scholarly journals Airborne Fungi in Show Caves from Southern Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5027
Author(s):  
Irene Dominguez-Moñino ◽  
Valme Jurado ◽  
Miguel Angel Rogerio-Candelera ◽  
Bernardo Hermosin ◽  
Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Pochonia Chlamydosporia ◽  
The North ◽  
Show Caves ◽  
Characteristic Features

The aerobiology of caves in Southern Spain possesses special characteristics, different from caves located in Northern Spain. Previous studies demonstrated the influence of outdoor air on caves in the north and the existence of two different patterns, depending on the season. In summer there is an abundance of Ascomycota, whereas in winter Basidiomycota predominates, which are related to the periods of stagnation and ventilation, respectively. In caves in Southern Spain the presence of airborne Basidiomycota is scarce and Ascomycota represents the main group of fungi widely distributed across the caves in all seasons. The most characteristic features were the abundant presence of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Parengyodontium album, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Leptobacillium symbioticum, Leptobacillium leptobactrum) and Cladosporium cladosporioides in Cueva del Tesoro, Cueva de Ardales and Gruta de las Maravillas. However, the presence of yeasts of the genera Cutaneotrichosporon, Trichosporon, Cryptococcus, Naganishia, Cystobasidium, Microstroma and Phragmotaenium was exclusive to Gruta de las Maravillas. Fungal hazard in the three show caves were determined using an ecological indicator based on the concentration of spores in cave air.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF SEA RADIANCE COEFFICIENT SPECTRA MEASURED REMOTELY IN COASTAL WATERS OF FIVE SEAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rostovtseva ◽  
Vera Rostovtseva ◽  
Igor Goncharenko ◽  
Igor Goncharenko ◽  
Dmitrii Khlebnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Constituents ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Baltic

Sea radiance coefficient, defined as the ratio of the sunlight reflected by the water bulk to the sunlight illuminating the water surface, is one of the most informative optical characteristics of the seawater that can be obtained by passive remote sensing. We got the sea radiance coefficient spectra by processing the data obtained in measurements from board a moving ship. Using sea radiance coefficient optical spectra it is possible to estimate water constituents concentration and their distribution over the aquatory of interest. However, thus obtained sea radiance coefficient spectra are strongly affected by weather and measurement conditions and needs some calibration. It was shown that practically all the spectra of sea radiance coefficient have some generic peculiarities regardless of the type of sea waters. These peculiarities can be explained by the spectrum of pure sea water absorption. Taking this into account a new calibration method was developed. The measurements were carried out with the portative spectroradiometers from board a ship in the five different seas: at the north-east coast of the Black Sea, in the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea, in the west part of the Aral Sea, in the Kara Sea with the Ob’ Bay and in the Philippine Sea at the coast of Taiwan. The new method of calibration was applied to the obtained spectra of the sea radiance coefficient that enabled us to get the corresponding absorption spectra and estimate the water constituents concentration in every region. The obtained concentration estimates were compared to the values obtained in water samples taken during the same measurement cycle and available data from other investigations. The revealed peculiarities of the sea radiance coefficient spectra in the aquatories under exploration were compared to the corresponding water content and some characteristic features were discussed.

Investigation on Eutrophication Level for Gucheng Lake by the Model of Butterfly Catastrophe

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2051-2056
Author(s):  
Hua Wang ◽  
Yi Yi Zhou ◽  
Feng Qiang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Membership ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
The South ◽  
Flood Season ◽  
The North ◽  
Gucheng Lake ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Membership Value ◽  
Water Eutrophication

