scholarly journals Problems in the Management of Rural Natural Resources and Optimization Countermeasures

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Qifeng Gao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
New Era ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
New Countryside ◽  
Rural Construction

With the continuous development of China's economic level, more and more attention has been paid to rural construction and development. In the new era, do a good job in the management of rural natural resources, realize the optimal allocation of resources, and the reasonable protection of ecological resources, so as to build a new countryside and realize the modern development of the new countryside. However, at present, there are still many problems and contradictions in the management of natural resources in rural China, such as low land transfer efficiency, many difficulties, unreasonable planning, deserted residential bases, and ineffective protection of the ecological and natural environment, which further restrict the situation. Reasonable application and sustainable development of rural natural resources. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply analyze a series of problems in the management of rural natural resources, formulate optimized countermeasures according to the specific conditions of the problems, and gradually solve the problems and contradictions to strengthen the construction of new countryside.

scholarly journals More for less: predicting and maximizing genomic variant discovery via Bayesian nonparametrics

Biometrika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Masoero ◽  
Federico Camerlenghi ◽  
Stefano Favaro ◽  
Tamara Broderick
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Bayesian Nonparametrics ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Variant Discovery ◽  
Fixed Budget ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Genomic Variant

Abstract While the cost of sequencing genomes has decreased dramatically in recent years, this expense often remains non-trivial. Under a fixed budget, scientists face a natural trade-off between quantity and quality: spending resources to sequence a greater number of genomes or spending resources to sequence genomes with increased accuracy. Our goal is to find the optimal allocation of resources between quantity and quality. Optimizing resource allocation promises to reveal as many new variations in the genome as possible. In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian nonparametric methodology to predict the number of new variants in a follow-up study based on a pilot study. When experimental conditions are kept constant between the pilot and follow-up, we find that our prediction is competitive with the best existing methods. Unlike current methods, though, our new method allows practitioners to change experimental conditions between the pilot and the follow-up. We demonstrate how this distinction allows our method to be used for more realistic predictions and for optimal allocation of a fixed budget between quality and quantity.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Geographical Mechanism of Natural Resources in China under the Orientation of the New Economic Demands

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7956
Author(s):  
Xiangmin Zhang ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Hailong Yu ◽  
Zhuofan Li ◽  
Shen Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
New Economy ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Demand Structure ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Location Map ◽  
Resource Elements

The demand structure of resources for new economy is different from the traditional one in that its development may significantly change China’s economic location map and spatial pattern. Based on 343 administrative units of prefecture-level cities in China, this research constructs the measurement index system of terrestrial surface natural resources under the orientation of the new economic demands; this research mainly analyses the spatial distribution characteristics and geographical mechanism of natural resources by means of the spatial autocorrelation and spatial similarity calculation methods. The results show that: (1) The structure and endowment of natural resources under the orientation of the new economic demands need to be reexamined. The significance of a good environment and ecological resources has been highlighted. The coupling of resource elements better reveals the availability of natural resources. (2) The natural resources decrease from southeast to northwest, showing a pattern of “abundant in the south and east and scarce in the north and west”. Natural resources have a significant positive correlation in spatial distribution with two types of agglomeration: high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration, showing the local agglomeration feature of “high in the south and low in the north”. (3) Natural factors such as temperature, precipitation and altitude affect the spatial distribution of natural resources, with the temperature being the most significant. This indicates that the original natural environment and its role are the geographical mechanism for the formation and distribution of natural resources. The results could provide a reference for the development and the optimization of China’s new economy.

Morphometric Registration of Cytotoxic Changes of Epithelial Cells In Vitro: A Methodological Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-176
Author(s):  
Lis Andersen ◽  
Dorthe Arenholt-Bindslev
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Cell Culture System ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
Epithelial Cell Culture ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
And Control

Quantification of toxicity-induced cytomorphological effects in an epithelial cell culture system is described. Estimates of volume density and star volume of mitochondria and lysosomes are given. Mean volumes (n = 5) and coefficients of variation of these parameters were equal in experimental (TPA-treatment) and control cultures. An optimal allocation of resources for estimating cytomorphometric parameters would be to increase the number of culture flasks.

scholarly journals REMUNERATIONS AND LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE AGAINST A BACKGROUND OF OTHER ECONOMY SECTORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Góral ◽  
Włodzimierz Rembisz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Growth Model

The optimal allocation of resources in various sectors results in the sustainable development of the whole economy (the theory of optimum allocation of resources by Kantonowicz and Koopmans). According to Tinbergen’s studies, the excessive labour force in one of them gives rise to all types of social and economic problems. The objective of theoretical considerations and empirical studies of this publication is to analyse the ratio of the remuneration for labour to its productivity in various economy sectors with particular attention paid to the agricultural sector. The authors also refer to the theory by Lewis and Schultz, who had analysed the problems of agriculture in developing countries, as well as to the Solow economic growth model with the Cobb–Douglas production function. In the light of the empirical data presented in the paper, we can conclude that in section A of Statistical Classification of Economic Activities this ratio is seriously disturbed and distorted. The remuneration is overvalued in relation to the labour productivity. Such a ratio is not a positive testimony to the reasonableness of management in the sense of agricultural producers’ equilibria.

