Addictiveness: an independent dimension in the psychotic syndrome. Presentation of the Addictiveness in the Psychotic Syndrome Assessment Scale (APSAS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Martín L. Vargas-Aragón ◽  
Sonia López-Lorenzo ◽  
Natalia Jimeno-Bulnes
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Dual Pathology ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Frequency Of Use

Models of dual pathology habitually consider substance-use disorders (SUD) and the rest of mental disorders as two pathological conditions coincident in a same person. This study adopts a different point of view and accept adictivity as the nineth clinical dimension in the psychotic disorders to be added to hallucinations, delusion, disorganised speech, abnormal psychomotor behaviour, negative symptoms, cognitive deficit, depression, and mania. In the last term, all of them seems to derive from a common fronto-subcortical disfunction with dopaminergic, glutamatergic and gabaergic implication. The Scale for the Evaluation of Adictivity in the Psychotic Syndrome (SEAPS) is presented. It wants to be an integrated and easy to use tool for evaluating adictivity in the psychotic disorders. It is based in data collected with respect of first use, length of use, last use, frequency of use and addiction intensity regarding twelve types of substances or addictive behaviours. Results of the application of SEAPS on a sample of 105 psychotic subjects suggest good psychometric characteristics as well as the independency of adictivity respect with other clinical dimensions.

Basic symptoms as subjective cognitive deficit in schizophrenia: Cognitive, clinical and functional associations

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S108-S108
Author(s):  
M.L. Vargas ◽  
S. López-Lorenzo ◽  
I. Legascue ◽  
A. Nagore ◽  
P. Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Basic Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Subjective Complaints ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionBasic symptoms are subjective complaints that present at the early states in psychotic disorders and persist in the long-term. They can be studied using hetero applied clinical instruments or self-administered questionnaires. Basic symptoms can be useful as screening tools in at risk populations.AimsTo determine if basic symptoms (subjective cognitive deficits) are associated with the objectively measured cognitive deficit after controlling for functioning and symptomatology.MethodsOne observational, transversal, psychopathological and neuropsychological study was performed on a schizophrenia outpatients sample (n = 78). Correlations were measured by using Spearman's Rho coefficient. Basic symptoms were registered by using the Frankfurt Complaints Questionnaire (FCQ-3); cognitive status was assessed by Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS); clinical status was assessed by PANSS and Clinical Global Impression (CGI); functional status was measured with Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).ResultsAll the dimensions were related to subjective complaints: cognitive functioning (r = −.38; P < .001); positive symptoms (r = .54; P < .001); negative symptoms (r = .26; P < .02); general symptoms (r = .41; P < .001); CGI (r = .57; P < .001); GAF (r = −.45; P < .001). The association between subjective and objective cognitive deficit remains significative after controlling for the clinical and functional variables, except when controlling for CGI.ConclusionsThe evaluation of basic symptoms with FCQ-3 is related with an objective cognitive deficit and could be useful as a screening tool.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Neuropsychological Profile of Various Neurological and Psychiatric Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-197
Author(s):  
Ramprasad Santhanakrishnan K.
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Childhood Disorders ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

In the current chapter, the neuropsychological profile of various neurological and psychiatric conditions is focused on, including two major divisions (i.e., dementia—cortical and sub-cortical—and major mental disorders—substance use disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, childhood disorders, personality disorders, and sexual disorders). Both divisions have sub-classifications that include introduction, etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical features, evaluation, treatment, and psychosocial aspects.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mental disorders and associated disability: Results from the cross-sectional CZEch mental health Study (CZEMS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Formánek ◽  
A. Kagström ◽  
P. Cermakova ◽  
L. Csémy ◽  
K. Mladá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractIntroduction:We aimed to estimate the prevalence of current mental disorders in the Czech population, and to identify associated disability.Methods:We conducted a representative cross-sectional household survey of the Czech adult, community-dwelling population. We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.), WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0, and Self-Identification as Mentally Ill (SELFI) scale alongside sociodemographic and other covariates. We reached 75% response rate. Descriptive statistics of the sample were assessed and median (M) disability levels with interquartile range (IQR) according diagnosis were calculated on a scale ranging from 12 to 50. Linear regression models were used to identify factors associated with disability.Results:In our sample of 3 306 participants,21.9% experienced a mental disorder in 2017. Prevalence rates for mood, anxiety, alcohol use, non-alcohol substance use, and psychotic disorders corresponded to 5.5%, 7.3%, 10.8%,2.9%, and1.5%respectively. Alcoholdependencewasidentifiedin6.6%,andmajordepressionin4.0%of the sample. Disability in the general population was significantly lower (M = 12; IQR = 12, 17) than in those with mood (M = 20; IQR = 14; 29), anxiety (M = 18; IQR = 13; 26), alcohol use (M = 14; IQR = 12; 18), non- alcohol substance use (M = 15; IQR = 12; 19), or psychotic disorders (M = 22; IQR = 16.4; 29.4).Conclusions:People with mental disorders have considerably elevated disability in comparison to mentally healthy participants. The prevalence of mental disorders in the Czech Republic is mostly in line with European prevalence rates but it is lower for anxiety disorders and two times higher for alcohol use disorders.