Based on the field measured results in the typical periods of flood season and dry season of Gucheng Lake, the present eutrophication levels of the lake were investigated by the Model of Butterfly Catastrophe, in which series of the environmental factors were considered including the ecological indicator of chlorophylla, the nutrient indicator of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and the physical index of water transparency. The results showed that: the water eutrophication levels of Gucheng Lake were mal-distributed in space and time; the lake eutrophication tendency in flood seasons were more obvious than that in dry seasons; the eutrophication levels in the south part of the lake were relatively lower than that in the north and the average comprehensive mutation of fuzzy membership value in the south was about 0.3006 in the dry seasons. Due to the increased pollution load and the hydrodynamic conditions, the eutrophication degree in the estuary areas were higher and the fuzzy membership value was close to 0.235, achieving the medium eutrophication level.

scholarly journals The concurrence of Atmospheric Rivers and explosive cyclogenesis in the North Atlantic and North Pacific basins

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Eiras-Barca ◽  
Alexandre M. Ramos ◽  
Joaquim G. Pinto ◽  
Ricardo M. Trigo ◽  
Margarida L. R. Liberato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Water Vapour Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
The North ◽  
Explosive Cyclones ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Western Side

Abstract. The explosive cyclogenesis of extra-tropical cyclones and the occurrence of atmospheric rivers are characteristic features of baroclinic atmospheres, and are both closely related to extreme hydrometeorological events in the mid-latitudes, particularly on coastal areas on the western side of the continents. The potential role of atmospheric rivers in the explosive cyclone deepening has been previously analysed for selected case studies, but a general assessment from the climatological perspective is still missing. Using ERA-Interim reanalysis data for 1979–2011, we analyse the concurrence of atmospheric rivers and explosive cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic and North Pacific Basins for the extended winter months (ONDJFM). Atmospheric rivers are identified for almost 80 % of explosive deepening cyclones. For non-explosive cyclones, atmospheric rivers are found only in roughly 40 % of the cases. The analysis of the time evolution of the high values of water vapour flux associated with the atmospheric river during the cyclone development phase leads us to hypothesize that the identified relationship is the fingerprint of a mechanism that raises the odds of an explosive cyclogenesis occurrence and not merely a statistical relationship. This insight can be helpful for the predictability of high impact weather associated with explosive cyclones and atmospheric rivers.

scholarly journals A study of product strategy priorities at the small enterprises of the North-Alföld Region

2009 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Zoltán Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Product Positioning ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
The North ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Characteristic Features

Through a non-representative sample of the small enterprises of the North-Alföld Region, this paper studies the product strategic priorities enabling us to make a detailed typology of smallenterprises. According to the relevant technical literature, the types of small enterprises have typical strategic priorities. Obviously, each group can be characterised with certain strategicpriorities, which are sharply distinct from each other. These priority features are shown in the form of characteristic features in the enterprise’s marketing activities, market behaviour (product policy, innovation attitude, technology, price policy). This paper studies the enterprises of the sample through the role of production technology, material quality, low price and branding endeavours affecting product positioning.

The Dialectical Position of the Niya Prakrit

1936 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 419-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Burrow
Keyword(s):  
Third Century ◽  
North West ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
North Western

The “North-Western Prakrit” as Konow has called it is represented by the following documents.(1) The two versions of Aśoka's edicts preserved at Mansehra’ and Shahbazgarhi. At this stage many of the characteristic features of the language have not yet developed, e.g. śr > ṣ, śv > śp.(2) The later Kharoṣṭhi inscriptions, mostly short, collected by Konow in the second volume of the Corp. Inscr. Ind.(3) The Kharoṣṭhi manuscript of the Dhammapada discovered near Khotan (Manuscript Dutreuil du Rhins).(4) The Kharoṣṭhi documents from Niya, representing the administrative language of the Shan-Shan kingdom in the third century A.D. In the Journ. As., 1912, pp. 337 ff., J. Bloch examined the dialectical peculiarities of the Manuscript Dutreuil du Rhins and showed that they appeared in modern times in the languages of the North-West.

