scholarly journals Lectins as Promising Therapeutics for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV and Other Potential Coinfections

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Mazalovska ◽  
J. Calvin Kouokam
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Global Health Problem

Human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a global health problem. Current therapeutics specifically target the viral pathogen at various stages of its life cycle, although complex interactions between HIV and other pathogenic organisms are evident. Targeting HIV and concomitant infectious pathogens simultaneously, both by therapeutic regimens and in prevention strategies, would help contain the AIDS pandemic. Lectins, a ubiquitous group of proteins that specifically bind glycosylated molecules, are interesting compounds that could be used for this purpose, with demonstrated anti-HIV properties. In addition, potential coinfecting pathogens, including other enveloped viruses, bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and protozoa, display sugar-coated macromolecules on their surfaces, making them potential targets of lectins. This review summarizes the currently available findings suggesting that lectins should be further developed to simultaneously fight the AIDS pandemic and concomitant infections in HIV infected individuals.

scholarly journals Anti-HIV activity of some natural phenolics

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Mohamed Amin El-Ansari ◽  
Lamyaa Fawzy Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamed Sharaf
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv

Summary Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an immunosuppressive disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The urgent need for searching novel anti-HIV/AIDS medicines is a global concern. So far, a lot of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been analyzed to select those that could assist in the prevention and/or amelioration of the disease. Among biologically active compounds present in these plants, one of the most promising group are phenolics. The purpose of this article was to report anti-HIV activity of selected phenolic compounds of plant origin.

scholarly journals Employing Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prophylactic & Therapeutic Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengchao Ding ◽  
Darshit Patel ◽  
Yunjing Ma ◽  
Jamie F. S. Mann ◽  
Jianjun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Despite the discovery that the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is the pathogen of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1983, there is still no effective anti-HIV-1 vaccine. The major obstacle to the development of HIV-1 vaccine is the extreme diversity of viral genome sequences. Nonetheless, a number of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 have been made and identified in this area. Novel strategies based on using these bNAbs as an efficacious preventive and/or therapeutic intervention have been applied in clinical. In this review, we summarize the recent development of bNAbs and its application in HIV-1 acquisition prevention as well as discuss the innovative approaches being used to try to convey protection within individuals at risk and being treated for HIV-1 infection.

scholarly journals Structure-Activity-Relationship and Mechanistic Insights for Anti-HIV Natural Products

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2070
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur ◽  
Pooja Sharma ◽  
Girish K. Gupta ◽  
Fidele Ntie-Kang ◽  
Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Hiv Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Made In

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which chiefly originatesfroma retrovirus named Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), has impacted about 70 million people worldwide. Even though several advances have been made in the field of antiretroviral combination therapy, HIV is still responsible for a considerable number of deaths in Africa. The current antiretroviral therapies have achieved success in providing instant HIV suppression but with countless undesirable adverse effects. Presently, the biodiversity of the plant kingdom is being explored by several researchers for the discovery of potent anti-HIV drugs with different mechanisms of action. The primary challenge is to afford a treatment that is free from any sort of risk of drug resistance and serious side effects. Hence, there is a strong demand to evaluate drugs derived from plants as well as their derivatives. Several plants, such as Andrographis paniculata, Dioscorea bulbifera, Aegle marmelos, Wistaria floribunda, Lindera chunii, Xanthoceras sorbifolia and others have displayed significant anti-HIV activity. Here, weattempt to summarize the main results, which focus on the structures of most potent plant-based natural products having anti-HIV activity along with their mechanisms of action and IC50 values, structure-activity-relationships and important key findings.

scholarly journals Kaposi Sarcoma among HIV Infected Patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A 14-Year Retrospective Clinicopathological Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olakanmi Akinde ◽  
Omobolade Obadofin ◽  
Titilope Adeyemo ◽  
Oladipo Omoseebi ◽  
Nzechukwu Ikeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background.Despite the increased incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) resulting from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic, there is still significant underreporting of KS in this environment.Objectives.This study was aimed at determining the incidence and clinicopathologic patterns of KS among HIV infected patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria, over a 14-year period: January 2000 to December 2013.Methodology.The materials for this study included patients’ hospital clinical files, duplicate copies of histopathologic reports, and tissue blocks and corresponding archival slides in the Anatomic and Molecular Pathology Department and the HIV/AIDS unit of the Department of Haematology.Results.Within the study period, 182 cases of KS were diagnosed, accounting for 1.2% of all patients managed for HIV/AIDS and 2.99% of solid malignant tumours. The male-to-female ratio and modal age group were 1 : 1.3 and 5th decade, respectively. Most cases (90%) had purely mucocutaneous involvement with the lower limb being the commonest site (65.8%). The majority of lesions were plaques (65.8%). Vascular formation was the predominant histologic type seen (43.5%).Conclusion.KS in Lagos followed the same epidemiologic trend as other centers in Nigeria, with an increasing incidence in this era of HIV/AIDS.

