scholarly journals Gas Chromatographic analysis of potentially bioactive compounds in leaf and root extracts of Muntingia calabura and their expected antibacterial activities

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasthree Taduri ◽  
Suvarchala Vankudoth ◽  
Pavani Chirumamilla ◽  
Spoorthi Veera

The study aimed to identify bioactive compounds in <i>Muntingia calabura</i> leaf and root methanolic extracts. The Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique were used to identify bioactive compounds. GC-MS analysis revealed 38 compounds in the leaf and 15 compounds in the root methanolic extracts of <i>M. calabura</i>. The prime potent compound found in leaf extract is 2-{3-[(E)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}phenol with 5.78% peak area and cholest-4-en-6-on-3-ol is found in root extracts, has the highest 63.7% peak area and another potent compound Lupeol has 7.3% peak area. The bioactive compounds identified in <i>M. calabura</i> have antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains such as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which showed the efficacy of <i>in vivo</i> plant extracts. These findings validate the therapeutic potentiality of <i>M. calabura</i> leaf and root samples. Furthermore, these screened potential bioactive compounds can be used effectively for biomedical and therapeutic applications.

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Teo ◽  
Sanjib Bhakta ◽  
Paul Stapleton ◽  
Simon Gibbons

The present study aimed to screen plants for bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial activities. In our efforts to evaluate plants from Borneo, we isolated and elucidated the structures of four natural products from the bioactive fraction of a chloroform extract of Goniothalamus longistipetes using various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The bioactive compounds were identified as a known styryllactone, (+)-altholactone ((2S,3R,3aS,7aS)-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-2,3,3a,7a-tetrahydrobenzo-5(4H)-5-one) (1), a new styryllactone, (2S,3R,3aS,7aS)-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-2,3,3a,7a-tetrahydrobenzo-5(4H)-5-one) (2) as well as a new alkaloid, 2,6-dimethoxyisonicotinaldehyde (3) and a new alkenyl-5-hydroxyl-phenyl benzoic acid (4). 1 and 4 showed broad-spectrum anti-bacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as acid-fast model selected for this study. Compound 2 only demonstrated activities against Gram-positive bacteria whilst 3 displayed selective inhibitory activities against Gram-positive bacterial strains. Additionally, their mechanisms of anti-bacterial action were also investigated. Using Mycobacterium smegmatis as a fast-growing model of tubercle bacilli, compounds 1, 2 and 4 demonstrated inhibitory activities against whole-cell drug efflux and biofilm formation; two key intrinsic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Interestingly, the amphiphilic compound 4 exhibited inhibitory activity against the conjugation of plasmid pKM101 in Escherichia coli using a plate conjugation assay. Plasmid conjugation is a mechanism by which Gram-positive and Gram-negative-bacteria acquire drug resistance and virulence. These results indicated that bioactive compounds isolated from Goniothalamus longistipetes can be potential candidates as ‘hits’ for further optimisation.


2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2261-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Soo Park ◽  
Hyun-Joo Kim ◽  
Min-Jung Seol ◽  
Dong-Rack Choi ◽  
Eung-Chil Choi ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT DW-224a showed the most potent in vitro activity among the quinolone compounds tested against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria. Against gram-negative bacteria, DW-224a was slightly less active than the other fluoroquinolones. The in vivo activities of DW-224a against gram-positive bacteria were more potent than those of other quinolones.


1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Goodson ◽  
Anton Ehrhardt ◽  
Simon Ng ◽  
John Nuss ◽  
Kirk Johnson ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Peptoids differ from peptides in that peptoids are composed of N-substituted rather than alpha-carbon-substituted glycine units. In this paper we report the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of several antibacterial peptoids discovered by screening combinatorial chemistry libraries for bacterial growth inhibition. In vitro, the peptoid CHIR29498 and some of its analogues were active in the range of 3 to 12 μg/ml against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria which included isolates which were resistant to known antibiotics. Peptoid antimicrobial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus was rapid, bactericidal, and independent of protein synthesis. β-Galactosidase and propidium iodide leakage assays indicated that the membrane is the most likely target of activity. Positional isomers of an active peptoid were also active, consistent with a mode of action, such as membrane disruption, that does not require a specific fit between the molecule and its target. In vivo, CHIR29498 protected S. aureus-infected mice in a simple infection model.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
T.V.M. Sreekanth ◽  
In Yong Eom

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be prepared in a number of chemical techniques, which are not environmentally friendly. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by plant extracts is currently under exploitation. In this work, we describe an eco-friendly technique for green synthesis of AuNPs from AuCl4 solution using the Houttuynia cordata leaf extract as reducing agent. The AuNPs were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, FTIR and AFM. The UV-Visible spectra indicate a strong plasma resonance that is located at 535 nm. The antibacterial activity of AuNPs was performed on various gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The AuNPs showed more inhibitory activity on gram negative than gram positive bacteria.


2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 3071-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Jeong Yun ◽  
Yu-Hong Min ◽  
Jung-A Lim ◽  
Jin-Wook Kang ◽  
So-Young Kim ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The in vitro and in vivo activities of DW286, a novel fluoronaphthyridone with potent antibacterial activity, were compared with those of ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin. Against gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis, the in vitro activity of DW286 was stronger than that of any other reference antibiotic. Against gram-negative bacteria, the activity of DW286 was similar to those of trovafloxacin and gemifloxacin but was weaker than that of ciprofloxacin. In a mouse systemic infection caused by three S. aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and quinolone-resistant S. aureus (QRSA), DW286 demonstrated the most potent activity, as found in vitro. Specially, DW286 is ≥8-fold more active against QRSA than the other fluoroquinolones. And the 50% protective doses for DW286 were correspondent with the in vitro activities.