Even More Complex…. When Mental Disorder Meets Addiction in Youth: Dual Pathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Julio Torales ◽  
João M. Castaldelli-Maia ◽  
Antonio Geraldo da Silva ◽  
Marcela W. Campos ◽  
Israel González-Urbieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Coordinated Care ◽  
Dual Pathology

Background: The management of mental disorders in child and adolescent is challenging. In addition, when substance use disorders are associated with mental disorders, important complications are noted. Dual pathology and Substance-induced disorders should be distinguished in cases like this. Objective: To summarize the latest information on the epidemiology, etiology and management aspects of dual pathology in adolescents. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and SciELO databases were searched to perform a narrative review. Results: Dual pathology is the term used to designate the co-occurrence of an addictive disorder and at least one other mental health disorder, independently. To distinguish dual pathology from substance- induced disorders, the temporal association between the disorders in a longitudinal assessment should be emphasized. If the symptoms of the mental disorder appear prior to the substance use or after a long period of abstinence, a diagnosis of dual pathology should be considered. Patients with dual pathology present greater psychosocial issues, more medical problems, and worse prognosis than those with substance-induced disorders. The proposed etiological models agree that biological, psychological and social factors are shared in the development of these conditions. Conclusion: Healthcare systems should focus on creating policies that will allow early detection, preventive public health measures, and an integrated and coordinated care for these patients. Public health policies should create means to promote awareness and prevention of these pathologies since early initiation of treatment (pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, family therapy, education in schools, behavioral interventions and treatment of comorbidities) reduces the risks associated to substance use disorders and other negative consequences.

Psychological mechanisms of the formation of non-psychotic mental disorders in patients with hyperthyroidism

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S151-S151
Author(s):  
O. Pityk ◽  
M. Pityk ◽  
I. Kuzhda
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Depressive Syndrome ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Medical Programs

The application of a comprehensive, integrative, systemic approach to the examination of patients with abnormal thyroid gland has to lie in the basis of planning strategies and tactics of medical programs such patients. On this point of view we consider that non- psychotic mental disorders are developing on the basis of both organic and adaptation levels. Population researches showed that the majority of patients with endocrinological pathology suffer from one of the three DCPR syndromes: irritant mood, demoralization thrown in (desperation), persistant somatization. The task of our work was to investigate mechanisms of psychological defense in patients with hyperthyroidism with non-psychotic mental disorders. One hundred and twenty-five patients were examined. Non-psychotic mental disorders with different syndromologic structure were found in 76% of patients (study group), among which anxious-asthenic (38.95%), anxiety and depression (23.16%) were dominant. The method of Robert Plutchik for assessment of the mechanisms of defense was used. In asthenic syndrome we found excessive functioning of negation and regression, inadequate functioning of intellectualization. In patients with astheno-anxious syndrome inadequate functioning of negation, intellectualization, compensation, and excessive repression contributed to the formation of the sensations of anxiety. Excessive compensation, projection, reactive formation generally affected the structure of the asteno-depressive syndrome. The lack of displacing of reactive formation, repression and excessive intellectualization in a complex influenced to the structuring of anxious-depressive syndrome. In hypochondrical syndrome projection, regression and negation were the basis of the formation of clinical picture. Thus, meaningful relationships between intrapsychic level of functioning and syndromological structure of non-psychotic disorders were installed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

An Introduction to Social Cognition and its Relationship to Mental Disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
G. Lahera
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Motor Actions

A capital issue in human psychology is how individuals understand the actions and emotions of others. But the field of social cognition includes different concepts: the mirror system (that allows us to understand other people’s motor actions and action intentions), “theory of mind” (that allows us to understand more abstract concepts such as beliefs or wishes in others) and empathy (that allows us to understand and share emotions and sensations with others). It is known the difficulties of people with schizophrenia in interpreting social information or the “theory of mind” severe deficit in autist children, but nowdays social cognition can be a new point of view in understanding different psychopathologies, such as social phobia, pure delusional disorder or personality disorders. In regard to schizophrenia, the association between ToM deficit and negative symptoms and disorganization has been shown, whereas the association with paranoid symptomatology seems to be more controversial. A supplementary line for debate has been whether a ToM deficit is a state marker or a trait marker in relation to psychosis. In this workshop we will review the importance of this approach and the main -verbal and non-verbal- instruments used to asses social cognition in clinical practice.

