scholarly journals Green Fodder Production and Water Use Efficiency of Some Forage Crops under Hydroponic Conditions

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazi N. Al-Karaki ◽  
M. Al-Hashimi
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

The objectives of this study were to evaluate five forage crops (alfalfa (Medicago sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and wheat (Triticum aestivum)) for green fodder production and water use efficiency under hydroponic conditions. The experiment has been conducted under temperature-controlled conditions (24 ± 1°C) and natural window illumination at growth room of Soilless Culture Laboratory, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain. The results showed that green forage can be produced in 8 days from planting to harvest using hydroponic technique. Highest values for green fresh yields were recorded for the crops cowpea, barley, and alfalfa which gave 217, 200, and 194 tons/ha, respectively. However, only cowpea and barley crops gave the highest green dry yield, but not alfalfa. Barely crop used water more efficiently than the other four tested crops when produced about 654 kg fresh matter/m3 water in comparison to 633, 585, 552, and 521 kg fresh matter/m3 water for cowpea, sorghum, wheat, and alfalfa, respectively. No significant differences between barley and cowpea for water use efficiency were noted. It can be concluded from this study that barley crop can be considered the best choice for production of hydroponic green fodder with less water consumption.

scholarly journals Water-Use Efficiency of Forage Crops in the Southeastern United States

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1377
Author(s):  
Christine H. Gelley ◽  
Amanda J. Ashworth ◽  
Patrick D. Keyser ◽  
Renata L. G. Nave ◽  
Justin D. Rhinehart
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Eastern Gamagrass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Preparing agricultural producers to cope with volatile weather changes, specifically drought, requires a better understanding of forage water-use efficiency (WUE) potentials. Options to improve farm resiliency to drought may include the use of C4 annual and perennial forages, which have greater production efficiency during drought than commonly used C3 forages. Our objective was to measure WUE through real-time gas exchange measurements of photosynthesis and transpiration in (1) a greenhouse study and (2) under field-grazing conditions. Growth parameters, instantaneous water use efficiency (iWUE), and mass-based WUE (mWUE) data were collected under greenhouse conditions in Study 1 for the following species: crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis cv. ‘Red River’), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum cv. ‘Alamo’), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii cv. ‘OZ-70’), indiangrass (Sorghastum nutans cv. ‘Rumsey’), eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides cv. ‘Pete’), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon cv. ‘Vaughn’s #1’), sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) × Sorghum sudanese (P.) cv. ‘Greengrazer’), and tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort). Study 2 occurred from 2014 to 2016, and evaluated iWUE of crabgrass, switchgrass, bermudagrass, eastern gamagrass, and a big bluestem/indiangrass mix under field conditions. Overall, in situ iWUE of crabgrass, switchgrass, eastern gamagrass, and bermudagrass did not differ, while iWUE of the big bluestem/indiangrass was less than switchgrass and crabgrass, an advantage for these species if the standardized precipitation index drops below zero. Bermudagrass, switchgrass, sorghum-sudangrass, pearl millet, and indiangrass had comparable mWUE values under greenhouse-simulated drought. These results will aid in the development of forage species recommendations for mitigating drought and improving resiliency.

Comparative forage yield, water use, and water use efficiency of alfalfa, crested wheatgrass and spring wheat in a semiarid climate in southern Saskatchewan

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Jefferson ◽  
Herb W. Cutforth
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Use Efficiency

Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are introduced forage species used for hay and grazing by cattle across western Canada. These species are well adapted to the semiarid region but their long-term responses to water stress have not been previously compared. Two alfalfa cultivars with contrasting root morphology (tap-rooted vs. creeping-rooted) and two crested wheatgrass (CWG) cultivars with different ploidy level (diploid vs. tetraploid) were compared with continuously cropped spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for 6 yr at a semiarid location in western Canada. Soil water depletion, forage yield, water use efficiency, leaf water potential, osmotic potential and turgor were compared. There were no consistent differences between cultivars within alfalfa or CWG for variables measured. However, these two species exhibit different water stress response strategies. Leaf water potential of CWG was lower during midday stress period than that of alfalfa or wheat. Alfalfa apparently had greater capacity to osmotically adjust to avoid midday water stress and maintain higher turgor. Soil water use patterns changed as the stands aged. In the initial years of the trial, forage crops used soil water from upper layers of the profile. In later years, soil water was depleted down to 3 m by alfalfa and to 2 m by crested wheatgrass. Alfalfa was able to deplete soil water to lower concentrations than crested wheatgrass or wheat. Soil water depletion by wheat during the non-active growth season (after harvest to fall freeze-up) was much less than for CWG or alfalfa as expected for annual vs. perennial crops. As a result, more soil water was available to wheat during its active growth period. In the last 3 yr, the three species depleted all available soil water. Forage yield responses also changed over time. In the initial 3 yr, crested wheatgrass yielded as much as or more than alfalfa. For the last 3 yr of the experiment, alfalfa yielded more forage than crested wheatgrass. Forage crops deplete much more soil water during periods of aboveground growth dormancy than wheat. Water use efficiency of crested wheatgrass declined with stand age compared with fertilized continuous spring wheat. Alfalfa exhibited deep soil water extraction and apparent osmotic adjustment in response to water stress while CWG exhibited tolerance of low water potential during stress. Key words: forage yield, soil water, water potential, water use, water use efficiency, drought

