scholarly journals CONCENTRAÇÃO DIÁRIA DA PRECIPITAÇÃO NA BACIA DO ALTO IGUAÇU, PARANÁ, BRASIL - CONCENTRATION INDEX OF RAINFALL IN THE UPPER BASIN IGUAÇU, PARANÁ, BRAZIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Gabriela Marques Pinheiro ◽  
Javier Martin Vide
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
The North ◽  
Frontal Systems ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
South Of Brazil

A Bacia do Alto Iguaçu/Paraná, localizada no sul do Brasil, encontra-se exposta a riscos derivados das inundações, sobretudo nos meses de verão (dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro). Durante este período a bacia experimenta precipitações convectivas associadas a sistemas frontais juntamente com o aquecimento local. Además, as precipitações convectivas estão associadas com a entrada de umidade procedente do norte do Brasil. Dada a sua concentração e seu grande volume total, o conhecimento da precipitação em escala diária é essencial para o planejamento e gestão da bacia. Em particular, a compreensão dos padrões de precipitação diária torna-se essencial para o planejamento e gestão do território, assim como para a conservação dos recursos naturais. Com base no conhecimento da área de estudo, este trabalho utiliza o índice de concentração da precipitação (CI) para determinar os potencias impactos da precipitação diária. O índice foi aplicado para 18 estações meteorológicas com dados homogeneizados de qualidade, para o período de 1980 a 2010. Os valores foram calculados considerando os totais e a sazonalidade, com o intuito de verificar possíveis variações. Os valores do índice de concentração, foram altos durante o outono e inverno, já durante a primavera e o verão, apresentaram-se moderados.ABSTRACTThe Upper Iguaçu Basin/Paraná, located in the South of Brazil, is exposed to flood risk, mainly during summer months (December, January and February). During this period, the basin undergoes convective precipitation associated with frontal systems with local heating. Besides that, the convective precipitation is related to the moisture entrance from the North of Brazil. Given its concentration at time and large total volume, the knowledge of the resolution of daily rainfall is very important. Particularly, the comprehension of the daily rainfall patterns is essential for planning and management of land and to the conservation of natural resources. Based on area knowledge, this paper uses the concentration index (IC) to determine the potential impacts of daily rainfall. The index was applied in 18 meteorological stations within homogenized quality for the period 1970-2010. The values were calculated considering the the total amount and the sazonality, with the purpose of check possible variations.The values of the Concentration Index were high during fall and winter, and during summer and spring it reveals to be moderate.

scholarly journals Precipitation trends and a daily precipitation concentration index for the mid-Eastern Atlantic (Canary Islands, Spain)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Máyer ◽  
M.V. Marzol ◽  
J.M. Parreño
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Precipitation Concentration ◽  
The North

This paper pursues two objectives: first, to determine the trends of seasonal and annual precipitation in the Canary Islands and, second, to identify trends in the daily precipitation concentration index (CI). For the first objective, we used data from 1970-2013 of 23 rainfall stations located on different islands, after verifying the homogeneity of their series. For the second, the sample was reduced to eleven series since deficiencies in data records of less than 1 mm of daily precipitation were appreciated. We used the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test to determine whether the series showed linear trends in annual and seasonal precipitation and in the values of CI. The seasonal results showed negative trends in spring and winter in almost all the time series considered, especially in the north of Gran Canaria and Tenerife. Conversely, 78% of the series in autumn recorded an increase in the precipitation. The annual balance indicated a decline of rainfall in most of the locations, because of the high concentration of precipitation in winter. Finally, the majority of the time series exhibited a trend toward a greater concentration of daily rainfall, in particular those series located in areas where the main towns are settled, which is an important issue to consider because of severe flooding and other geomorphological processes.

Protecting Natural Resources

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This chapter focuses on the connection between the international legal framework governing the conservation of natural resources and human rights law. The objective is to examine the potential synergies between international environmental law and human rights when it comes to the protection of natural resources. To do so, it concentrates on three main areas of potential convergence. It first focuses on the pollution of natural resources and analyses how human rights law offers a potential platform to seek remedies for the victims of pollution. It next concentrates on the conservation of natural resources, particularly on the interconnection between protected areas, biodiversity, and human rights law. Finally, it examines the relationship between climate change and human rights law, focusing on the role that human rights law can play in the development of the current climate change adaptation and mitigation frameworks.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Geographical Mechanism of Natural Resources in China under the Orientation of the New Economic Demands

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7956
Author(s):  
Xiangmin Zhang ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Hailong Yu ◽  
Zhuofan Li ◽  
Shen Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
New Economy ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Demand Structure ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Location Map ◽  
Resource Elements

The demand structure of resources for new economy is different from the traditional one in that its development may significantly change China’s economic location map and spatial pattern. Based on 343 administrative units of prefecture-level cities in China, this research constructs the measurement index system of terrestrial surface natural resources under the orientation of the new economic demands; this research mainly analyses the spatial distribution characteristics and geographical mechanism of natural resources by means of the spatial autocorrelation and spatial similarity calculation methods. The results show that: (1) The structure and endowment of natural resources under the orientation of the new economic demands need to be reexamined. The significance of a good environment and ecological resources has been highlighted. The coupling of resource elements better reveals the availability of natural resources. (2) The natural resources decrease from southeast to northwest, showing a pattern of “abundant in the south and east and scarce in the north and west”. Natural resources have a significant positive correlation in spatial distribution with two types of agglomeration: high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration, showing the local agglomeration feature of “high in the south and low in the north”. (3) Natural factors such as temperature, precipitation and altitude affect the spatial distribution of natural resources, with the temperature being the most significant. This indicates that the original natural environment and its role are the geographical mechanism for the formation and distribution of natural resources. The results could provide a reference for the development and the optimization of China’s new economy.

