scholarly journals A comparative Study of Survival Strategies used by the Aged in Rural and Urban Areas: A case of Chongwe and Lusaka Districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Hendrix Chama Chanda ◽  
Wanga W. Chakanika
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

For many years, studies to do with the aged and how they survive ‘economically’, were enshrined in mystery and stereotype. As a result of that, many old people in Zambia have been subjected to abuse and destitution; which is partially attributed to lack of systematic studies that would elucidate facts about the aged. It is for this reason that this study was instituted. The study comprised of 97 senior citizens who were purposively selected from Chongwe and Lusaka Districts. 84 senior citizens were subjected to a structured interview, while 13 participated in the two focus group discussions. Therefore, structured interview guides and two focus group discussions were used to collect data in Chongwe and Lusaka Districts. The study established that several types of survival strategies were used by the aged in rural and urban areas. The findings revealed that senior citizens in Chongwe and Lusaka Districts were involved in trade men and women. Others depended on their extended family members for support and care. This was the case for majority of the respondents from Chongwe District compared to their counterparts in Lusaka. There were a number of senior citizens who were also assisted financially and materially by local churches, charitable organizations and well wishers within and outside their communities. Although majority senior citizens were business men and women, their businesses, according to the finding, were not capital intensive, hence less lucrative. Consequently, majority senior citizens in the two Districts resorted to eating once or twice a day in order to conserve food for subsequent days. The situation was exacerbated further in Lusaka, as opposed to Chongwe, because senior citizens there had a lot of dependents. As a result and except for a few most of the aged scraped a living on less than a dollar per day in the two districts.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Agropolitan Program in Central Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Alfina Handayani ◽  
Rachman Jamal ◽  
Komalawati Komalawati ◽  
Budi Adi Kristanto
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Human Resource Capacity ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

Agropolitan has been considered a solution for minimizing urbanization and creating equitable development between rural and urban areas. It has been one of the programs mentioned in the spatial planning agendas of the Government of Central Java. In Central Java, agropolitan has been started in 2002 and has left many problems related to the implementation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the implementation of agropolitan in Central Java. The research was conducted from April to October 2019. This study uses purposive sampling in determining the sample of the performance of the agribusiness sub-terminal at that location. The research started by completing pre-surveys to gain a brief description of the study areas and agropolitan program. The research collected in-depth information about the agropolitan program through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with farmer respondents, traders, and officers involved in agropolitan activities. Data were analyzed using scoring factors and descriptive qualitative. The results showed that in terms of projects, the implementation of agropolitan activities was in a GOOD category, but it was in the MEDIUM category in terms of sustainability. Furthermore, lack of community involvement, support from local government, the unavailability of an exit strategy, and the inflexibility of STAs to sell different commodities were some problems encountered in the implementation and sustainability of the program. As agropolitan is still one of the priorities of the Central Java Government, it is recommended to involve all stakeholders in the whole stages of the program from planning to evaluation, optimize or reactivate the Agropolitan working group, develop an institution that could sustainably implement the programs and the facilities, as well as increase human resource capacity.

scholarly journals Socio-cultural beliefs influence feeding practices of mothers and their children in Grand Popo, Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yrence Urielle Amoussou Lokossou ◽  
Ayuk Betrand Tambe ◽  
Colette Azandjèmè ◽  
Xikombiso Mbhenyane
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions

Abstract Background Malnutrition is a major public health problem. It contributes to the high death rate among children in developing countries despite the various advocacies of institutions such as WHO and FAO and many other organisations. More research needs to be done in order to contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study was to explore socio-cultural practices and their influence on feeding practices of mothers and their children in Grand Popo, Benin. Methods A qualitative research methodology was used with an inductive approach. A pretested discussion guide was used to conduct focus group discussions with participants in their local language. Four focus group discussions were held in 4 villages located in both the rural and the semi-urban areas with each focus group comprising seven to eight participants. The study protocol was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed and translated to English. The data was analysed following the Creswell data analysis steps. Results All the children were breastfed, and 56.1% of children under 6 months received breast milk exclusively. Children were introduced to family foods at 5 months with very low consumption of animal protein and fruits. Mothers and children had monotonous diets with high consumption of vegetables and maize-based meals. Food taboos, particularly during pregnancy, were revealed. Those cultural beliefs were still followed by some mothers, and food rich in nutrients were pushed aside. Conclusions There is a need for educational interventions to raise awareness of the negative impacts of some socio-cultural practices on the health of the mother and child.

