SPECTRUM OF DISEASE, MANAGEMENT, EFFICIENCY, CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOMES OF RETROVIRAL DISEASE PATIENTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (09) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Narmada Talasila ◽  
Amith S. Papatla ◽  
Ragini Thummanapally ◽  
Vasudha Bakshi ◽  
Hemanth Kumar B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Integrase Inhibitor ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Highly Active

HIV is a virus that targets and alters the immune system, increasing the risk and impact of other infections and diseases. Without treatment, the infection might progress to an advanced disease stage called AIDS. A prospective study was conducted for a period of 6 months in a tertiary care hospital with the sample size of 102 patients. A data collection form was taken, which includes the details of demographics date of visit to the hospital, diagnosis, past and current medication history. 102 Inpatients and Outpatients diagnosed with HIV were considered. For the management of HIV, 52 % of 2 NRTI and 1 NNRTI combination and 35 % of 2 NRTI and 1 integrase inhibitor combination were used. The drug usage pattern was found to be tenofovir 74.5 %, lamivudine 83.3 % and Efavirenz 50.9 %. The percentage of subjects with opportunistic infections was 66.6 % and, among these opportunistic infections, tuberculosis was found to be 47.05 %. The viral load after 6 months of ART was found to be undetectable in 95.09 % patients. The levels of CD4 counts were raised after initiation of the ART in 6 months of duration. The death rate was found to be 4.90 %. Due to highly active antiretroviral therapy and effi cient opportunistic infection management, the patients had elevated CD4 levels and undetectable viral load. Hence HAART is highly effi cient in management of HIV which ultimately improves the quality of life of patients.

Evaluating health-related wellbeing outcomes among outpatient adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the HAART era

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S Saunders ◽  
Robert W Burgoyne
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Clinical Changes

Quality of life (QoL) changes among 56 adult patients living with HIV/AID (PHA) were assessed following two years of care in which most had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The sample was stratified by initial disease stage; subjects were classified 'asymptomatic' if they had no HIV-related constitutional symptoms, 'symptomatic' if they had at least one symptom, and 'AIDS' if symptomatic with a history of opportunistic infections and/or CD4 count less than 200 cells/ µL. For the overall group, changes in mean QoL (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form-36 [SF-36]) ratings were non-significant, irrespective of initial disease stage or prior HAART exposure. Although overall there were health status improvements over the two-year period, clinical changes were generally unrelated to changes in QoL ratings. Patients with better immunologic/virologic outcomes showed slight improvements in mean QoL ratings, while those with poorer clinical outcomes showed slight deterioration. These within-group changes over time were statistically non-significant. The corresponding between-group differences in changes in SF-36 social and psychological dimensions were significant. Statistically significant differences among the three disease stage groups on a number of subscales at baseline (Physical Function, Body Pain, Vitality, Role Limitations due to Physical Problems) became non-significant (i.e. nullified) at follow-up. Significant increases in mean number of symptoms for the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups were not associated with two-year changes in QoL ratings. Overall, wellbeing was moderately stable over the two-year follow-up period, although somewhat affected by symptom changes and immunologic/virologic outcome. The study results contrast with pre-HAART longitudinal research, in which deterioration in all areas of QoL occurred.

An emerging severe leukoencephalopathy: is it due to HIV disease or highly active antiretroviral therapy?

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Rackstraw ◽  
Jeanette Meadway ◽  
James Bingham ◽  
Safa Al-Sarraj ◽  
Ian Everall
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Good Clinical Response ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Brain

We report an individual who had HIV-associated dementia, but a good clinical response to antiretroviral therapy, with a rising CD4 count and undetectable viral load. A severe leukoencephalopathy was noted at postmortem; however, no HIV immunopositive cells were found in the brain, suggesting that this new severe leukoencephalopathy is associated with immune reconstitution.

scholarly journals Aetiological Pattern of Vulvovaginal Infections in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic HIV Seropositive Women on Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Garg ◽  
Shukla Das ◽  
AG Radhika ◽  
Alpana Raizada ◽  
Vishal Gaurav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Asymptomatic Hiv

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes severe public health problems. Despite the use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), opportunistic infections remain a serious problem in HIV infection. HIV seropositive women are at a higher risk of acquiring Vulvovaginal Infections (VVI), compared to their HIV seronegative counterparts. Also, the large untreated asymptomatic populations remain a source for transmitting agent. Aim: To identify the occurrence of vaginitis in symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV seropositive women. Materials and Methods: HIV seropositive female patients (60 symptomatic and 60 asymptomatic for vulvovaginitis) in the reproductive age group of 18-60 years were screened for their vaginal flora in a tertiary care hospital in East Delhi, India. Wet mount, Gram stain, and culture were performed to screen the samples for vaginitis. Asymptomatic samples were processed to check for asymptomatic VVI. Nugent and Amsel’s score were calculated for Bacterial Vaginitis (BV), and Donders classification was used for Aerobic Vaginitis (AV). Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) was used for fungal cultures, and Fluconazole and Voriconazole sensitivity was tested. The descriptive analysis of compiled data with Chi-square tests where applicable to compare differences between proportions was done. Results: As per the Nugent's score, 90% of symptomatic and 86.66% asymptomatic HIV reactive females had BV. Nugent scoring was found to be a better diagnostic criterion for BV. AV was observed in 33.33% asymptomatic patients. Candida albicans (C.albicans)was the most common agent isolated from 68.75% of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) cases. Dual infection of BV and Candidiasis was reported to be 18.33% in symptomatic and 15% in asymptomatic HIV seropositive females. Conclusion: In the present study, despite Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), attendees manifested significantly with BV infection in both groups. VVC due to C. albicans was also predominant in both groups. Co-infection with BV and VVC was the highlight of this study as dual infections of BV and AV remain under-diagnosed as per Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) syndromic management protocols. The clinicians need to identify AV as a separate entity as treatment modalities are essentially different.

Interactions between highly active antiretroviral therapy and over-the-counter agents: a cautionary note

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e236655
Author(s):  
Jerome Federspiel ◽  
Melanie J Bukhari ◽  
Matthew M Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
In Pregnancy

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically lowered rates of mother-to-child HIV transmission among patients with access to treatment. Barriers to complete viral suppression increase rates of transmission, even with only low levels of viral replication. Here, we present the case of a pregnant patient who developed a detectable viral load in pregnancy, thought to be related to calcium supplement consumption or emesis while using a dolutegravir-based HAART regimen. Ultimately, with adjustments, the patient again reached an undetectable viral load and had an uncomplicated perinatal and neonatal outcome. We discuss new data on the use of dolutegravir in pregnancy and precautions for maintaining viral suppression while on antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy.

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