scholarly journals Farmers’ and Herders’ Perceptions on Rangeland Management in Two Agroecological Zones of Benin

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Vivien Cao Diogo ◽  
Luc Hippolyte Dossa ◽  
Sèyi Fridaïus Ulrich Vanvanhossou ◽  
Badirou Dine Abdoulaye ◽  
Kossi Hélliot Dosseh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
The North ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Sound Management

The sustainable use of rangelands in pastoral areas requires the inclusion of all stakeholders to develop sound management strategies. However, the role of these actors in the sustainable management of natural resources is still poorly understood. The present study aims to (i) assess the perception of farmers and herders of the risks and opportunities of transhumance on rangeland resource use and management, and to (ii) generate useful knowledge for the design and implementation of policies that favor the coexistence of these actors and reduce competition over rangeland resources use in Benin. To this end, interviews were conducted with 240 crop farmers and herders using a semi-structured questionnaire in two contrasting agroecological zones in the northern (Kandi) and the southern (Kétou) part of the country. Among the respondents, 64% of farmers in the North were agro-pastoralists (owning 10.6 ha of land and 10.7 cattle) and 36% were herders (keeping 45.8 cattle and cultivating about 3.7 ha of land). They perceived that communal rangelands were entirely degraded. In the South, 36% of respondents were agro-pastoralists (with 0.3 cattle and farming 4 ha of land) and 64% cattle herders (raising 45.3 cattle and farming 0.9 ha of land only). Of the herders, 50% kept cattle for more than 20 years, while agro-pastoralists had no previous experience in cattle herding. Cultivation practices among crop farmers, such as high use of mineral fertilization (23.8%) and bush fires for land clearing (22.5%), were reported in Kandi (North) and Kétou (South) as factors that might contribute to land degradation. However, these farmers perceived transhumance as a threat to the sustainable use of natural resources. In contrast, herders perceived transhumance as an opportunity to valorize unused land and increase the availability of manure to cropland. The prevalent negative attitude of crop farmers regarding transhumant herders increases the vulnerability of cattle herding in both regions. There is an urgent need of raising awareness concerning the mutual benefits provided by the coexistence of crop farmers with herders to promote participative rangeland management strategies. This may contribute towards coping with the current challenges of food insecurity and increasing climate variability as well as to reducing recurrent conflicts in the region.

scholarly journals Primates and conservation priorities in Madagascar

Oryx ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon I. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Primate Conservation ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Primate Society

Madagascar's conservation problems are many, but the Malagasy Government is working towards solutions, having recently passed into law a strategy that links development with the conservation of natural resources. The protection of the country's remaining forests is a key concern, both for the human population and for the non-human primates. The author is a primatologist and has a research background in behavioural ecology, reproduction and conservation, especially with prosimians. This article was first presented at the joint Primate Society of Great Britain/FFPS meeting on primate conservation in December 1985.

scholarly journals A floristic description of the Afromontane fynbos communities on Platberg, Eastern Free State, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Brand ◽  
Pieter J. Du Preez ◽  
Leslie R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Shrub Community ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Twinspan Classification

Within the Platberg area and the wider Drakensberg region, the shrinking natural resources and the threat posed to biodiversity are of concern to conservation management and require an understanding of long-term ecological processes. The vegetation of Platberg was investigated as part of an ecological survey to establish Afromontane floristic links to the Drakensberg as well as for the management of natural resources. From a TWINSPAN classification, refined by the Braun-Blanquet method, four main plant communities were identified, which were subdivided into fynbos, wetland, a woody/shrub community and grassland. A classification and description of the fynbos are presented in this article.The analysis showed the fynbos divided into two communities comprising four sub-communities and seven variants. The fynbos community had an average of 28.34 species per relevé, ranging from 14 to 54 species per sample plot. Twenty-four endemic or near-endemic Drakensberg Alpine Centre (DAC) species and 22 exotic (alien-invasive) species were recorded. Numerous floristic links with the DAC, Cape flora fynbos and grassland bioregions to the north and west were also found. The description of the fynbos plant communities can serve as a basis for the formulation of management plans for the area.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN IMPACTS OF HYDROELETRIC DAMS BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH OF BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILLAUME LETURCQ
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Area North ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South ◽  
Belo Monte

Abstract The environmental impacts of hydroelectric dams in Brazil are investigated in local and regional scales, for the last years. In this paper, we analyze the impact than the establishment of a hydroelectric dam has for the people and their spaces, with the comparative experiences occurred for the North and South of Brazil. We will focus on aspects related to the organization of families, social fight, the compensation and resettlement of people affected by the dam's construction, as well we take a look to the similarities between the two areas, with emphasis on aspects related to migration, mobility and landscapes. For this, we rely on research carried out on the river Uruguay (South), based on interviews, questionnaires and studies of primary and secondary sources, from 2007 to 2014 and also in a survey that is currently being held in Belo Monte area (North), which also uses primary and secondary sources, with fieldwork periods.

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