scholarly journals Factors Shaping Uptake of Antenatal Care in Surabaya Municipality, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jones ◽  
Nyoman Anita Damayanti ◽  
Nicola Wiseman ◽  
Neil Harris
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Return Visits

Five focus group discussions (FGDs) with 61 pregnant women were conducted in June and July 2019 at primary health care (PHC) services within five urban areas of Surabaya, Indonesia. In addition, five semi-structured interviews with five midwives were carried out to explore the experiences of pregnant women accessing Antenatal Care (ANC) and the factors shaping uptake of ANC services. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings from focus group discussions suggested that fears of negative diagnosis before initial ANC appointment and personal beliefs and myths surrounding pregnancy may delay uptake of ANC. Further, the influence of husbands, family, and friends and long waiting times with overcrowding leading to limited seating shaped timely access and return visits. In addition, feeling comfortable with the quality of the service and receiving a friendly service from the practitioners assisted women in feeling comfortable to return. Finally, midwives acknowledged feeling afraid of being referred to a hospital if deemed a high-risk pregnancy-shaped return ANC visits. The findings highlighted several factors needing to be addressed to increase the promptness of first ANC visits and ensure return visits to achieve great ANC coverage.

scholarly journals Perceptions and experiences of men and women towards acceptability and use of contraceptives in underserved areas of Karachi, Pakistan: A Midline Qualitative Assessment of Sukh Initiative, Karachi Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Saleem ◽  
Narjis Rizvi ◽  
Anam Feroz ◽  
Sayyeda Reza ◽  
Saleem Jessani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract Background: Family planning (FP) is an essential component of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and contributes directly to SDG targets 3.7 and 5.6. In Pakistan, contraceptive use has remained stagnant over the past 5 years. This change has been very slow when compared to the FP2020 pledge. The Sukh initiative project was conceived and implemented to alleviate these challenges by providing access to quality contraceptive methods in some underserved areas of Karachi, Pakistan. A qualitative study was been conducted to understand the perceptions and experiences of men and women towards acceptability and contraceptive use.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted at ten Sukh stations located in four towns of Karachi. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with Married Women of Reproductive Age (MWRA) and married men who received FP services through the Sukh initiative. Study participants were purposively sampled for focus group discussions (FGDs). Interview data was manually transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: A total of 20 FDGs(Men=10 FGDs; MWRA=10 FGDs) were conducted. Three overarching themes were identified: (I) Appropriateness and means to promote contraceptive use; (II) Equity and Accessibility to contraceptives; and (III) Perspective on available FP services. Generally, both men and women were informed about FP methods but women were more cognizant of FP information. The Door to Door services by community health workers in Sukh initiative areas was largely appreciated both by women and men as it has made the accessibility and availability of the information and services easy. Women suggested that the Sukh initiative should bring some strategies that can help men broaden their perspective towards FP. The study informed that the men feel left out from the FP programs. Therefore, male participants expressed keen interest in initiatives for men in their communities that would cater to their FP needs.Conclusions: This qualitative study provided a unique opportunity to understand the perceptions of men and women towards the phenomena of contraceptive use. The study identified the need for trained and qualified female and male healthcare providers and well-established health facilities alongside door-to-door services.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis and Its Correlation in Women of Rural and Urban Parts of Hoshiarpur (Punjab)

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajvir Kaur ◽  
Vijay Lakshami Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Prevalence Estimate ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of enormous disability in both the developed and developing world. The worldwide prevalence estimate for symptomatic OA is 9.6% among men and 18% among women. The present study was undertaken with the objectives: To estimate the prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) in women of rural and urban Hoshiarpur and to elucidate the correlates of KOA in women of rural and urban Hoshiarpur. The study was conducted in the rural and urban areas of district Hoshiarpur, Punjab (India) between August 2012-May 2013. The sample comprised of urban (200) and rural (200) females. A semi structured interview schedule was used to interview the study subjects. The prevalence was found to be high in urban area (21.5%). The prevalence of KOA was found to be increased with age and was also significantly associated with educational level and menopause. How to cite this article Kaur R, Sharma VL, Singh A. Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis and its Correlation in Women of Rural and Urban Parts of Hoshiarpur (Punjab). J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(1):32-36.

scholarly journals Determinants of drought risk coping mechanisms among the farmers of Northern region of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Kazi Shek Farid ◽  
Nishith Zahan Tanny ◽  
Md Wakilur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Ex Post

