scholarly journals The Romanian-Finnish Cultural Relations: History, Trends, Bibliography

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-127
Author(s):  
Alexandru Popescu
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selective Bibliography ◽  
The 19Th Century

The scientific interest for the study of the Romanian-Finnish relations considerably increased during the last years. Within this trend, this article focuses on the Romanian-Finnish cultural relations and briefly presents the most important events and moments in the history of these relations, from the 19th century to the present. It also includes a selective bibliography on the Romanian-Finnish cultural relations, with works published both in Finland and Romania. The article stresses the need for further research in the field of Romanian-Finnish cultural relations, noticing that when the quality of the political relations was negatively affected by different historical circumstances, the cultural contacts have been maintained and even developed.

The political and legal views of Mikhail Speranskiy in the Rules on the Siberian Kirghiz

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 290-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Yu. Pochekaev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century

Mikhail Speranskiy, an outstanding Russian statesman and legislator of the first half of the 19th century, was Governor-General of Siberia from 1819 to 1821. The main result of this moment in his career was the government reform in Asiatic Russia as well as the formulation in 1822 of a set of codes – rules and regulations – for Siberia and its peoples. Speranskiy tried to incorporate his theories on state and law into these codifications. One of these codes was the Rules on the Siberian Kirghiz which provided for a reform of the government system of the Kazakhs (‘Kirghiz’ in the Russian pre-revolutionary tradition) of the Middle Horde, who were under the control of Siberian regional authorities. The Middle Horde became a place where Speranskiy could experiment with his ideas. Previous researchers have paid more attention to the consequences of the promulgation of the ‘Rules on the Siberian Kirghiz’ for the later history of Kazakhstan. This paper clarifies which specific ideas of Speranskiy on state and law the Rules on the Siberian Kirghiz reflect, and answers the question of whether they had practical importance. A substantial part of the ‘Rules on the Siberian Kirghiz’ was, in fact, ineffective and would not be used in practice because of Speranskiy’s lack of knowledge of the Kazakhs, and his underrating of their political and legal level. At the same time, the authority of Speranskiy in 19th century Russia as legislator and reformer was so high that his Rules on the Siberian Kirghiz remained in force until the 1860’s, when the next substantial administrative reforms of the Kazakh steppe took place.


scholarly journals A. I. Turgenev and F. W. Schelling. Addition to the Topic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
M. Iu. Koreneva ◽  
◽  
E. O. Larionova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Academic Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article discloses an unknown episode from the history of cultural relations between Russia and Germany in the 19th century. The A. I. Turgenev’s diary of 1825 contains the poem Demagogic, that was attributed to Goethe. Integration of this diary fragment into the academic practices offers an opportunity to reconstruct the issues that were discussed in the conversations between A. I. Turgenev and F. W. Schelling when they fi rst met in Carlsbad. One of the topics was political persecutions in the German lands as a result of the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819, adopted with the involvement of Russia.

scholarly journals Quarantine as a tool of epidemic fight

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-195
Author(s):  
Renata E. Paliga
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
The 19Th Century

Until the 19th century, the factor causing epidemics was not known, and the escape from a place where it occurred as well as isolation of patients was considered to be the only effective way to avoid illness and death. Quarantine in a sense similar to modern times was used in 1377 in Ragusa, today’s Dubrovnik, during the plague epidemic. It was the first administratively imposed procedure in the world’s history. It was later used in Venice and other rich port cities in the Mediterranean. On the territory of today’s Poland, quarantine measures were used by the so-called Mayor of the Air – LukaszDrewno in 1623 during the plague epidemic in Warsaw. The quarantine left its mark on all areas of human activity. It affected all humanity in a way that is underestimated today. Throughout history, it has been described and presented visually. It is omnipresent in the world literature, art and philosophy. However, the isolation and closure of cities, limiting trade, had an impact on the economic balance, and the dilemma between the choice of inhabitants’ health and the quality of existence, i.e. their wealth, has been the subject of discussions since the Middle Ages. Since the end of the 19th century, quarantine has lost its practical meaning. The discovery of bacteria and a huge development of medical and social sciences allowed limiting its range. In the 20th century isolation and quarantine no longer had a global range, because the ability to identify factors causing the epidemic, knowledge about the incubation period, carrier, infectiousness, enabled the rational determination of its duration and territorial range. The modern SARS COV 2 pandemic has resulted in a global quarantine on a scale unprecedented for at least three hundred years. The aim of this paper is to present the history of quarantine from its beginning to the present day, including its usefulness as an epidemiological tool.

scholarly journals Some Remarks on the Eurocentricism and Imperialism in the Construction of International Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Punsara AMARASINGHE
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
European History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
The 19Th Century

The modern international law is considered an offshoot of European intellectual contributions as its basic foundation is deeply imbued with the political and social upheavals took place in European history. As an example, the Westphalian order emerged in the culmination of thirty years war in 1648 was regarded as the most pivotal mile stone in modern history of international law. Yet the European domination and its intellectual contribution to the development of international law systematically excluded non-European nations from international law and its protection, which finally paved the path to use international law in the 19th century as a tool of legitimizing the colonial expansion. This paper seeks to trace the historiography of modern international law and its dubious nature of disdaining non-Europeans and their civilizational thinking. Furthermore, this paper argues how European historical encounters carved the map of international law from a vantage point, which gave an utter prominence upon the European intellectual monopoly. The results emerge from this paper will strongly suggest the need of an alternative scholarship to unveil the history of international law.

