The Troya Zn-Pb Carbonate-Hosted Sedex Deposit, Northern Spain

Improving fertilizer nitrogen (N) use efficiency is essential to increase crop productivity and avoid environmental damage. This study was conducted during four crop cycles of winter wheat under humid Mediterranean conditions (Araba, northern Spain). The effects of N-fertilization splitting and the application of the nitrification inhibitors (NIs) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) as strategies to improve grain quality were examined. The hypothesis of this study was to test if the partial ammonium nutrition and the reduction of fertilizer losses presumably induced by the application of NIs can modify the grain gliadin and glutenin protein contents and the breadmaking quality (dough rheological properties). Among both NIs assayed, only DMPP showed a slight effect of decreasing the omega gliadin fraction, following splitting either two or three times, although this effect was dependent on the year and was not reflected in terms of dough extensibility. The slight decreases observed in grain quality in terms of dough strength and glutenin content induced by DMPP suggest that DMPSA is more promising in terms of maintaining grain quality. Nonetheless, these poor effects exerted by NI application on grain quality parameters did not lead to changes in the quality parameters defining the flour aptitudes for breadmaking.

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Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in northern Spain, 1999-2019: A population-based study

European Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ejim.2021.05.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raúl Fernández-Ramón ◽

Jorge J. Gaitán-Valdizán ◽

Lara Sánchez-Bilbao ◽

José L. Martín-Varillas ◽

David Martínez-López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Based ◽

Northern Spain ◽

Population Based Study

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Whole genome-based characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from ruminants

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88318-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Medelin Ocejo ◽

Beatriz Oporto ◽

José Luis Lavín ◽

Ana Hurtado

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Northern Spain ◽

Sequence Alignments ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Wide Range

AbstractCampylobacter, a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans, asymptomatically colonises the intestinal tract of a wide range of animals.Although antimicrobial treatment is restricted to severe cases, the increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern. Considering the significant contribution of ruminants as reservoirs of resistant Campylobacter, Illumina whole-genome sequencing was used to characterise the mechanisms of AMR in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli recovered from beef cattle, dairy cattle, and sheep in northern Spain. Genome analysis showed extensive genetic diversity that clearly separated both species. Resistance genotypes were identified by screening assembled sequences with BLASTn and ABRicate, and additional sequence alignments were performed to search for frameshift mutations and gene modifications. A high correlation was observed between phenotypic resistance to a given antimicrobial and the presence of the corresponding known resistance genes. Detailed sequence analysis allowed us to detect the recently described mosaic tet(O/M/O) gene in one C. coli, describe possible new alleles of blaOXA-61-like genes, and decipher the genetic context of aminoglycoside resistance genes, as well as the plasmid/chromosomal location of the different AMR genes and their implication for resistance spread. Updated resistance gene databases and detailed analysis of the matched open reading frames are needed to avoid errors when using WGS-based analysis pipelines for AMR detection in the absence of phenotypic data.

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Airborne Fungi in Show Caves from Southern Spain

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5027

Author(s):

Irene Dominguez-Moñino ◽

Valme Jurado ◽

Miguel Angel Rogerio-Candelera ◽

Bernardo Hermosin ◽

Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Airborne Fungi ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Ecological Indicator ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Northern Spain ◽

Pochonia Chlamydosporia ◽

The North ◽

Show Caves ◽

Characteristic Features

The aerobiology of caves in Southern Spain possesses special characteristics, different from caves located in Northern Spain. Previous studies demonstrated the influence of outdoor air on caves in the north and the existence of two different patterns, depending on the season. In summer there is an abundance of Ascomycota, whereas in winter Basidiomycota predominates, which are related to the periods of stagnation and ventilation, respectively. In caves in Southern Spain the presence of airborne Basidiomycota is scarce and Ascomycota represents the main group of fungi widely distributed across the caves in all seasons. The most characteristic features were the abundant presence of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Parengyodontium album, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Leptobacillium symbioticum, Leptobacillium leptobactrum) and Cladosporium cladosporioides in Cueva del Tesoro, Cueva de Ardales and Gruta de las Maravillas. However, the presence of yeasts of the genera Cutaneotrichosporon, Trichosporon, Cryptococcus, Naganishia, Cystobasidium, Microstroma and Phragmotaenium was exclusive to Gruta de las Maravillas. Fungal hazard in the three show caves were determined using an ecological indicator based on the concentration of spores in cave air.

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