Drought is a major constraint on agricultural production and livelihood in the north-western region of Bangladesh. An understanding of the effects of drought and farmers’ coping mechanisms is essential in designing technological and policy interventions for effective drought mitigation. The current study investigates the impacts of drought, examines farmers’ coping strategies for drought induced crop failure and the determinants of their mechanism choices by employing both quantitative and qualitative approach.  Multiple data sources, including semi-structured interview survey with 218 randomly selected farmers; and four focus group discussions with farmers, local leaders, NGO workers, and government officials were used to capture various aspects of drought risks and coping practices.  ‘Multinomial logit’ model was adopted to analyze the factors affecting the decision of coping strategies in response to drought. Results of farm household survey data indicates that the respondents experienced 3.15 droughts on an average in last five years which affected about 15 percent of their crop land and resulted more than 17 percent crop loss per year. Focus group discussions confirm that farmers followed various traditional ex ante and ex post coping strategies in order to avoid crop loss and minimize livelihood constraints.  The coping mechanisms mostly adopted by farmers among others were borrowing money, cultivating less water consuming crops and cutting meals.  Findings of multinomial logistic regression model reveal that the environment determinant of the choices of coping options was frequency of drought and main socio-economic determinants of coping choices were crop loss due to drought and land holding systems. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 58–64, March 2019

scholarly journals Smoke-Free Men: Competing and Connecting to Quit

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan L. Bottorff ◽  
John L. Oliffe ◽  
Gayl Sarbit ◽  
Paul Sharp ◽  
Mary T. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Interview Guide

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore gender-related factors that motivate and support men’s smoking reduction and cessation to inform effective men-centered interventions. Approach or Design: Focus group design using a semi-structured interview guide. Setting: Three communities in British Columbia, Canada. Participants: A total of 56 men who currently smoked and were interested in reducing or quitting or had quit. Intervention: N/A. Methods: Data collected in 6 focus group discussions were transcribed and analyzed in accord with principles of thematic qualitative methods. Results: We report the results across 4 interconnected themes: (1) the fight to quit takes several rounds, (2) the motivation of supportive competition, (3) challenges and benefits of connecting with smoke-free peers, and (4) playing up the physical and financial gains. Conclusions: Masculine-based perspectives positioned quitting alongside fighting for self-control, competing, connecting, physical prowess, and having extra cash as motivating components of programs to engage men in efforts to be smoke-free. It may be worthwhile to consider the inclusion of gain-framed and benefit-focused messaging in programs that support men’s tobacco cessation.

scholarly journals Bridging Different Realities - a Qualitative Study on Patients’ Experiences of Preoperative Care for Benign Hysterectomy and Opportunistic Salpingectomy in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Collins ◽  
Maria Lindqvist ◽  
Ingrid Mogren ◽  
Annika Idahl
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Opportunistic Salpingectomy

Abstract BackgroundHysterectomy is a common procedure worldwide and removing healthy fallopian tubes at the time of hysterectomy (opportunistic salpingectomy) to possibly prevent ovarian cancer is increasing in frequency, but still controversial. The experiences and perceptions of women, eligible for the procedure, have not been previously investigated.This study aims to, among women waiting to undergo hysterectomy, explore i) experiences and perceptions of self and healthcare in relation to their elective surgery, ii) perceptions of risks and benefits of hysterectomy, including opportunistic salpingectomy.MethodsA qualitative study, with focus group discussions including women < 55 years, planned for hysterectomy with ovarian preservation, was performed. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling from six gynecological departments in different parts of Sweden, including both country and university hospitals. Focus group discussions were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by qualitative manifest and latent content analysis.ResultsTwenty-one Swedish-speaking women participated. They were 40-53 years of age, reported varying educational levels, countries of birth and indications for hysterectomy. Analysis rendered a theme “Bridging different realities” over four categories: “Being a woman today”, “Experiencing and managing body failure”, “Navigating the healthcare system” and “Processing continuously until surgery”, including 17 subcategories. The participants displayed varying attitudes towards the significance of their uterus in being a woman. A vague understanding of their body was described, leading to fear related to the reasons for surgery as well as surgery itself. Participants described difficulties understanding and recalling information but also stated that insufficient information was provided. Perceptions of the risks and benefits of opportunistic salpingectomy varied. Involvement in decisions regarding the hysterectomy and potential opportunistic salpingectomy was perceived to be dependent on the counselling gynecologist.ConclusionsThe theme Bridging different realities captures the complexity of women deciding on removal of their uterus, and possibly fallopian tubes. It also describes the women’s interactions with healthcare and perceived difference between the health professionals and the women’s perception of the situation, as viewed by the women. Bridging the different realities faced by patients is required to enable shared decision-making, through sufficient support from healthcare.

