.31% children experience delay for the vaccination. Reasons for delay observed can be overcome by appropriate counselling of mother by health care workers at the first time of vaccination which will improve the adherence and avoid delay in future to immunisation schedule. 

scholarly journals Visual Field Loss Morphology in High- and Normal-Tension Glaucoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Iester ◽  
Fabio De Feo ◽  
Gordon R. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Normal Tension Glaucoma ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Tension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

Purpose. To determine whether the patterns of visual field damage between high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) are equivalent.Methods. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, fifty-one NTG and 57 HTG patients were recruited. For each recruited patient only the left eye was chosen. Glaucomatous patients had abnormal visual fields and/or glaucomatous changes at the optic nerve head. They were classified as HTG or NTG on the basis of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. Patients' visual fields were analyzed by using Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA), program 30-2, full threshold. The visual field sensitivity values and the pattern deviation map values of the 72 tested points were considered. Then a pointwise analysis and an area analysis, based on the Glaucoma Hemifield test criteria, were performed, and a comparison between the two subgroups was made by Student’sttest.Results. Between NTG and HTG, no significant difference was found pointwise for almost all the visual field points, except for two locations. One was under the blind spot, and the other was in the inferior hemifield around the twenty-degree position. When area analysis was considered, three areas showed a significantly different sensitivity between HTG and NTG.Conclusions. These data suggested that there was no relevant difference in the pointwise analysis between NTG and HTG; however, when visual field areas were compared, no difference in paracentral areas was found between NTG and HTG, but superior nasal step and inferior and superior scotomata showed to be deeper in HTG than in NTG.

scholarly journals Comparitive study between normal tension glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-567
Author(s):  
Sowmya Shree B V ◽  
Bharathi N ◽  
Shwetha Kumari C ◽  
Ranjitha C Sadananda ◽  
Madhura M Khanapur
Keyword(s):  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Normal Tension Glaucoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neuroretinal Rim ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Work Up

The study is conducted to determine the functional and structural differences between NTG and POAG, to assess the rate of conversion of NTG into POAG and its early intervention. It is a hospital based prospective, cross-sectional study of 56 NTG and 56 POAG patients. History was taken and comprehensive ophthalmic examination with glaucoma work up was done.Majority of the patients belonged to the age group between 51 and 60 years i.e. 48.2% in NTG and 62.5% in POAG. Majority of the NTG patients i.e. 33 (58.9%) were females while 41(73.2%) were males in POAG. 40% of NTG patients had systemic association like bronchial asthma, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and migraine. There was no significant difference in CDR between two groups. Inferior & temporal neuroretinal rim thinning was more common in NTG. While bipolar thinning & superior rim thinning was more common in POAG. There is significantly more thinning of RNFL in POAG than NTG. The mean deviation (MD) & pattern standard deviation (PSD) in visual fields between NTG & POAG showed no significant difference. Whereas the field loss was near centre of fixation in NTG group compared to POAG which was diffuse. These differences between NTG and POAG suggest that the pathogenesis of NTG includes IOP and IOP independent risk factors, while IOP is the main risk factor in POAG. The parameters assessed determine the risk and progression of NTG to POAG.

Suicidal Death Autopsy Analysis at Dhaka Medical College

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
Z Rahman ◽  
S Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Autopsy Report ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Suicidal Death

A cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Forensic Medicine in Dhaka Medical College during the period of January 2008 to December 2009. Data were collected from 3rd copy of the post mortem reports which were preserved in the department of Forensic Medicine with the verbal consent of the doctors who performed autopsy report. During this period total 5114 autopsies were conducted. Out of this 970 cases (19%) were suicidal in nature. It was noticed that all suicidal deaths occurred from 10 years to all age group respectively, but top amongst age group of suicidal deaths occurred in between 21 to 30 years of people. Suicidal deaths are more common in female than male. Suicidal deaths due to hanging is highest, next common causes of death due to organophosphorus compund poisoning. Suicidal deaths by hanging is more in female than male but in poisoning cases male are more lvictimised than female. Objectives of our study are to see the occurrence and methods of suicidal death. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9957 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 18-21

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

Distribution and Characteristics of Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy in TB/HIV Co-Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420
Author(s):  
Payam Mehrian ◽  
Abtin Doroudinia ◽  
Moghadaseh Shams ◽  
Niloufar Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Nodes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hilar Adenopathy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulmonary Abnormalities

Background: Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy (ITLN) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients may have various etiologies and prognoses. Etiologies of ITLN can be distinguished based on the distribution of enlarged lymph nodes. Sometimes tuberculosis (TB) is the first sign of underlying HIV infection. Objective: We sought to determine ITLN distribution and associated pulmonary findings in TB/HIV co-infection using Computed Tomography (CT) scan. Methods: In this retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study, chest CT scans of 52 patients with TB/HIV co-infection were assessed for enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes (>10 mm in short axis diameter), lymphadenopathy (LAP) distribution, calcification, conglomeration, the presence of hypodense center and associated pulmonary abnormalities. LAP distribution was compared in TB/HIV co-infection with isolated TB infection. Results: Mediastinal and/or hilar LAP were seen in 53.8% of TB/HIV co-infection patients. In all cases, LAP was multinational. The most frequent stations were right lower paratracheal and subcarinal stations. Lymph node conglomeration, hypodense center and calcification were noted in 25%, 21.4% and 3.5% of patients, respectively. LAP distribution was the same as that in patients with isolated TB infection except for the right hilar, right upper paratracheal and prevascular stations. All patients with mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy had associated pulmonary abnormalities. Conclusion: All patients with TB/HIV co-infection and mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy had associated pulmonary abnormalities. Superior mediastinal lymph nodes were less commonly affected in TB/HIV co-infection than isolated TB.

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