1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2943-2949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Matsumoto ◽  
Hisashi Tamaoka ◽  
Hiroshi Ishikawa ◽  
Mikio Kikuchi

ABSTRACT OPC-20011, a new parenteral 2-oxaisocephem antibiotic, has an oxygen atom at the 2- position of the cephalosporin frame. OPC-20011 had the best antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited were 6.25, 6.25, and 0.05 μg/ml, respectively. Its activity is due to a high affinity of the penicillin-binding protein 2′ in MRSA, an affinity which was approximately 1,050 times as high as that for flomoxef. Against gram-negative bacteria, OPC-20011 also showed antibacterial activities similar to those of ceftazidime. The in vivo activities of OPC-20011 were comparable to or greater than those of reference compounds in murine models of systemic infection caused by gram-positive and -negative pathogens. OPC-20011 was up to 10 times as effective as vancomycin against MRSA infections in mice. This better in vivo efficacy is probably due to the bactericidal activity of OPC-20011, while vancomycin showed bacteriostatic activity against MRSA. OPC-20011 produced a significant decrease of viable counts in lung tissue at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg of body weight, an efficacy similar to that of ampicillin at a dose of 10 to 20 mg/kg on an experimental murine model of respiratory tract infection caused by non-ampicillin-susceptibleS. pneumoniae T-0005. The better therapeutic efficacy of OPC-20011 was considered to be due to its potent antibacterial activity and low affinity for serum proteins of experimental animals (29% in mice and 6.4% in rats).


Although the genus Cotoneaster Medik. includes mainly ornamental species, there are some data regarding its biological activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of phenolic compounds, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of leaf and bark of C. integerrimus Medik., C. tomentosus (Aiton) Lindl. and C. horizontalis Decne. The C. tomentosus leaf extract exhibited the highest content of total phenols (135.86 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (18.17 mgQE/g), and also the most potent antioxidant activity against nonbiogenic free radicals, while the highest inhibition of acetylcholinesterase had the leaf extract of C. horizontalis (IC50 0.34 mg/mL). All extracts showed a significant level of antibacterial and antifungal activity against tested microbial strains. The largest inhibition zones were observed against Candida albicans treated with C. integerrimus leaf extract (30.50±0.50 mm). Furthermore, C. integerrimus extract was the most effective in the majority of bacterial strains tested. The results indicated that methanolic extracts of the investigated Cotoneaster species have promising bioactive and therapeutic potentials


2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domen Jaklič ◽  
Aleš Lapanje ◽  
Klemen Zupančič ◽  
Dragica Smrke ◽  
Nina Gunde-Cimerman

Maggot therapy, also known as biosurgery, is an ancient method for the healing of chronic infected wounds. Although clinicians have reported on the beneficial activities of the Lucilia sericata larvae that have been used for healing chronic wounds, the selectivity of this therapy against the different pathogenic micro-organisms that are found in chronic wounds has never been analysed. In the present study, we have investigated the in vitro activities of larval excreta/secreta both against selected bacterial strains that frequently occur in chronically infected wounds, and against bacteria isolated directly from the larvae and their excreta/secreta. Additionally, the antibacterial activities were investigated in in vivo studies, by comparing bacterial diversity in wounds before and after the application of L. sericata larvae. In conclusion, larval therapy is highly recommended, particularly for the treatment of wounds infected with Gram-positive bacteria, like Staphylococcus aureus, but less so for wounds infected with Gram-negative bacteria, especially Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. strains. Bacteria from the genus Vagococcus were resistant to the maggot excreta/secreta.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int

New copper complexes, [Cu(phen)2(Thy)]2Cl and [Cu(phen)2(Ad)]2Cl (phen = 1,10-phenantroline, Ad (Adenine, a purine nucleobase) and Thy (Thymine, a pyrimidine nucleobase)), were synthesized and characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), conductivity measurement, UV-visible and infrared (IR) techniques. The complexes were tested for their antimicrobial activity against two gram positive and two gram negative bacterial strains. The results of in vitro antimicrobial activities were compared with the commercially available antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol). This comparative study has demonstrated that [Cu(phen)2(Thy)]2Cl inhibited the growth of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureous (MRSA), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia) better than chloramphenicol by 11.25%, 19.41% and 25.35%, respectively. It also showed better activities than ciprofloxacine on MRSA and K. pneumoniae by 2.50% and 12.13%, respectively. Similarly, [Cu(phen)2(Ad)]2Cl demonstrated better inhibitions than chloramphenicol against MRSA, E. coli and K. pneumoniae by 11.24%, 2.48% and 9.06%, respectively. Therefore, after in vivo cytotoxicity investigations, these complexes could be considered as potential antimicrobial agents.


2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.O. Podunavac-Kuzmanovic ◽  
V.M. Leovac ◽  
D.D. Cvetkovic

The antibacterial activities of cobalt(II) complexes with two series of benzimidazoles were evaluated in vitro against three Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Sarcina lutea) and one Gram-negative isolate (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for all the complexes. The majority of the investtigated complexes displayed in vitro inhibitory activity against very persistent bacteria. They were found to be more active against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria. It may be concluded that the antibacterial activity of the compounds is related to the cell wall structure of the tested bacteria. Comparing the inhibitory activities of the tested complexes, it was found that the 1-substituted- -2-aminobenzimidazole derivatives were more active than complexes of 1-substituted- 2-amino-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazoles. The effect of chemical structure on the antibacterial activity is discussed.


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