scholarly journals Anormalidades da formação cerebral e os transtornos de desenvolvimento neural

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-23
Author(s):  
Júlio Fernandes Leite ◽  
Umberto Euzebio
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mental Disability ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
School Work ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

Transtornos do desenvolvimento neural constituem um grupo bastante diverso de problemas identificáveis clinicamente, que decorrem de perturbações do desenvolvimento neurológico, manifestam-se desde a infância, mesmo que sejam reconhecidos somente mais tarde, são persistentes, geram algum grau de limitação seja na capacidade de aprendizagem, na comunicação, ou na interação social, o que produz reflexos na vida escolar, laboral ou outras áreas da vida. Os principais transtornos do desenvolvimento neural são o transtorno do espectro autista (autismo), a deficiência intelectual (retardo mental ou deficiência mental), o transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH), a epilepsia dos transtornos do desenvolvimento, a dislexia do desenvolvimento, a discalculia do desenvolvimento, a gagueira do desenvolvimento e a paralisia cerebral. Os transtornos do desenvolvimento neural podem ter diversas causas, genéticas e não genéticas (ambientais), e muitas vezes ambas contribuem para a ocorrência do transtorno. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender os mecanismos envolvidos na origem dos transtornos de desenvolvimento neural durante a formação cerebral a partir de trabalhos da base de dados do índice Medline.   Neurodevelopmental disorders are a very diverse group of clinically identifiable disorders that result from derangement of neural development, they are persistent and manifest from childhood, even if they are only recognized later, and generate some degree of limitation in the learning capacity, communication, or social interaction, which produces reflexes in school, work or other areas of life. The main neurodevelopmental disorders are autism spectrum disorder (autism), intellectual disability (mental retardation or mental disability), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental epilepsy, developmental dyslexia, developmental dyscalculia, developmental stuttering and cerebral palsy. Neurodevelopmental disorders may have several causes, genetic and non-genetic (environmental), and often both act simultaneously. The aim of this work is to understand the mechanisms involved in the origin of neural development disorders during brain formation based on words from the Medline index database.   

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus Infection in Infancy May Increase the Risk of Subsequent Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Childhood

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Chien-Heng Lin ◽  
I.-Ching Chou ◽  
Inn-Chi Lee ◽  
Syuan-Yu Hong
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Life Threatening

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus, and CMV-associated diseases range from mild illness in immunologically normal hosts to life-threatening diseases in newborns and immunocompromised children. This study investigated the association between childhood CMV infection and subsequent epilepsy or neurodevelopmental disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A retrospective analysis was performed on data for 69 children with confirmed CMV infections (CMV infection group) and 292 patients with other infections (control group) between 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2012. The results indicated that the CMV infection group had a higher risk of epilepsy in comparison to the control (odds ratio (OR), 16.4; 95% CI (confidence interval), 3.32–80.7; p = 0.001). Epilepsy risk increased in younger children (age 0–2) with CMV infection when compared to the control group (OR, 32.6; 95% CI, 3.84–276; p = 0.001). The ASD risk was also determined to be higher in the CMV infection group (OR, 17.9; 95% CI, 1.96–162; p = 0.01). The ADHD risk between the groups was not significant. This study suggests that CMV infection in infancy may increase the risk of subsequent epilepsy and ASD, especially in infants younger than 2 years, but is not associated with ADHD.

scholarly journals Main Needs and Challenges of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

PRILOZI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Tatjana Zorcec ◽  
Nada Pop-Jordanova
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
School Work ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Adults With Asd

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of complex lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized with symptoms related to the difficulty of communication and interaction with other people, as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. These symptoms affects the person’s ability to function properly in school, work, and other areas of life.For better understanding the needs and challenges of families the survey developed by Autism Speaks in collaboration with the National Coordinators for Autism from nine Balkan countries was established. The aim of this research is to obtain an overview of some important data for children with some form of autistic disorder.The same questionnaire was used in two different periods of time (during 2015 and at the beginning of 2020) including samples of 60 and 140 parents respectively.The questionnaire comprises 57 questions in the following four domains: demographic characteristics, index child characteristics, service encounters and parent/caregiver perceptions. Results are compared and discussed.The survey results underscore that parents and families of children with ASD in our country carry a heavy burden. They face significant financial difficulties and need improved services from the health, educational and social sectors.It was concluded that there is a critical need to strengthen national capacity in caring for children, young people and adults with ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental disorder in dsm-5 from manual to clinical practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Turki Homod Albatti
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Intellectual Developmental Disorder

The new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) has a number of changes to what used to be disorders first diagnosed in childhood or infancy. This lecture outlines some of the major changes to these   conditions. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), the publisher of the DSM-5, this chapter from the DSM-IV has been superseded by a new chapter entitled, ‘Neurodevelopmental Disorders’ The new chapter includes intellectual  disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder), communication disorders, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Specific learning disorder and motor disorders. The Neurodevelopmental Disorders section replaces the   outmoded term mental retardation with intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) and defines levels of severity based on adaptive functioning and not IQ scores. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is newly placed in the Neurodevelopmental Disorders section in DSM-5, whereas it was classified with disruptive behavior disorders in DSMIV. The biggest change in the Neurodevelopmental Disorders section in DSM-5 is the creation of a new category, Autism Spectrum Disorder, along with the elimination of the DSMIV diagnostic  category Pervasive Developmental Disorder and its subgroupings. ASD is characterized by deficits in two core domains instead of three as in DSMIV. other changes will be explain.