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

2015 ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Martin Brüne
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Motor Abnormalities

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are characterized by the presence of delusions, hallucination, disorganized thinking, motor abnormalities, and/or negative symptoms. Behaviourally, schizophrenia patients have profound difficulties in regulating approach and avoidance, causing social withdrawal or aggressive behaviour. Evolutionary hypotheses of schizophrenia abound, but none covers all phenotypic aspects of the syndrome(s). Genetic risk for schizophrenia is partly conferred by genes that have undergone positive selection, whereby the reproductive advantage compensating for the reduced fecundity is as yet unknown. Environmental risk factors for schizophrenia comprise poverty, migration, and urbanicity, which has given rise to the hypothesis that individuals with schizophrenia are particularly sensitive to the exposure of strangers. In a more general vein, many signs and symptoms associated with schizophrenia can be interpreted from an evolutionary point of view. They pertain to diverse aspects of social life, including cooperation and trust (paranoia), mating (delusional jealousy, erotomania), and social rank (catatonic stupor, mutism).

PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH SUBSTANCE USE A descriptive study of patients attended in a Dual Pathology Department.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Coratu ◽  
◽  
Gerard Angel Mateu Codina ◽  
Rebeca Alayon Santana ◽  
Rosa Blanca Sauras Quetcuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Dual Pathology ◽  
Pathology Department ◽  
Number Of Patients

a) Objectives: This study analyses the characteristics and prevalence of psychotic disorders in patients with substance use, that needed medical and psychiatric care in a Dual Pathology Department during a 3 years period. b) Background and aims: The strong comorbidity between substance use and psychotic disorders has been deeply studied in recent literature. The aim of this study is to analyse the characteristics of the psychotic episode (primary or drug-induced), the predominant substance of use and the age of onset of consumption, as well as some sociodemographic characteristics in these patients. c) Materials and methods After a bibliographic review of recent literature, we realize a descriptive study of psychotic disorders and substance use from a total of 531 hospitalized patients during a 3 years period, using SPSS for Windows 20.0 database for statistic results. d) Results: In this study we can observe a predominant percentage of males with an average age of 36 years old, around 50% psychotic disorders out of total number of patients with a predominant type of primary psychosis and a high prevalence of cocaine (18% of total patients), alcohol (16%) and cannabis (8%) use and also an early age of onset of problematic consumption (15 years old for alcohol, 16 years old for cannabis and 21 years old for cocaine). e) Conclusions: The result of this study approach the current literature data about psychotic disorders and substance use and underlines the importance of a correct and early diagnosis in patients with a serious mental illness.

Characterising Psychosis in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing Study on Low Prevalence (Psychotic) Disorders

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Rosenman ◽  
Ailsa Korten ◽  
Jo Medway ◽  
Mandy Evans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
National Study ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Prevalence

Objective: This study examines the factorial structure of symptoms and signs in psychosis in data from the Study on Low Prevalence (psychotic) Disorders which is part of the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Australia 1997–1998. Method: The present study examined a wide variety of symptoms taken from the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry items and the substance use items in the Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis, an instrument specially constructed for the national study. The instrument was applied to 980 community and hospital subjects with a wide range of psychotic illness diagnoses. The data were factor analysed and scales of ‘domains of psychopathology’ derived. Results: The data were best fitted by five principal factors (‘domains’) which can be approximately labelled dysphoria, positive symptoms, substance use, mania and negative symptoms/incoherence. These factors together explained 55.4% of variance in symptoms. Solutions with more numerous factors did not improve the representation. Conclusion: The five domains successfully characterise a large part of the variance in psychopathology found in the present study of low prevalence (psychotic) disorders. The approach allows sufferer's symptom range and severity to be well expressed without multiple comorbid diagnoses or the limits imposed by categorical diagnosis. Knowledge of alternative dimensional representations of psychopathology may usefully complement our use of categories, enhance awareness of symptoms and ensure that important psychopathology is heeded in practice and research.

An Ultrastructural Study of the Proliferation Patterns of the Reserve Cells of the Human Cervix Uteri

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Takanori Sohda ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
Goro Asano ◽  
Katsunari Fukushi ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Human Cervix ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.

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