scholarly journals CURRENT STATUS OF TRANSGENIC COTTON-UTILITY OF GENOTYPE INDEPENDENT IN PLANTA APPROACHES FOR THE GENERATION OF TRANSGENICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesiraju Karthik
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Current Status ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Gossypium Spp

Cotton (Gossypium spp.), is a mercantile crop plant is grown for its fluffy fiber and cotton seed oil in around 70 countries worldwide. Cotton is an economically important crop, shows erratic productivity under rain feed conditions; it is bogged down with many biotic and abiotic stresses. Due to lack of resistant germplasm, crop improvement through conventional breeding practices has been lagging. Genetic engineering offers numerous protocols to engineer plants to overcome stress. Biotechnological intervention for cotton improvement has begun three decades ago. The recalcitrance of cotton to tissue culture has been the major constraint for in vitro regeneration. Alternate methods that evade tissue culture regeneration steps have thus been envisaged. Till date there are very few standardized protocols that can be employed to develop transgenics in a genotype independent manner. Thus, genotype independent in planta transformation strategies have gained momentum in the present days, but reproducibility of reported protocols remains an amigna in many cases. In planta transformations holds prominence due to viability and ease in generation of transgenic cotton plants with in less time. This review focuses on grouping efforts made by different research groups in this senior. Several reports and standardizations have been focused that reports development of transgenic cotton.

In vitro tissue culture in breeding programs of leguminous pulses: use and current status

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Gatti ◽  
Fernanda Guindón ◽  
Carolina Bermejo ◽  
Andrea Espósito ◽  
Enrique Cointry
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
In Vitro Tissue Culture

Prevention and Detection of Fungicide Resistance Development in Rhizoctonia zeae from Soybean and Corn in Nebraska

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Gambhir ◽  
Srikanth Kodati ◽  
Matthew Huff ◽  
Flávio Silva ◽  
Olutoyosi Ajayi-Oyetunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Rhizoctonia Zeae

The goal of this research was to advance the foundational knowledge required to quantify and mitigate fungicide resistance in Rhizoctonia zeae, the seedling disease pathogen of soybean and corn. In vitro sensitivity to azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, sedaxane, and/or prothioconazole was determined for 91 R. zeae isolates obtained mostly from soybean and corn fields in Nebraska. Isolates were sensitive to fludioxonil, sedaxane, and prothioconazole (EC50 < 3 µg/ml) and had a positively skewed EC50 distribution. Isolates were not sensitive to azoxystrobin in vitro (EC50 > 100 µg/ml) or in planta. Application of azoxystrobin did not significantly decrease disease severity or improve total dry weight of the soybean plants (P > 0.05). The risk of resistance development in R. zeae was estimated by characterizing its population structure. Eighty-one R. zeae isolates were genotyped using six microsatellite markers. Results showed that the population has a mixed mode of reproduction and is structured according to geographic region, suggesting limited dispersal. These population characteristics suggest that R. zeae has an intermediate risk of resistance development. Overall, this research established the current status of fungicide sensitivity in R. zeae in Nebraska and estimated its risk of resistance development, which can inform fungicide resistance management for R. zeae.

scholarly journals Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés M. Bellido ◽  
Eduado D. Souza Canadá ◽  
Hugo R. Permingeat ◽  
Viviana Echenique
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Apomictic Species ◽  
Transformation Methods

The available methods for plant transformation and expansion beyond its limits remain especially critical for crop improvement. For grass species, this is even more critical, mainly due to drawbacks in in vitro regeneration. Despite the existence of many protocols in grasses to achieve genetic transformation through Agrobacterium or biolistic gene delivery, their efficiencies are genotype-dependent and still very low due to the recalcitrance of these species to in vitro regeneration. Many plant transformation facilities for cereals and other important crops may be found around the world in universities and enterprises, but this is not the case for apomictic species, many of which are C4 grasses. Moreover, apomixis (asexual reproduction by seeds) represents an additional constraint for breeding. However, the transformation of an apomictic clone is an attractive strategy, as the transgene is immediately fixed in a highly adapted genetic background, capable of large-scale clonal propagation. With the exception of some species like Brachiaria brizantha which is planted in approximately 100 M ha in Brazil, apomixis is almost non-present in economically important crops. However, as it is sometimes present in their wild relatives, the main goal is to transfer this trait to crops to fix heterosis. Until now this has been a difficult task, mainly because many aspects of apomixis are unknown. Over the last few years, many candidate genes have been identified and attempts have been made to characterize them functionally in Arabidopsis and rice. However, functional analysis in true apomictic species lags far behind, mainly due to the complexity of its genomes, of the trait itself, and the lack of efficient genetic transformation protocols. In this study, we review the current status of the in vitro culture and genetic transformation methods focusing on apomictic grasses, and the prospects for the application of new tools assayed in other related species, with two aims: to pave the way for discovering the molecular pathways involved in apomixis and to develop new capacities for breeding purposes because many of these grasses are important forage or biofuel resources.