scholarly journals Influence of Mulching on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Perennial Forage Crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 792-800
Author(s):  
Himangshu Das ◽  
Champak Kumar Kundu ◽  
Asis Mukherjee ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar ◽  
Pintoo Bandopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Crescimento e produção do jambu submetido a lâminas de irrigação

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Duane Corrêa Gaia ◽  
Italo Marlone Gomes Sampaio ◽  
Mariele dos Santos Araújo ◽  
Jéssica Mariana Coelho Magalhães ◽  
Raquel Giseli Assis Rosário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study evaluated the effect that different irrigation depths have on the growth and crop production of jambu plants. The treatments consisted of five irrigation depths corresponding to 40%, 70%, 100%, 130% and 160% of field capacity. We used randomized blocks with four replications for the experimental design. The plot consisted of four plants in separate pots. For comparison of treatments, at 27 days after transplantation, the following variables were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, leaf fresh matter, stalk fresh matter, root fresh matter, inflorescence fresh matter, leaf dry matter, stalk dry matter, root dry matter, inflorescence dry matter and water use efficiency. The effect of irrigation depth was significant for the analyzed variables, except for stem diameter and inflorescence dry matter. There was a quadratic behavior of the variables regarding the applied irrigation depths. The maximum values of each parameter were obtained with irrigation depths close to 100% field capacity. Although the efficiency of water use was higher for the irrigation depth of 40% field capacity, the use of irrigation depth at 100% field capacity is recommended since it provided the best answers of the variables analyzed.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE UM CONJUNTO DE LISÍMETROS COM UMA CULTURA DE MILHO (Zea mays L).

Irriga ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Mariana De Campos Fraga Soares ◽  
Antonio Evaldo Klar
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Class A ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Class A Pan