scholarly journals Rangifer and human interests

Rangifer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article reviews biological and anthropological literatute on wild and tame Rangifer to demonstrate the powerful effect that this species has had on the imaginations of biologists, social scientists and local hunters. Through identifying a general 'human interest' in Rangifer, the author argues that there is great potential for these three communities to work together. To demonstrate this idea, the paper reviews several examples of successful and unsuccessful 'alliances' between local peoples and both natural and social scientists which have had a fundamental impact upon the history of these sciences. The paper examines recent theorerical models which suggest that human action is a major factor in the behaviour and ecology of the animals. The paper also analyses the ideas of many indigenous people for whom there is no categorical difference between semi-domesticated, semi-sedentary and migratory Rangifer through comparison with many 'anomalous' texts in English and Russian language wildlife biology. By reviewing the history of scholarly interest in Rangifer, the author argues that contemporary models of Rangifer behaviour and identity could be 'revitalised' and 'recalibrated' through the establishment of that dialogue between scientists and local peoples which so characterised the 19th century. Such a dialogue, it is argued, would help mediate many of the political conflicts now appearing in those districts where Rangifer migrate.

The history of Iberian archaeology: one archaeology for two Spains

Antiquity ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (291) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Ruiz ◽  
Alberto Sánchez ◽  
Juan P. Bellón
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Model ◽  
The 19Th Century

IntroductionIn this article we set out to analyse, from an archaeological point of view, a political problem which, as demonstrated by current debate, including acts of violence, goes well beyond archaeology. Throughout the 19th century, and especially in its latter half, a centralist political model for Spain was developed in which a political balance could not be found between the State and [lie autonomous traditions of the varions regions of the Iherian Peninsula. As a result of this failure, legitimation programmes began to be constructed towards the end of 19th century, based on the history of the peoples of these regions. This led to a search in protohistorical archaeology [Iberians, Celts, Tartessians, etc.) for a possible solution to the political problems caused by a lack of institutional agreement between states and regions.

scholarly journals The last twenty-five years of Polish humanities related to the history of the nations and countries of former Yugoslavia, their political and cultural relations with Poles, and unionism ideas in the second half of the 19th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Cetnarowicz ◽  
Krzysztof Popek
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The last twenty-five years of Polish humanities related to the history of the nations and countries of former Yugoslavia, their political and cultural relations with Poles, and unionism ideas in the second half of the 19th centuryThis paper presents an overview of the research topics that have appeared in Polish humanities since 1989 concerning the second half of the 19th c. history of the nations and countries which went on to create the Yugoslavian state after 1918. The period we chose is 1848 to 1908. Polska humanistyka ostatniego ćwierćwiecza dotycząca historii narodów i krajów byłej Jugosławii, ich związków polityczno-kulturalnych z Polakami oraz idei wspólnotowych w drugiej połowie XIX wiekuW niniejszym artykule zostanie przeprowadzony przegląd tematów badawczych dotyczących historii narodów oraz krajów, które po 1918 roku utworzyły państwo jugosłowiańskie, w drugiej połowie XIX, w polskiej humanistyce po 1989 roku. Jako orientacyjną cezurę czasową przyjęto lata 1848–1908.

A Struggle for Identity: The Ismailis in the Afghan War (1979-1989)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Victoria Arakelova ◽  
Nelli Khachaturian
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
The Political ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper is a part of a wider research on the Ismaili identity, peculiarities of the Ismailis’ self-identification in various parts of the world under different historical circumstances. The ambiguous status of the Ismailis in Afghanistan turned to be particularly problematic by the end of the 19th century when the Pashtuns became dominant in the traditionally Ismaili-inhabited areas. In a hostile milieu, under severe persecutions, the local Ismaili identity acquired a tendency of unification with other ethno-religious identities, the principle of taqiyya having been widely spread. Since then, the Ismailis became especially dependent on the political situation in Afghanistan and the policy of its rulers towards ethnic and religious minorities. The War of 1979-1989 turned to be the most dramatic episode in the history of the Ismaili community in Afghanistan when its very survival appeared to be questioned: Ismaili intellectuals left the region, and lower social layers got involved in drug cultivation and trafficking. Supporting any of the conflict’s sides could have led to a community tragedy, possibly to its complete annihilation. The limited information we obtained, including the memoirs of the Afghan War veterans, demonstrate the identity split in the Ismaili community of Afghanistan whose members were fighting on the opposite sides of the armed conflict.

scholarly journals INFORMATION ON DAGESTANIS IN PAPUN ORBELIANI’S CHRONICLE “INFORMATION ON KARTLI”

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-187
Author(s):  
Shakhban Khapizov ◽  
Larisa Tuptsokova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Political History ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Written Sources

The article overviews a Georgian historical work of the 18th c. – “Information on Kartli”. This work by Papuan Orbeliani, despite its large volume, covers only a 20-year period of the Georgian history (1739-1758). The author does not provide any written sources in his chronicle. Apparently, the description of events was based on his personal memories, as well as on witness accounts. The author describes the events he himself was a part of or the information he obtained firsthand, however a vague description of events by report is mentioned throughout the text. This fact gives more credibility to this work. In 18th – first half of the 19th century his text was used in their works by other historians (Oman Kherkeulidze and Niko Dadiani).In the chronicle we focused on the information about Dagestan and its peoples, which is covered in this paper. The information mainly referred to military campaigns and raids on Georgia by Dagestan troops. At the same time, the source contains much information about political relations between Dagestan and Georgia, as well as the influence of Iran and Turkey on the situation in the region. This data allows to reconstruct some episodes of military and political history of Dagestan in the 18th c. They are also of great interest for the study of the relationship between Dagestan and Georgia in the same century. Extensive historical and philological commentaries on the translations have been provided in the paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document