Memory Culture and Memory Policy in Germany – Prerequisites and Critique

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-191
Author(s):  
Daniela Decheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Memory Culture ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Political Consensus ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Basic Prerequisite

The paper analyses the contemporary debate about memory culture and memory policy in Germany which are highly valid for Europe as well. They base on the political consensus that the memory of collective crimes committed in the past, especially of the Holocaust, and the honour to the victims, are a basic prerequisite for the protection of human rights. In the second part of the paper different critical views on the conception and practice of memory culture and memory policy in Germany are discussed.

scholarly journals Kustode – et essay om skønhed og udyr i Europas erindring

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Cecilie Felicia Stokholm Banke
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
Memory Culture ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Second World

During the past two decades, memory culture surrounding the Second World War has developed from a narrow focus on “when we were at war” to the current broader focus on complex and universal issues such as human rights, reconciliation, justice, and atonement. This development has given the war and Holocaust museums a dynamic position within the current political culture of Europe. But what do we actually remember when we insist on keeping alive the memory of the Holocaust, genocide, and political mass violence: The lives which were lost during these atrocities? Or the violence that created the losses? In this essay, the author presents a series of reflections on memory culture around the Holocaust and other mass atrocities that has developed in Europe since the fall of communism.

THE CONCEPT OF "HUMAN RIGHTS" IN THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SCIENCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Farhod Khatamov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

This scientific article analyzes the origin of the concept of "human rights", its historical evolution and role in the political development of society. Scientific conclusions were made by summarizing the interpretations of various periods and historical stages. The study also emphasizes that the protection of human rights and freedoms occupies a special place in the development of human civilization

Bills of Rights and Decolonization

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parkinson Charles
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Overseas Territories

This book analyzes the British Government's radical change in policy during the late 1950s on the use of bills of rights in colonial territories nearing independence. More broadly it explores the political dimensions of securing the protection of human rights at independence and the peaceful transfer of power through constitutional means. This book fills a major gap in the literature on British and Commonwealth law, history, and politics by documenting how bills of rights became commonplace in Britain' s former overseas territories. It provides a detailed empirical account of the origins of the bills of rights in Britain's former colonial territories in Africa, the West Indies, and South East Asia as well as in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It sheds light on the development of legal systems at the point of gaining independence and raises questions about the colonial influence on the British legal establishment's change in attitude towards bills of rights in the late 20th century. It presents an alternative perspective on the end of Empire by focusing upon one aspect of constitutional decolonization and the importance of the local legal culture in determining each dependency's constitutional settlement and provides a series of empirical case studies on the incorporation of human rights instruments into domestic constitutions when negotiated between a state and its dependencies. More generally, this book highlights Britain's human rights legacy to its former Empire, and traces the genesis of the bills of rights of over thirty nations from the Commonwealth.

Human rights in Iraq's transition: the search for inclusiveness

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (869) ◽  
pp. 91-117
Author(s):  
John P. Pace
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Security Council Resolution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

AbstractThe aftermath of the invasion of Iraq set unprecedented challenges to the United Nations in the political and in the human rights spheres. Since the first involvement of the United Nations under Security Council Resolution 1483 (2003), the United Nations, through its assistance mission (UNAMI), has provided support to the process of transition from a military occupation resulting from an unlawful invasion to a fully sovereign and independent state, an objective yet to be fully achieved. The article looks at this trajectory from the angle of the involvement of the Security Council, the legal context, the protection of human rights and the striving for reconciliation, sovereignty and inclusiveness.

Holocaust and theology

Exchange ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Anton Houtepen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
Clash Of Civilisations ◽  
Intercultural Theology

AbstractHolocaust Theology, first developed by Jewish scholars, has had a definite impact on the Christian attitude with regard to Judaism. It made Christianity aware of its Anti-Judaist thinking and acting in the past, one of the root causes of Anti-Semitism and one of the factors that led to the Holocaust in Nazi-Germany during World War II. Similar forms of industrial killing and genocide did happen, however, elsewhere in the world as well. Most important of all was the ' metamorphosis ' of the Christian concept of God: no longer did God's almighty power and benevolent will for his chosen people dominate the theological discourse, but God's compassion for those who suffer and and the Gospel of Peace and human rights. Mission to the Jews was gradually replaced by Christian-Jewish dialogue. Both in mission studies, ecumenism and intercultural theology, theologians seem to have received the fundamental truth of the early patristic saying: There is no violence in God. This makes a new alliance of theology with the humanities possible on the level of academia and enables a critical stand of theology against the political power play causing the actual clash of civilisations.