Optimal allocation of resources to nodes of parallel and series systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 894-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Shaked ◽  
J. George Shanthikumar
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Series Systems ◽  
Total Resource

In this paper we consider parallel and series systems, the components of which can be ‘improved'. The ‘improvement' consists of supplying the components with cold or hot standby spares or by allotting to them fixed budgets for minimal repairs. A fixed total resource of spares or minimal repairs is available. We find the optimal allocation of the resource items in several commonly encountered settings.

scholarly journals Conducting Non-Adaptive Experiments in a Live Setting: A Bayesian Approach to Determining Optimal Sample Size

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandan Sudarsanam ◽  
Ramya Chandran ◽  
Daniel D. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Optimal Sample Size ◽  
Optimal Sample ◽  
Theoretical Results

Abstract This research studies the use of predetermined experimental plans in a live setting with a finite implementation horizon. In this context, we seek to determine the optimal experimental budget in different environments using a Bayesian framework. We derive theoretical results on the optimal allocation of resources to treatments with the objective of minimizing cumulative regret, a metric commonly used in online statistical learning. Our base case studies a setting with two treatments assuming Gaussian priors for the treatment means and noise distributions. We extend our study through analytical and semi-analytical techniques which explore worst-case bounds and the generalization to k treatments. We determine theoretical limits for the experimental budget across all possible scenarios. The optimal level of experimentation that is recommended by this study varies extensively and depends on the experimental environment as well as the number of available units. This highlights the importance of such an approach which incorporates these factors to determine the budget.

Value Chain Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Greg Fisher ◽  
John E. Wisneski ◽  
Rene M. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Core Idea

Value chain analysis (VCA) aids the strategist in understanding a firm’s potential sources of competitive advantage by decomposing the firm’s business processes into strategically important activities. Viewing the firm as an aggregate of interlinked value-adding activities and placing them in the context of a broader value chain helps to understand each activity’s impact on both cost and revenue potential. As such, VCA can be used to help the firm achieve an optimal allocation of resources. This chapter discusses the underlying theory, core idea, depiction, process, insight or value created, and risks and limitations of VCA. The chapter also continues the illustration of Netflix and applies the steps of value chain analysis to this case.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Migration and its Effect on Land Transfer in Rural China

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingde Xu ◽  
Zhuolin Yong ◽  
Xin Deng ◽  
Linmei Zhuang ◽  
Chen Qing
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Impact

Labor force rural-urban migration will lead to changes to the land use patterns of farmers. Using the survey data on dynamic migration of the Chinese labor force in 2014, iv-probit and iv-tobit models were used to analyze the impact of labor migration on the land transfer of farmers. The results show that: (1) Off-farm employment would significantly impact land transfer of farmers and the results are robust. With every 10% increase in the proportion of off-farm employment of farmers, the average probability of rent-in land of farmers decreases by 1.55%, and the average transfer in land area of farmers decreased by 1.04%. Similarly, with every 10% increase in the proportion of off-farm employment of farmers, the average probability of rent-out land of farmers increases by 4.77%, and the average transfer out land area of farmers increases by 3.98%. (2) Part-time employment also has a significant impact on land transfer of farmers, but the impact of part-time employment on land transfer in is not robust. Specifically, with every 10% increase in part-farm employment, the average probability of rent-out land of farmers increases by 7.64%, and the average transfer out land area of farmers increases by 6.85%.

scholarly journals Does the New Rural Pension System Promote Farmland Transfer in the Context of Aging in Rural China: Evidence from the CHARLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Yahui Wang ◽  
Qingyuan Yang ◽  
Liangjie Xin ◽  
Jingyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Land Rental ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The lack or instability of the pension system for the elderly in rural China has become a paramount obstacle for sustainable land transfer, namely land use right transfer among farmers, in the context of aging. The New Rural Pension System (NRPS), a pilot project that provided basic security for the elderly, was implemented in 10% of counties in 2009 and rapidly promoted nationwide in China. This study evaluates the impact of NRPS on farmland transfer by developing econometric models by employing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2015. The participation rate in NRPS increased from 25.87% in 2011 to 80.85% in 2015, and the participation rate in farmland transfer rose from 11.56% to 24.04%. Everything else being held equal, the probability of farmers who transferred out their land increased by approximately 13% and the land area has been transferred increased by 11.2% due to participation in NRPS, indicating that the NRPS improved the operation efficiency of land rental market. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis showed that the probability and area mentioned above had a significant upward trend with the increase of the time and insured amount of participation in NRPS, which reduced dependence on farmland for the elderly and promoted the sustainability of land transfer. The government should further encourage farmers to increase the coverage and insured amount of pension system in the context of aging. Meanwhile, a platform to promote land transfer should be established to provide information about land supply and demand and reduce the transaction cost of land rental market.

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