scholarly journals Total elbow arthroplasty for active primary tuberculosis of the elbow: a curious case of misdiagnosis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhakrishnan Pattu ◽  
Girinivasan Chellamuthu ◽  
Kumar Sellappan ◽  
Kamalanathan Chendrayan
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Biopsy ◽  
Total Elbow Arthroplasty ◽  
Elbow Arthroplasty ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Atypical Presentations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The incidence of musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB) is on the rise due to the current Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. Spine is the most common osseous site, followed by other joints. TB identified in the elbow accounts for 2%–5% of skeletal TB cases, which are secondary to pulmonary TB. Primary elbow TB is rare. We report a case of primary TB of the elbow which had a negative synovial biopsy. A 46-year-old right-hand dominant female patient with chronic pain and disability of the right elbow was diagnosed with chronic non-specific arthritis based on an arthroscopic synovial biopsy. The case was diagnosed retrospectively as active TB from bone cuts post total elbow arthroplasty (TEA). Anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) was given postoperatively for 12 months. The patient reported good functional outcomes at 3 years of follow-up. Such atypical presentations of osteoarticular TB are challenging to diagnose. Therefore, particularly in endemic areas, clinicians should be careful before excluding such a diagnosis even after a negative biopsy. Further research should investigate whether active TB of small joints such as the elbow can be treated with ATT, and early arthroplasty should be a focus of this research.

scholarly journals Keratoconjunctivitis associated with nevirapine toxicity in HIV pregnant woman

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Bety Yañez
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the treatment of choice for human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV-AIDS) patients. Severe side effects of these drugs have been described that produce generalized autoimmune blistering diseases, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN). These complications may seriously compromise the patient’s life or cause disabling consequences such as blindness. We describe a case of 21-year old female HIV patient with a CD4 count of 126 cells/microliter. Ten days post elective caesarean delivery she restarted HAART with nevirapine and developed TEN after approximately two weeks. Nevirapine was discontinued, but despite this, ocular surface disorder persisted. She presented severe bilateral keratoconjunctivitis that was treated with free tear substitutes, moxifloxacyn, and prednisolone acethate eye drops. At 2-month follow up her visual acuity without correction was 20/160 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left. She had bilateral moderate cicatricial keratoconjunctivitis and a central corneal leukoma in the right eye. Early treatment is important and should consist of preservative-free lubricants, and amniotic membrane transplantation to decrease the frequency of severe sequelae such as keratitis and corneal leukomas that will reduce the quality of life for these patients.

An Unusual Cause of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Erdol ◽  
A. Turk ◽  
R. Caylan
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Central Retinal Artery ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Purpose In patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), disturbances in the circulation of retinal vessels are mostly encountered at the microvascular level. Rarely observed large retinal vessel occlusions frequently affect retinal veins. Methods A 32-year-old woman was admitted to the authors' clinic with sudden loss of vision. Her clinical and ophthalmologic examinations and laboratory tests were carried out and the results were evaluated. Results The patient's history revealed a diagnosis of AIDS established 5 years ago. Her corrected visual acuity was limited to light perception in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye. There was afferent pupillary defect in the right eye. Posterior segment examination demonstrated central retinal artery occlusion in the right eye and cotton-wool spots in the left eye. The clinical examination and laboratory test results did not reveal any comorbid disease state that can contribute to this presentation. Conclusions As thrombi may develop in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, they should be closely followed up for the development of vasoocclusive disease.

scholarly journals Kaposi Sarcoma among HIV Infected Patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A 14-Year Retrospective Clinicopathological Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olakanmi Akinde ◽  
Omobolade Obadofin ◽  
Titilope Adeyemo ◽  
Oladipo Omoseebi ◽  
Nzechukwu Ikeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background.Despite the increased incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) resulting from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic, there is still significant underreporting of KS in this environment.Objectives.This study was aimed at determining the incidence and clinicopathologic patterns of KS among HIV infected patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria, over a 14-year period: January 2000 to December 2013.Methodology.The materials for this study included patients’ hospital clinical files, duplicate copies of histopathologic reports, and tissue blocks and corresponding archival slides in the Anatomic and Molecular Pathology Department and the HIV/AIDS unit of the Department of Haematology.Results.Within the study period, 182 cases of KS were diagnosed, accounting for 1.2% of all patients managed for HIV/AIDS and 2.99% of solid malignant tumours. The male-to-female ratio and modal age group were 1 : 1.3 and 5th decade, respectively. Most cases (90%) had purely mucocutaneous involvement with the lower limb being the commonest site (65.8%). The majority of lesions were plaques (65.8%). Vascular formation was the predominant histologic type seen (43.5%).Conclusion.KS in Lagos followed the same epidemiologic trend as other centers in Nigeria, with an increasing incidence in this era of HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Lectins as Promising Therapeutics for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV and Other Potential Coinfections

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Mazalovska ◽  
J. Calvin Kouokam
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Global Health Problem