Verruca stroemia and Verruca spengleri (Crustacea: Cirripedia): distribution in the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo S. Young ◽  
Helmut Zibrowius ◽  
Ghazi Bitar
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Gorringe Bank

The geographic distribution of Verruca stroemia and V. spengleri are reviewed. Verruca stroemia ranges from the White, Barents, Norwegian, and North Seas south to Portugal to the Algarve and to Gorringe Bank. All of the records of this species from the Mediterranean Sea are considered to be V. spengleri. Verruca spengleri occurs in the Azores and Madeira archipelagos, in southern Spain (Cádiz), throughout the Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltar to Lebanon, and in the Black Sea. But a distinct deep-water Verruca species seems to occur in the deep Mediterranean.

scholarly journals The Maximum Length Record of the Blackspot Seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo Brünnich, 1768) for the Entire Aegean Sea and Turkish Territorial Waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2125-2130
Author(s):  
Şenol Paruğ ◽  
Özgür Cengiz
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Total Length ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Pagellus Bogaraveo

The maximum length, weight, and age information of organisms in an ecosystem, moreover, the first records of migrated exotic species are essential in terms of the basis for the studies on population dynamics, stock assessment, and biological activities. Therefore, the recording of such data may be necessary for scientific databases and new related studies. The Blackspot seabream (Red seabream - Pagellus bogaraveo), which belongs to the Sparidae family, is an important seafood which is marketed fresh and frozen around the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas. Nowadays, this species has high prices depending on market demands in domestic markets as a result of overfishing and is also cultured in northern Spain. It is classified as “Near Threatened Species” in the red list due to its decreasing population trend by the IUCN. A single specimen of the Blackspot seabream with 30.7 cm in total length and 390.00 g in total weight, which was angled in the Saros Bay with a handline by a fisherman on February 08, 2019, was obtained from a fishmonger in Çanakkale. Even though there are bigger individuals in the North-east Atlantic probably depending on polar and/or deep-sea gigantism, the mentioned measurement is the proven maximum total length of this species for the Aegean Sea up to the time.

Development of Quaternary travertines in the carbonate mountains of the western Costa del Sol, Málaga, southern Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Antonio Guerra-Merchán ◽  
Francisco Serrano ◽  
José M. García-Aguilar ◽  
José E. Ortiz ◽  
Trinidad Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The South ◽  
Amino Acid Racemization ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
The North

AbstractThe predominantly carbonate nature of the mountains near the coast of Málaga and Marbella (Costa del Sol, southern Spain) and the presence of springs have favored the formation of travertine buildups during the Quaternary. The geomorphic characteristics of the slopes and the location of the springs have determined the development of three types of travertine growths: (1) spring travertines, located preferentially on the south mountainside, where the slope is steepest; (2) pool-dam-cascade travertines, which form along the north and east edges, far from the carbonate relief and with a gentler slope; and (3) river-valley travertines, formed in the courses of the springs of any sector. Field observations combined with new amino acid racemization (AAR) dating of Helicidae gastropods show that most of the travertine formations are polyphasic and that their development was interrupted by stages of erosion and incision. Five stages of travertine development are evident, most of which are related to warm, moist episodes corresponding to marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 7, 5, 3, and 1, although local travertine growth also occurred during MIS 6 and during the transition from MIS 3 to 2.

Presence of the leech Placobdella costata in the south of the Iberian Peninsula

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Romero ◽  
Jesús Duarte ◽  
Lucía Narváez-Ledesma ◽  
Miguel Farfán ◽  
Raimundo Real
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
The North ◽  
Mauremys Leprosa ◽  
Fragmented Population

AbstractPlacobdella costata is a leech specific to freshwater turtle Emys orbicularis. Both genera are native to North America and have co-evolved and undergone dispersion through the Palearctic. The leech is present throughout the Mediterranean area, always associated with E. orbicularis. Their only known presence in the Iberian Peninsula is in the north and center of the peninsula. Here we present the first description of the leech in southern Spain (Andalusia) in association with a small fragmented population of fresh-water turtles in which E. orbicularis and Mauremys leprosa coexist. Unusually, the leech was found attached to the carapace of a male M. leprosa.

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