scholarly journals Supervision of the execution of The European Court of Human Rights’ case law

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Corina Siman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
European Court ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
European System ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Executive Body

The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms empowers the decision-making and executive body of the Council of Europe, id est the Committee of Ministers, to supervise the execution of the European Court of Human Rights’ case law. The mechanism thus established possesses a certain specificity, which is inherent to the European system of protection of fundamental rights. Therefore, both the political nature of the Committee of Ministers and the elements that form the process of monitoring the implementation of the content of the Strasbourg Court’s judgments and decisions are of interest.

scholarly journals The Protection of Human Rights in Post-Communist Albania

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Meljana Bregu
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Right

Albania was one of the most isolated countries in Europe for nearly 45 years. During the communist era, the legal system was under the direct control of the Party of Labor. The protection of human rights in the first years of the communist regime was clearly shaped on the soviet principles. The criminal code of Albania was the symbol of a repressive system, regardless of human rights protection, crimes punishable by death were sanctioned by various articles, including “agitation and propaganda against the state” and ‘activities against the revolutionary movement of the working class”. Hoxha also closed the Ministry of Justice and banned the private practice of law as a consequence the right to a fair trial was denied. After the fall of communism Albania has made significant progress toward respect for civil and political rights, especially toward the right to a fair trial. The constitution of 1998 protects the right to a fair trial in chapter two and one important step is the ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1996, which guarantee the right to a fair trial in article six. Still, 25 years of transformation are not enough to wipe away the legacy of the past; the lack of human rights mechanisms poses a serious challenge to the Albanian democratic system. Still today Albania faces important issues concerning the protection of human rights generally and particularly the right to a fair trial. This fact is evident if we refer to the cases of the European Court of human rights versus Albania dealing with the application of article 6 of the Convention.The paper aims to address the protection of human rights after the demise of the communist regime, especially regarding the right to a fair trail, analyzing the progress but also the continuity in some aspects with the past.

Globalization as a New Framework for Human Rights Protection

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-49
Author(s):  
Reannon Navaratnam ◽  
Isabelle Yeeun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Governmental Intervention ◽  
Media And Communication ◽  
New Framework

Human rights protection through globalisation embraces universality by promoting the protection of human rights regardless of human differences including culture, religion, race, language and nationality. In the past however, some nations have denied to accept the key concepts of international social development and the protection of human dignity, through actioning war crimes and governmental intervention on the rights of citizens. Further, Cultural differences and intolerance of these differences, has created conflict in attempting to afford human rights to all individuals of all nations. Globalisation through encompassing various forms in the areas of political globalisation, media and communication, legal development, education, technological advancement and economic development, allows for the development of human rights protection with the consideration of vital social factors. Thus, Globalisation as a new framework for human rights protection has the potential to implement a global standard for all, in an attempt to repair the inadequacies of the past.

scholarly journals Cometendo os erros do passado: a experiência do Holocausto no aprendizado escolar / Making the mistakes of the past: the Holocaust experience in school learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Gustavo Feital Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Holocaust Literature ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
The Past ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
School Learning

Através do estudo de livros escritos por vítimas do nazismo, este artigo procura propor uma abordagem do Holocausto no ensino escolar que seja aprofundada nos efeitos sociais do antissemitismo, como a violência, o preconceito e o racismo vividos pelos judeus europeus em seu cotidiano. O objetivo desta atividade seria tornar o ensino de história mais voltado aos problemas do contexto social atual ao abordar o sofrimento de indivíduos reais do passado, diversificando a didática e acrescentando ao conhecimento dos fatos políticos já ensinado.* * *The article analyzes the use of Holocaust literature in school teaching of the history course. Through the study of books produced by victims of Nazism, it seeks to make an approach to the past that is sensitive to current social problems, such as violence, prejudice and racism. The purpose of this activity would be to make history teaching more focused on the problems of the current social context by addressing the suffering of real individuals, diversifying the teaching practice and adding to the knowledge of the political facts already taught.

scholarly journals La Cour européenne des droits de l’homme

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-933
Author(s):  
Marc-André Eissen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Canadian Charter ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Court ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
The Status ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms came into force on September 1953. In 1959, the European Court of Human Rights began its work which is to apply the Convention to particular cases. Since then, it has delivered 94 judgments. For Canadian Lawyers, since the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has come into force, the European Court and its decisions are of particular signifiance. The following article concerns the Court itself, especially the status of its judges. It also concerns the functions, powers and procedures of the Court and lastly relates the spirit with which the Convention has been applied to the National Laws of the Members of the Council of Europe for the past 25 years.

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