A Review on Quinoline Derived Scaffolds as Anti-HIV Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Chokkar ◽  
Sourav Kalra ◽  
Monika Chauhan ◽  
Raj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Quinolone Derivative ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv Agents ◽  
Anti Hiv

After restricting the proliferation of CD4+T cells, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), infection persists at a very fast rate causing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This demands the vigorous need of suitable anti-HIV agents, as existing medicines do not provide a complete cure and exhibit drawbacks like toxicities, drug resistance, side-effects, etc. Even the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) failed to combat HIV/AIDS completely. The major breakthrough in anti-HIV discovery was marked with the discovery of raltegravir in 2007, the first integrase (IN) inhibitor. Thereafter, the discovery of elvitegravir, a quinolone derivative emerged as the potent HIV-IN inhibitor. Though many more classes of different drugs that act as anti-HIV have been identified, some of which are under clinical trials, but the recent serious focus is still laid on quinoline and its analogues. In this review, we have covered all the quinoline-based derivatives that inhibit various targets and are potential anti-HIV agents in various phases of the drug discovery.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of the AIDS Pandemic

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Baucom ◽  
Jeremy Bate ◽  
Shirley Ochoa ◽  
Ilidio Santos ◽  
Ayten Sergios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
World Health ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a bloodborne pathogen that targets the body’s immune system by attacking T cells. Having originated from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, the first confirmed case was discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the 1980s, the AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) pandemic began, and by the end of that decade, the World Health Organization reported the presence of HIV in 145 countries and nearly 400,000 cases worldwide. This rapid spread left the scientific community perplexed, and the general population scared. Our literature review explores which factors led to the rapid global spread of HIV. Through historical records and peer-reviewed articles, we sought to uncover and piece together practical applications to enhance understanding of the history and knowledge of potential dangers in the spread of future pandemics.

scholarly journals A Tribute to Jonathan Mann: Health and Human Rights in the AIDS Pandemic

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health And Human Rights ◽  
International Program ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

It was a characteristically cold, bright morning in Geneva in 1986, and I had just taken the Number 8 bus from the Cornavin to the headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO). I wandered into a cluttered and cramped office filled with unopened boxes and scattered papers. Jonathan Mann and a competent Swiss secretary, Edith Bernard, had just moved in. Together, they alone constituted the WHO team that would mobilize the global effort against an emerging plague-the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Jonathan had recently come from Kinshasa where he led Projet SIDA, an innovative international program to reduce the already weighty burden of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Africa.

scholarly journals Advances in SIV/SHIV Non-Human Primate Models of NeuroAIDS

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Sonia Moretti ◽  
Sara Virtuoso ◽  
Leonardo Sernicola ◽  
Stefania Farcomeni ◽  
Maria Teresa Maggiorella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Relevant Model ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapies ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Human Primate

Non-human primates (NHPs) are the most relevant model of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and neuroAIDS, being of great importance in explaining the pathogenesis of HIV-induced nervous system damage. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/ Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV)-infected monkeys have provided evidence of complex interactions between the virus and host that include host immune response, viral genetic diversity, and genetic susceptibility, which may explain virus-associated central nervous system (CNS) pathology and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). In this article, we review the recent progress contributions obtained using monkey models of HIV infection of the CNS, neuropathogenesis and SIV encephalitis (SIVE), with an emphasis on pharmacologic therapies and dependable markers that predict development of CNS AIDS.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome dengan Sarkoma Kaposi

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Riry Febrina Ersha ◽  
Armen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Human Herpes Virus Type ◽  
Hiv Aids

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) yang menyebabkan suatu penyakit yang menyerang sel-sel kekebalan tubuh. Sebuah temuan baru yang mengarah pada pertumbuhan, isolasi dan karakterisasi dari sebuah virus herpes baru yang dikenal dengan kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) atau human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) dari lesi sarkoma kaposi (SK). Sarkoma kaposi adalah kanker yang berkembang dari sel-sel yang melapisi kelenjar getah bening atau pembuluh darah. Seseorang yang terinfeksi HIV mempunyai risiko 100 hingga 300 kali lebih sering terkena SK. Lesi awal SK-AIDS tampak sebagai makula keunguan berbentuk oval kecil yang berkembang dengan cepat menjadi plak dan nodul kecil, yang seringkali timbul di seluruh bagian tubuh dan memiliki kecenderungan mengalami progresivitas yang cepat. Telah dilaporkan kasus seorang laki-laki imunokompromais berusia 27 tahun datang dengan keluhan lemah letih lesu dan bentol-bentol berwarna merah keunguan di dada, perut, punggung dan belakang telinga sejak 3 bulan sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Pemeriksaan lebih lanjut menunjukkan adanya HIV-AIDS dengan TB paru, candidiasis oral dan sarkoma kaposi. Diagnosis pada pasien ini ditegakkan berdasarkan keluhan dan data klinis yaitu anti HIV positif dengan CD4 49 u/L dan biopsi kulit dengan hasil sesuai dengan gambaran sarkoma kaposi. Penatalaksanaan pada pasien ini yaitu dengan pemberian OAT kategori I, ARV dan anti jamur. Pemberian ARV yang adekuat untuk HIV-AIDS merupakan kunci dalam tatalaksana SK-AIDS.

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