In planta 2,3,5 triiodobenzoic acid treatment promotes high frequency and routine in vitro regeneration of sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris L.) plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Roussy ◽  
Fr&#x000E9;d&#x000E9;ric Dubois ◽  
Rajbir S. Sangwan ◽  
Brigitte S. Sangwan-Norreel
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid

scholarly journals In Planta Genetic Transformation of Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) with Marker Gene

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahmood Hasan ◽  
Sujay Kumar Bhajan ◽  
M. Imdadul Hoque ◽  
R.H. Sarker ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Gus Expression ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Gus Gene Expression ◽  
Screenable Marker

In genetic improvement of mungbean much success has not been achieved due to its recalcitrant nature towards in vitro regeneration. An attempt was made to develop an Agrobacterium-mediated in planta genetic transformation protocol for a locally grown mungbean variety BARI Mung-3 using a screenable marker gene. Two minutes of vacuum infiltration followed by 60 minutes of incubation period in Agrobacterium suspension of Winans’ AB medium containing wounded tobacco leaf extract was found most suitable towards genetic transformation in pricked de-coated half seed explants. An optical density (OD600) of 0.7 was found most effective for transient gus gene expression. Chimeric GUS expression was observed in the root and leaf tissues from the successfully transformed plantlets obtained through in planta transformation. This methodology of genetic transformation was found more suitable, easier and less time consuming than tissue culture based genetic transformation, which may be used for the genetic improvement of mungbean.

scholarly journals Plant tissue culture environment as a switch-key of (epi)genetic changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Tomasz Bednarek ◽  
Renata Orłowska
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Culture Stage ◽  
Commercial Applications

Abstract The in vitro tissue cultures are, beyond all difficulties, an essential tool in basic research as well as in commercial applications. Numerous works devoted to plant tissue cultures proved how important this part of the plant science is. Despite half a century of research on the issue of obtaining plants in in vitro cultures, many aspects remain unknown. The path associated with the reprogramming of explants in the fully functioning regenerants includes a series of processes that may result in the appearance of morphological, physiological, biochemical or, finally, genetic and epigenetic changes. All these changes occurring at the tissue culture stage and appearing in regenerants as tissue culture-induced variation and then inherited by generative progeny as somaclonal variation may be the result of oxidative stress, which works at the step of explant preparation, and in tissue culture as a result of nutrient components and environmental factors. In this review, we describe the current status of understanding the genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during tissue culture.

scholarly journals In vitro Propagation and Ex vitro Rooting of Blueberry Plantlets

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Guang-jie ◽  
Wang Zhan-bin ◽  
Wang Dan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro

Effects of different concentrations of 2-ip and IBA in WPM basal medium for Blomidon blueberry in vitro propagation and four different rooting agents at the early stage after transplantation showed that 15 mg/l of 2-ip is the best concentration to induce shoots. For optimum in vitro root formation 10 µM IBA was found to be best and four rooting agents for seedling transplantation according to their effects were No.2>, No.4>, No.3 >, water > and No. 1. Key words: Blomidon, Tissue culture, In vitro regeneration, Rooting agent D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i2.3650 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(1): 187-195, 2008 (December)

scholarly journals PRICK AND SOAK Agroacterium tumefaciens-MEDIATED IN PLANTA TRANSFORMATION IN TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
I Putu Wahyu Sanjaya ◽  
Rindang Dwiyani ◽  
I Gede Putu Wirawan ◽  
Bambang Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Nptii Gene ◽  
In Planta Transformation ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Inoculation Time

One of the modern plant breedings through genetic engineering is Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation can be performed in vitro or in planta. In planta transformation arises from the weaknesses of the in vitro method such as need high hygiene standard, professional tissue culture experts, and more time to prepare explants and somaclonal variation. In planta transformation is a method to transfer the gene to the plant genome without any tissue culture stages. The aims of this research were to know the possibility of the prick and soak in planta method with the target of tomato seeds and to know the most suitable inoculation time for tomato seeds transformation by prick and soak method the transformation is done by pricking the seeds and soaking them in the A. tumefaciens suspension. The treatments in this study were 1 and 2 days inoculation time to test the efficacy of prick and soak in planta transformation method. Tomato seeds were pricked with a needle on the center once, and then soaked in A. tumefaciens strain LB4404 suspension carrying pKYS-SoSPS1 plasmid with Neomycin Phosphotransferase (NPTII) and Saccharum officinarum Sucrose Phosphate synthase (SoSPS1) genes. Visualization of tomato’s DNA samples after PCR showed that 1-day inoculation sample was positively integrated with NPTII gene and negative in the 2 days inoculation treatment.

Towards crop improvement in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): Transgenics (uid A::hpt II) by a tissue-culture-independent Agrobacterium-mediated in planta approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Manoj Kumar ◽  
Kalpana N. Reddy ◽  
Rohini Sreevathsa ◽  
Girija Ganeshan ◽  
M. Udayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Culture Independent
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