scholarly journals Das “dinâmicas naturais” aos “usos e conflitos”: uma reflexão sobre a evolução epistemológica da linha do “costeiro”

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Milton ANDRIGUETTO FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Scientific Objects ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Specific Line ◽  
Territorial Analysis

Este artigo discute a pertinência de uma linha específica de pesquisa sobre usos e conflitos nos ambientes costeiros, já que as linhas que abordam os recortes tradicionais do urbano e do rural poderiam potencialmente dar conta da pesquisa interdisciplinar na zona costeira. Apresentam-se as razões acadêmicas para o surgimento da linha, e argumenta-se pela sua especificidade como recorte de análise territorial. A complexidade e a “novidade”, como objeto científico, de alguns dos fenômenos da zona costeira não permitem considerá-los como casos particulares da problemática urbana e rural convencionais. A partir de exemplos tomados da mesa redonda sobre o tema, defende-se o conflito como categoria para organizar a pesquisa interdisciplinar costeira. A pesquisa dos conflitos invoca a totalidade das dinâmicas naturais e sociais necessárias a seu equacionamento, com a vantagem de permitir uma aplicação mais direta das descobertas ao processo de gestão. From “natural dynamics” to “uses and conflicts”: a reflection on the epistemologic evolution of the “coastal” Abstract This article discusses the pertinence of a specific line of research about the uses of and conflicts in coastal environments, since research lines dealing with traditional urban and rural cuts could have the necessary potential to accomplish interdisciplinary research about coastal areas. Academic reasons for the creation of the line, as well as arguments in favor of its specificity as a territorial analysis cut, are presented here. The complexity and the “novelty” of some coastal area phenomena, as scientific objects, don’t allow us to see them as particular cases of the conventional urban and rural issue. Based on examples taken from a round table on the theme, conflict is championed as a category capable of organizing coastal interdisciplinary research. The research about conflicts invokes all the natural and social dynamics necessary for its equation, with the advantage of allowing for more direct application of discoveries to the management process.

scholarly journals Knowledge-Sharing Dilemmas

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Cabrera ◽  
Elizabeth F. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Telecommunication Technology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vital Component

The exchange of information among organizational employees is a vital component of the knowledge-management process. Modem information and telecommunication technology is available to support such exchanges across time and distance barriers. However, organizations investing in this type of technology often face difficulties in encouraging their employees to use the system to share their ideas. This paper elaborates on previous research, suggesting that sharing personal insights with one's co-workers may carry a cost for some individuals which may yield, at the aggregate level, a co-operation dilemma, similar to a public-good dilemma. A review of the research on different types of public-good dilemmas provides some indications of the specific interventions that may help organizations encourage the kind of social dynamics that will increase overall knowledge sharing. These interventions can be classified into three categories: interventions aimed at restructuring the pay-offs for contributing, those that try to increase efficacy perceptions, and those that make employees' sense of group identity and personal responsibility more salient.

scholarly journals Studying Collective Human Decision Making and Creativity with Evolutionary Computation

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Sayama ◽  
Shelley D. Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Evolutionary Computation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Human Decision

We report a summary of our interdisciplinary research project “Evolutionary Perspective on Collective Decision Making” that was conducted through close collaboration between computational, organizational, and social scientists at Binghamton University. We redefined collective human decision making and creativity as evolution of ecologies of ideas, where populations of ideas evolve via continual applications of evolutionary operators such as reproduction, recombination, mutation, selection, and migration of ideas, each conducted by participating humans. Based on this evolutionary perspective, we generated hypotheses about collective human decision making, using agent-based computer simulations. The hypotheses were then tested through several experiments with real human subjects. Throughout this project, we utilized evolutionary computation (EC) in non-traditional ways—(1) as a theoretical framework for reinterpreting the dynamics of idea generation and selection, (2) as a computational simulation model of collective human decision-making processes, and (3) as a research tool for collecting high-resolution experimental data on actual collaborative design and decision making from human subjects. We believe our work demonstrates untapped potential of EC for interdisciplinary research involving human and social dynamics.

scholarly journals TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS, DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND RURAL EXTENSION FOR FAMILY FARMING

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Marcela Almeida de Araujo ◽  
Sergio Paganini Martins ◽  
Gerd Sparovek ◽  
Simone Beatriz Lima Ranieri ◽  
Adauto Brasilino Rocha Junior
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Quality Service ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
State Action ◽  
Multiple Data Sources ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Family Agriculture ◽  
Territorial Analysis

In the last decade, significant changes in the national scenario have altered the productive and social dynamics of Family Agriculture (FA) and public policies for this public, such as Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (TARE), can play an important role in its strengthening. This study carried out a territorial analysis of the dynamics of access to TARE by FA in the last decade, through multiple data sources. The results show that the structuring of a new and efficient national TARE system must rely on: (i) state action, but not with the claim that they are the only source of such services; (ii) expansion of the performance of municipalities, where the participation of city halls may contribute to TARE becoming a quality service; (iii) continuous and quality training for extension workers; iv) creation of innovative financing mechanisms; and (v) promoting the integration of research and extension.

scholarly journals Collaboration, creativity, conflict and chaos: doing interdisciplinary sustainability research

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1711-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Cairns ◽  
Sabine Hielscher ◽  
Ann Light
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The University