Human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a global health problem. Current therapeutics specifically target the viral pathogen at various stages of its life cycle, although complex interactions between HIV and other pathogenic organisms are evident. Targeting HIV and concomitant infectious pathogens simultaneously, both by therapeutic regimens and in prevention strategies, would help contain the AIDS pandemic. Lectins, a ubiquitous group of proteins that specifically bind glycosylated molecules, are interesting compounds that could be used for this purpose, with demonstrated anti-HIV properties. In addition, potential coinfecting pathogens, including other enveloped viruses, bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and protozoa, display sugar-coated macromolecules on their surfaces, making them potential targets of lectins. This review summarizes the currently available findings suggesting that lectins should be further developed to simultaneously fight the AIDS pandemic and concomitant infections in HIV infected individuals.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of the AIDS Pandemic

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Baucom ◽  
Jeremy Bate ◽  
Shirley Ochoa ◽  
Ilidio Santos ◽  
Ayten Sergios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
World Health ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a bloodborne pathogen that targets the body’s immune system by attacking T cells. Having originated from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, the first confirmed case was discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the 1980s, the AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) pandemic began, and by the end of that decade, the World Health Organization reported the presence of HIV in 145 countries and nearly 400,000 cases worldwide. This rapid spread left the scientific community perplexed, and the general population scared. Our literature review explores which factors led to the rapid global spread of HIV. Through historical records and peer-reviewed articles, we sought to uncover and piece together practical applications to enhance understanding of the history and knowledge of potential dangers in the spread of future pandemics.

scholarly journals Pseudoaneurysms of large arteries associated with AIDS

1999 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eli Piccinato ◽  
Jesualdo Cherri ◽  
Takachi Moriya ◽  
Antônio Carlos Souza
Keyword(s):  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Femoral Prosthesis ◽  
Iliac Arteries ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
First Case ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Several vascular complications are known to occur in association with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and recent publications have called attention to the development of pseudoaneurysms of large arteries in patients with AIDS. CASE REPORT: We report on 2 patients with AIDS aged 23 and 31 years with pseudoaneurysms of the abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries. After clinical and radiological evaluation by arteriography and computed tomography, the patients were submitted to aneurysmectomy, with the placement of a patch of dacron in the first case and the interposition of a right aorto-iliac and left femoral prosthesis in the second. The second patient developed new aneurysms of the right subclavian and left popliteal arteries 2 months after surgery. Proximal ligation of the right subclavian artery was performed to treat the first aneurysm and resection and interposition of a reversed saphenous vein was carried out to treat the pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery. Histopathological examination of the popliteal artery revealed necrotizing arteritis.

scholarly journals A Tribute to Jonathan Mann: Health and Human Rights in the AIDS Pandemic

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health And Human Rights ◽  
International Program ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

It was a characteristically cold, bright morning in Geneva in 1986, and I had just taken the Number 8 bus from the Cornavin to the headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO). I wandered into a cluttered and cramped office filled with unopened boxes and scattered papers. Jonathan Mann and a competent Swiss secretary, Edith Bernard, had just moved in. Together, they alone constituted the WHO team that would mobilize the global effort against an emerging plague-the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Jonathan had recently come from Kinshasa where he led Projet SIDA, an innovative international program to reduce the already weighty burden of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Africa.

scholarly journals Retinal arterial plaques in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Pradeep Venkatesh ◽  
Harish Pathak ◽  
Satpal Garg
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Young Patient ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Arteriolar Narrowing ◽  
The Right ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Capillary Occlusion ◽  
Arterial Plaques

The authors report the unusual observation discrete plaque like excrescencies along the retinal arterial wall in a young patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Though bilateral, in the right eye there was severe arteriolar narrowing and so these plaques were less identifiable. Fluorescein angiography did not reveal any arteriolar occlusion or areas of capillary occlusion in both eyes. There were no other signs of HIV associated microangiopathy and the patient did not have any concurrent cardiovascular or hematological abnormality. The cause of these plaques remains unexplained and we conjecture that they could represent <em>macro</em> immunecomplex deposition along the arteriolar walls.

scholarly journals The activist health sciences librarian

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald (Jerry) Perry
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Personal Story ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Medical Library ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

At the remove of 2019, it is hard for many to imagine the sense of apocalypse that was palpable throughout the gay community during the 1980s and much of the 1990s. My professional career was launched at the height of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, and at the time, saving lives through librarianship was my mission. This Janet Doe Lecture presents my personal story of activism and advocacy as a lens through which to consider the larger story of activism around social justice issues for the Medical Library Association, by groups such as the Relevant Issues Section, now the Social Justice Section, and by the work of past Doe Lecturers Rachael K. Anderson, AHIP, FMLA, and Gerald Oppenheimer. It is also the story of an association that has at times been deeply conflicted about the role of such activism in our niche of librarianship. With anchors in poetry and prose, this is a story of hope through justice, conveying a message of the essentialness of our work as librarians and health information professionals to the mission of saving lives.

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