scholarly journals Bridging different realities - a qualitative study on patients experiences of preoperative care for benign hysterectomy and opportunistic salpingectomy in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Collins ◽  
Maria Lindqvist ◽  
Ingrid Mogren ◽  
Annika Idahl
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Opportunistic Salpingectomy

Abstract Background Hysterectomy is a common procedure worldwide and removing healthy fallopian tubes at the time of hysterectomy (opportunistic salpingectomy) to possibly prevent ovarian cancer is increasing in frequency, but still controversial. The experiences and perceptions of women, eligible for the procedure, have not been previously investigated.This study aims to, among women waiting to undergo hysterectomy, explore i) experiences and perceptions of self and healthcare in relation to their elective surgery, ii) perceptions of risks and benefits of hysterectomy, including opportunistic salpingectomy.Methods A qualitative study, with focus group discussions including women < 55 years, planned for hysterectomy with ovarian preservation, was performed. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling from six gynecological departments in different parts of Sweden, including both country and university hospitals. Focus group discussions were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by qualitative manifest and latent content analysis. Results Twenty-one Swedish-speaking women participated. They were 40-53 years of age, reported varying educational levels, countries of birth and indications for hysterectomy. Analysis rendered a theme “Bridging different realities” over four categories: “Being a woman today”, “Experiencing and managing body failure”, “Navigating the healthcare system” and “Processing continuously until surgery”, including 17 subcategories. The participants displayed varying attitudes towards the significance of their uterus in being a woman. A vague understanding of their body was described, leading to fear related to the reasons for surgery as well as surgery itself. Participants described difficulties understanding and recalling information but also stated that insufficient information was provided. Perceptions of the risks and benefits of opportunistic salpingectomy varied. Involvement in decisions regarding the hysterectomy and potential opportunistic salpingectomy was perceived to be dependent on the counselling gynecologist. Conclusions The theme Bridging different realities captures the complexity of women deciding on removal of their uterus, and possibly fallopian tubes. It also describes the women’s interactions with healthcare and perceived difference between the health professionals and the women’s perception of the situation, as viewed by the women. Bridging the different realities faced by patients is required to enable shared decision-making, through sufficient support from healthcare.

scholarly journals Perceptions and experiences of men and women towards acceptability and use of contraceptives in underserved areas of Karachi, Pakistan: A Midline Qualitative Assessment of Sukh Initiative, Karachi Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Saleem ◽  
Narjis Rizvi ◽  
Anam Feroz ◽  
Sayyeda Reza ◽  
Saleem Jessani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract Background: Family planning (FP) is an essential component of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and contributes directly to SDG targets 3.7 and 5.6. In Pakistan, contraceptive use has remained stagnant over the past 5 years. This change has been very slow when compared to the FP2020 pledge. The Sukh initiative project was conceived and implemented to alleviate these challenges by providing access to quality contraceptive methods in some underserved areas of Karachi, Pakistan. A qualitative study was conducted to understand the perceptions and experiences of men and women towards acceptability and contraceptive use.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted at ten Sukh stations located in four towns of Karachi. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with Married Women of Reproductive Age (MWRA) and married men who received FP services through the Sukh initiative. Study participants were purposively sampled for focus group discussions (FGDs). Interview data was manually transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: A total of 20 FDGs (Men=10 FGDs; MWRA=10 FGDs) were conducted. Three overarching themes were identified: (I) Appropriateness and means to promote contraceptive use; (II) Equity and Accessibility to contraceptives; and (III) Perspective on available FP services. Generally, both men and women were informed about FP methods but women were more cognizant of FP information. The Door to Door services by community health workers in Sukh initiative areas was largely appreciated both by women and men as it has made the accessibility and availability of the information and services easy. Women suggested that the Sukh initiative should bring some strategies that can help men broaden their perspective towards FP. The study informed that the men feel left out from the FP programs. Therefore, male participants expressed keen interest in initiatives for men in their communities that would cater to their FP needs.Conclusions: This qualitative study provided a unique opportunity to understand the perceptions of men and women towards the phenomena of contraceptive use. The study identified the need for trained and qualified female and male healthcare providers and well-established health facilities alongside door-to-door services.

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