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE UM CONJUNTO DE LISÍMETROS COM UMA CULTURA DE MILHO (Zea mays L).  Mariana de Campos Fraga SoaresAntônio Evaldo Klar*Depart. de Eng. Rural – FCA – UNESP – CP 237 – CEP 18.603-970 – Botucatu/SPFone: (0xx14) 6802-7185 - [email protected]*Pesquisador Científico do CNPq 1 RESUMO O presente trabalho foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas -  UNESP, Botucatu/SP, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de um conjunto de lisímetros de lençol freático constante. Como instrumentos para avaliação, comparou-se o desenvolvimento da cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) em diferentes profundidades do lençol freático (50cm, 60cm, 70cm e 80cm com duas repetições) e área de bordadura. Estimou-se a evapotranspiração de referência pelo método de Penman-FAO e pelo tanque classe APara avaliação do desenvolvimento da cultura do milho foram coletadas quinzenalmente medidas de altura e área foliar e, ao final do experimento, foram coletados dados de produção de massa verde para silagem (t.ha-1),  matéria  seca  (t.ha-1) e produção de milho verde na palha (t.ha-1). Os resultados obtidos, quanto ao desenvolvimento e produção da cultura, indicaram correlação significativa entre os lisímetros e a área externa plantada externa com a mesma cultura.. Os dados de evapotranspiração de referência estimados pelos métodos de Penmam FAO e tanque Classe A, para o ciclo da cultura estudada, foram 339,7mm e 377,9mm, respectivamente. A evapotranspiração da cultura no período variou de 219,19 a 276,64mm, com o maior valor a 60 cm da superfície do solo e o menor, a 80cm..As eficiências do uso da água (EUA) médias, em relação a matéria seca, pela cultura do milho, foi de 2,98 kg.m-3 para a estimativa com base na evapotranspiração da cultura medida diretamente nos lisímetros, 3,23 kg.m-3, para a evapotranspiração da cultura estimada pela ETo pelo método de Penmam-FAO e 2,89 kg.m-3, pelo método do tanque Classe A. Unitermos: lisímetros, evapotranspiração, eficiência do uso da água.  Soares, M.C.F., Klar, A. E.  EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A LISYMETER SET WITH A CORN CROP (Zea  mays L.).  2 ABSTRACT This study was set up at Agricultural Engineering Department – FCA/Unesp, Botucatu/SP, in order to evaluate the performance of a set lysimeters (50, 60, 70, and 80 cm water table level, with two replications). A corn crop (Zea mays L.) was used in lysimeters and in the border area.Plant height and leaf area were measured every 15 days to evaluate the corn crop development and at the end of the experiment, green mass to silage, total dry and fresh matter and production of fresh corn grain were taken. The estimated reference evapotranspiration was computed according to Penman-FAO and Class A pan methods.The results showed a significant correlation between the plant results obtained from lysimeters and the border area. The total reference evapotranspiration was 339.7 mm and 377.9 mm for Penman-FAO and Class A pan methods, respectively. The evapotranspiration of crop in this period, measured in the lysimeters, were from 219.19 mm (80cm) to 276.64 mm (60cm)The water use efficiency (WUE) average using kg of total dry matter per water evapotranspiration were 2.98 kg.m-3 measured through  lysimeters, 3.23 kg.m-3 by Penmam-FAO and e 2,89 kg.m-3  by Class A pan methods.  Keywords: lysimeters, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of variety and seed rate on hydroponic maize fodder biomass yield, chemical composition, and water use efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Assefa ◽  
Mengistu Urge ◽  
Getachew Animut ◽  
Getnet Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

Maize varieties BH540, BH660, BH661, and MVFG (unknown variety as local check) were evaluated at low (5.6 kg m-2), medium (7.6 kg m-2), and high (9.6 kg m-2) seed rate for hydroponic fodder productivity. A 3 ? 4m wide and 3 m height low-cost plastic house made of translucent plastic and a plastic trays made by bisecting a 25 liter capacity plastic oil container into two equal parts were used for growing the hydroponic fodder. The bottoms of the trays were drilled to open holes to drain excess water during irrigation and placed on shelves.The BH661 exhibited significantly (p<0.01) higher dry fodder yield (6.63 kg) per square meter and per kg seed than the other varieties. Among the seed rates, the high seed rate has a higher (P< 0.01) Dry Mater (DM) fodder yield, but the medium and low seed rates had greater DM fodder conversion efficiency and lower cost per kg DM fodder production. Water use efficiency was lower for BH540 (64 kg DM fodder per cubic meter water) as compared to the other varieties that had similar values (90 to 95kg DM fodder per cubic meter water). Medium and high seed rates exhibited similar water use efficiency, and it is higher than the low seed rate. Therefore, the use of BH661 variety at medium seeding rate is recommended for maize hydroponic fodder production.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF COFFEE SEEDLINGS TREATED WITH FUNGICIDES

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Maria Ruela ◽  
Adriano Bortolotti da Silva ◽  
André Delly Veiga ◽  
Thiago Corrêa de Souza ◽  
Daniele Maria Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Intercellular Co2

Research has shown that, in addition to the fungicidal action already known, strobilurins have positive physiological effects on the yield of some crops. Boscalid has also shown positive effects on plants, applied together or associated with strobilurin. The objective in this study was to evaluate the effect of fungicide application on growth and physiological behavior of coffee seedlings. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five replicates. There were five treatments: T1-Control, T2-Boscalid, T3-Pyraclostrobin, T4- Boscalid+ Pyraclostrobin and T5- Azoxystrobin applied in coffee seedlings. The application was at the “orelha de onça” stage (two round-shaped leaves), repeated every 15 days, counting 5 applications in total. Were evaluated shoot length, root length, stem diameter, shoot and root fresh matter, shoot and root dry matter, leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, intercellular CO2 concentration, water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency. The application of fungicides promotes greater vegetative growth of coffee seedlings due to increased CO2 assimilation rate, reduced transpiration rates and increased water use efficiency, associated to the increased levels of auxin and cytokinins in leaves

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