Abstract How do the social dynamics within interdisciplinary research teams shape sustainability research? This paper presents a case study of interdisciplinary research projects at the University of Sussex, as part of a programme aimed at encouraging collaborative work to address intersections between the Sustainability Development Goals. Using data gathered during a series of participatory workshops at the start and end of the projects, combined with non-participant observation and analysis of project discussions during the lifetime of the projects, we examine the diverse ways in which research teams configure themselves to navigate the terrain of interdisciplinary sustainability research and the kinds of social and discursive dynamics that shape projects. In particular, we relate the emergence of distinct project team configurations to diverse problem framings, and aspirations for collaboration within these teams. We examine some of the challenges facing researchers attempting to work in these ways, and explore implications of these dynamics for knowledge production for sustainability. We conclude by drawing out and addressing some of the challenges for institutions funding and supporting interdisciplinary sustainability research.

scholarly journals Convergence of socio-ecological dynamics in disparate ecological systems under strong coupling to human social systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Sigdel ◽  
Madhur Anand ◽  
Chris T. Bauch
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Ecological Dynamics ◽  
Social Ostracism ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Convergence

AbstractIt is widely recognized that coupled socio-ecological dynamics can be qualitatively different from the dynamics of social or ecological systems in isolation from one another. The influence of the type of ecological dynamics on the dynamics of the larger socio-ecological system is less well studied, however. Here, we carry out such a comparison using a mathematical model of a common pool resource problem. A population must make decisions about harvesting a renewable resource. Individuals may either be cooperators, who harvest at a sustainable level, or defectors, who over-harvest. Cooperators punish defectors through social ostracism. Individuals can switch strategies according the costs and benefits of harvesting and the strength of social ostracism. These mechanisms are represented by a differential equation for social dynamics which is coupled to three different types of resource dynamics: logistic growth, constant inflow, and threshold growth. We find that when human influence is sufficiently weak, the form of natural dynamics leaves a strong imprint on the socio-ecological dynamics, and human social dynamics are qualitatively very different from natural dynamics. However, stronger human influence introduces a broad intermediate parameter regime where dynamical patterns converge to a common type: the three types of ecological systems exhibit similar dynamics, but also, social and ecological dynamics strongly mirror one another. This is a consequence of stronger coupling and is reminiscent of synchrony from other fields, such as the classic problem of coupled oscillators in physics. Socio-ecological convergence has implications for how we understand and manage complex socio-ecological systems. In an era of growing human influence on ecological systems, further empirical and theoretical work is required to determine whether socio-ecological convergence is present in real systems.

scholarly journals Open Chance and Risk Management Process Supported by a Software Tool for Improving Urban Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Finger ◽  
Katharina Ross ◽  
Ivo Häring ◽  
Elena-Maria Restayn ◽  
Uli Siebold
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Urban Security ◽  
Iso 31000

AbstractBy now the 5-step risk and chance management process according to the generic ISO 31000 standard has been applied to a wide range of domains including organizational risk management, business continuity, safety and IT security management, as well as occupational safety. The paper motivates the context and need for an open, scalable and flexible urban (perceived) security and safety assessment and improvement process, showing that it should be applicable also at local community level. The basic ideas of the process include the division of risk and chance analysis and management (treatment) into defined phases which are addressed iteratively: (1) within a framing context, stakeholders and their objectives are identified; (2) chance events for reaching objectives or, as often more straightforward, risk events opposing objectives are identified; (3) these chances and risks on objectives are quantified in terms of probability and consequences on the identified objectives; (4) they are assessed regarding their context-sensitive societal acceptability; (5) improvement measures are selected and implemented. The process is iterated until all risks on objectives are sufficiently controlled, also the combination of risks. Concerning the methodology, a semi-formal modelling of the static and dynamic requirements of a tailored process based on ISO 31000 is provided, which in addition allows the formulation of minimum consistency and completeness requirements, e.g. for each objective at least one stakeholder and risk should be identified. For the urban domain, a classification of risk assessment techniques regarding their suitability for supporting the process is presented. A further focus is the efficient provision of best practice options for urban security enhancement. Based on the insights gained by the systematic modelling of the risk management process, a software tool was developed to facilitate the application of the process in participatory settings like round table discussions with stakeholders. The paper presents as use case the application of the tool-supported methodology in several discussion rounds within a residential district in a medium sized university town in Germany along with the discussion of the evaluations and findings. Thus, the applicability of the software-supported urban security risk management to the novel urban security domain is demonstrated. In summary, the approach is sufficiently transparent and flexible for fast summaries of round table discussions up to complex iterative decision and participatory scenarios, which have to consider multiple stakeholders and a large variety of possible urban security and safety enhancement options with a given urban context.

Contributions to the mechanisms of mitosis and roles of cytoplasmic microtubules from ultrastructural analyses of fungi

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
I. Brent Heath
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Organelle Motility ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules

Detailed ultrastructural analysis of fungal mitotic systems and cytoplasmic microtubules might be expected to contribute to a number of areas of general interest in addition to the direct application to the organisms of study. These areas include possibly fundamental general mechanisms of mitosis; evolution of mitosis; phylogeny of organisms; mechanisms of organelle motility and positioning; characterization of cellular aspects of microtubule properties and polymerization control features. This communication is intended to outline our current research results relating to selected parts of the above questions.Mitosis in the oomycetes Saprolegnia and Thraustotheca has been described previously. These papers described simple kinetochores and showed that the kineto- chores could probably be used as markers for the poorly defined chromosomes. Kineto- chore counts from serially sectioned prophase mitotic nuclei show that kinetochore replication precedes centriole replication to yield a single hemispherical array containing approximately the 4 n number of kinetochore microtubules diverging from the centriole associated "pocket" region of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 1).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document