scholarly journals Lessons learned: Engaging culturally diverse families in neurodevelopmental disorders intervention research

Autism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison B Ratto ◽  
Bruno J Anthony ◽  
Cara Pugliese ◽  
Rocio Mendez ◽  
Jonathan Safer-Lichtenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Low-income and ethnic minority families continue to face critical disparities in access to diagnostic and treatment services for neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Despite the growing cultural diversity of the United States, ethnic minority children and families continue to be substantially underrepresented across research on neurodevelopmental disorders, and there is a particularly concerning lack of research on the treatment of these conditions in low-income and ethnic minority communities. Of note, there are currently no published studies on adapting autism spectrum disorder treatment for low-income Latino communities and relatively few studies documenting adapted treatments for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in these communities. This article describes methodological considerations and adaptations made to research procedures using a Diffusion of Innovation framework in order to effectively recruit and engage low-income, ethnic minority, particularly Latino, families of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, in a comparative effectiveness trial of two school-based interventions for executive dysfunction.

Endocrine Insights into the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 107385842095204
Author(s):  
Hayley A. Wilson ◽  
Carolyn Creighton ◽  
Helen Scharfman ◽  
Elena Choleris ◽  
Neil J. MacLusky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Glucocorticoid Hormones ◽  
The Brain

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a class of neurodevelopmental disorders that affects males more frequently than females. Numerous genetic and environmental risk factors have been suggested to contribute to the development of ASD. However, no one factor can adequately explain either the frequency of the disorder or the male bias in its prevalence. Gonadal, thyroid, and glucocorticoid hormones all contribute to normal development of the brain, hence perturbations in either their patterns of secretion or their actions may constitute risk factors for ASD. Environmental factors may contribute to ASD etiology by influencing the development of neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems during early life. Emerging evidence suggests that the placenta may be particularly important as a mediator of the actions of environmental and endocrine risk factors on the developing brain, with the male being particularly sensitive to these effects. Understanding how various risk factors integrate to influence neural development may facilitate a clearer understanding of the etiology of ASD.

scholarly journals Sensory gating in neurodevelopmental disorders: A scoping review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Schulz ◽  
Kara Elise Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Sensorimotor gating issues have been commonly reported in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, childhood-onset fluency disorder, and tic disorders. This review aims to explore the current understanding of sensorimotor gaiting in neurodevelopmental disorders as a possible transdiagnostic mechanism. We will apply methods according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. We will follow the population, concept, and context scoping review eligibility criteria. Our population of interest includes individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, childhood onset fluency disorder, and tic disorders as well as individuals from the general population who display traits associated with the disorders of interest. The concept of interest is sensorimotor gating defined as the automatic process of filtering out redundant or unnecessary sensory stimuli from environment. Finally, the context of this review is limited to human studies. Using a comprehensive search strategy in five relevant research databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Scopus), we will search for relevant primary research articles and reviews that have been peer reviewed. Two independent reviewers will screen the titles and abstracts, full texts, and complete data extraction. Descriptive analyses will be used to summarize the characteristics and outcomes of all identified studies.

Conceptualizing neurodevelopmental disorders as networks: Promises and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristien Hens ◽  
Kris Evers ◽  
Johan Wagemans
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Target Article

AbstractThe target article by Borsboom et al. proposes network models as an alternative to reductionist approaches in the analysis of mental disorders, using mood disorders such as depression and anxiety as examples. We ask how this framework can be applied to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Specifically, we raise a number of promises and challenges when conceptualizing neurodevelopmental disorders as networks.

scholarly journals Commentary on… the overlapping and distinct resting functional connectivity between autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 (06) ◽  
pp. 345-346
Author(s):  
Chirag Mehra ◽  
Michael Absoud
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

SummaryAltered neural connectivity in neurodevelopmental disorders is likely subtle, meaning that neuroimaging literature studying development has produced heterogeneous findings. A recent study, published in this issue, illustrates the translational potential of functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging findings as a biomarker for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Importantly, it highlights the overlap between disorders, emphasising the need for transdiagnostic and dimensional approaches in neurodevelopment.Declaration of interestNone.

Differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Heyman ◽  
Megan Ledoux Galligan ◽  
Giselle Berenice Salinas ◽  
Elizabeth Baker ◽  
Jan Blacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Educational Placement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Purpose Professionals working with community populations are often presented with complicated cases where it is difficult to determine which diagnosis or diagnoses are appropriate. Differentiating among neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability can be a complex process, especially, as these disorders have some overlapping symptoms and often co-occur in young children. This series of case studies aims to present commonly overlapping symptoms in children who present to clinics with developmental concerns. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents three case studies that were completed at a free community ASD screening clinic in Southern California. Findings The case studies have common presenting behaviors and symptoms (e.g. social communication difficulties) that often co-occur across diagnoses; explanations for the final diagnoses are given in each case. Research limitations/implications Conclusions from these three cases cannot generalize to all children being seen in clinics for neurodevelopmental concerns. Practical implications This series of case studies highlights commonly overlapping symptoms in children who present for differential diagnosis with social and/or behavioral concerns. Implications for educational placement and intervention are discussed. Social implications These cases highlight the challenges involved in the differential and dual diagnostic process for young children with developmental concerns. Diagnostic considerations can affect later educational placement and opportunities for socialization. Originality/value This series of case studies provide practical information for clinicians about how to effectively differentiate between commonly occurring neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly given recent changes to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition (DSM-5).

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