Influence of Income Generating Activities and Resource Accessibility on Empowerment of Women in Makueni County

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Janet Mutua ◽  
◽  
Nyaga G. Juster ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Women Groups ◽  
Income Generating Activities ◽  
Gender Based

There is need to establish the role played by NGOs in promoting women empowerment and how this leads to reduction of the socio-economic vulnerability of women. Because of the low participation of women in decision making process, control over ownership and access of resources and wealth, increased poverty levels, increased cases of gender-based violence. This has necessitated the need to establish the role of NGOs in women empowerment in Makueni County. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the effect of income generating activities and the resource availability on women empowerment. The anchor theory for this study is the Women Empowerment Framework by Sara Longwe and the other theory used in the study include Kabeers 3-dimensional model. The study population was 60 women groups in Kalawa ward, Makueni County who have benefited from the NGOs programs. The total number of respondents were 1254 and a sample size of 294 was used. The study found that there was an influence of income generating activities on women empowerment. A unit increase in income generating activities was found to increase women empowerment by 0.323 units. The study also found that there was there was a negative influence of resource accessibility on women empowerment, implying that a unit increase in resource accessibility decreases women empowerment by 0.152 units. The study recommendations are that NGOs, National and County Governments to provide linkage to markets for the products from the income generating activities by women groups. Both Government and NGOs should develop frameworks to engage women in development agenda. Keywords: Women Empowerment, Income Generating Activities, Resource Availability

scholarly journals Effects of Financial Inclusion and Awareness Creation on Women Empowerment in Kalawa Ward, Makueni County-Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Janet Mutua ◽  
◽  
Nyaga G. Juster ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Women Groups ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Right ◽  
Poverty Levels

Despite the ever-increasing number of NGOs in Makueni County aimed at socio-economic empowerment of women, gender inequalities are persistent and poverty levels are high. This is evident by low participation of women in decision making process, control over ownership and access of resources and wealth, increased poverty levels, increased cases of gender-based violence. This has necessitated the need to establish the role of NGOs in women empowerment in Makueni County. The purpose of the study was to establish the role of NGOs in financial inclusion of women and the creation of awareness on property rights for women. The anchor theory for this study is the Women Empowerment Framework by Sara Longwe and the other theories used in the study include Kabeers 3-dimensional model; the public goods theory of financial inclusion. The study population was 60 women groups in Kalawa ward, Makueni County who have benefited from the NGOs programs. The total number of respondents were 1254 and a sample size of 294 was used. The findings revealed that financial inclusion and awareness creation on the right to own resources and property influence women empowerment. The focus group discussions highlighted that the NGOs are doing very little in regards to awareness creation on the right of ownership of resources and property. Women cited that discrimination, being left out of development agenda, illiteracy and patriarchal nature of the society as the major challenge. The study recommendations were that NGOs, National and County Governments should provide linkage to markets for the products from the income generating activities by women groups. Both Government and NGOs should develop frameworks to engage women in development agenda. Keywords: Women Empowerment, Financial Inclusion, Awareness Creation, NGOs, Makueni County.

scholarly journals Addressing “Gender” in Gender Based Violence: A Qualitative Study of Gender Transformative Approach among Tribal’s in Jharkhand

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Pandey Vipul ◽  
◽  
Singh SK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Male Violence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Transformative Approach

This is a case study of gender based violence among the different area of Jharkhand addressing the gender. It elaborates the common phenomenon of male violence and women empowerment in all societies and all social groups and classes. The experiences from field study are juxtaposed with a growing number of innovative violence against women program targeting men in the role of perpetuators.

scholarly journals Sexual Violence and Women Empowerment in India: Findings from a Nationally Representative Sample Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shewli Shabnam
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Women's Experience ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Gender Based

Promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women and elimination of violence against women was recognised as an important component in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Intimate partner violence is one of the most common forms of gender based violence throughout the world. Empowering women is an effective measure required to tackle the problem of domestic violence. There are various parameters that are used to measure women empowerment like education, work force participation, women’s decision making capacity in the family etc. In this paper we have analysed the relationship between women’s experience of spousal sexual violence and women empowerment using the ecological model of domestic violence proposed by Heise. We have used the data of the 4th National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted in India in 2015–2016. Our results show that common empowerment related factors like education was not significantly associated with women’s experience of sexual abuse. Moreover, the likelihood of facing sexual abuse by husband was found higher among working women. We observe that relational and contextual factors like husband’s assertion of control over wife, cultural norms that condone wife abuse significantly increased women’s likelihood of experiencing sexual violence by husband.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gender Based Violence for having Girl Child, Women’s Reaction and Empowerment among Mothers Attending Postpartum OPD in a Selected Medical College, West Bengal

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Soujita Mukherjee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Postnatal Women ◽  
Gender Based

Background: Gender based violence is a global problem and is still a key concern in developing countries. A survey was undertaken to assess prevalence of gender based violence for having girl child, women’s reaction and empowerment among mothers. Methods: The conceptual framework was based on “The Duluth Model”. Clearance from the institutional ethical committee and individual consent were taken. Descriptive survey design was adopted. From the population of postnatal women 162 were selected as sample by purposive sampling technique from postnatal OPD. Final data were collected for 6 weeks by using a validated and reliable semi-structured interview schedule (r = 0.98) and structured interview schedule (r = 0.83). Result: The study findings revealed that 22.83% women faced gender based violence. Majority faced emotional violence (59%) and sexual violence (57%). Women’s no rejection towards girl child was 91.35% whereas only 8.64% had indifferent view. In the domain of women empowerment 64.19% expressed as well empowered but decision making in the area of political (38.8%), economical (19.75%) and educational (12.96%) was poor. The association between gender based violence and women empowerment is statistically significant (chi2 value = 48.03*, p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that gender based violence is till now a case of concern for our society and country. The study has it’s implication in the field of nursing practice for awareness on violence and women’s right during pregnancy and after child birth.

scholarly journals The Framing of Gender-Based Violence Discourses in Mainstream Development: From a Human Rights Violation to a Development Barrier

10.5130/aag.h ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Astrid Escrig-Pinol
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Women's Organizations ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rights Issue ◽  
Human Rights Violation

This chapter discusses the emergence of gender-based violence (GBV) as a grassroots women’s organizations’ concern, and how it later became a human rights issue and a priority in the mainstream development agenda. The anti-GBV movement is deeply rooted in a human rights approach and on defending the right of women to a life free of violence. However, mainstream development and governmental initiatives have increasingly framed the fight against GBV in instrumental terms, situating GBV as an obstacle to development. The chapter uses a feminist lens to critically analyse mainstream discourses and their implications for policy and development programs aimed at reducing GBV rates.

scholarly journals The Association Between Women Empowerment and Emotional Violence in Zimbabwe: A Cluster Analysis Approach

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110213
Author(s):  
Annah Vimbai Bengesai ◽  
Evelyn Derera
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Gender Based

This study examined the relationship between women’s empowerment and different dimensions of emotional violence in Zimbabwe using cluster analysis and logistic regression. We used data from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey, a nationally representative household study of fertility, health, and mortality indicators among women aged 15 to 49 years. Our sample consisted of 2,966 currently partnered women at the time of the survey. Our results revealed that more than 60% of the women had experienced emotional intimate partner violence (IPV), of which controlling behaviors were the most prevalent form. The results showed that women empowerment in Zimbabwe is primarily characterized by economic empowerment, household bargaining power, and freedom of movement. At the same time, educational attainment, health decision-making, and attitudes toward gender-based violence had expected relatively weak empowerment effects. The results also revealed that economically empowered women were less likely to experience denigrating or threatening behaviors, whereas those who had high levels of freedom of movement had a lower risk of experiencing all forms of emotional IPV except for threatening behavior. These findings suggest that emotional IPV is a considerable societal problem in Zimbabwe, and interventions that increase economic empowerment and freedom of movement may reduce the risk. Future research studies may examine the likelihood of reverse causality between women empowerment and emotional IPV.

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