scholarly journals Semi-rigid behaviour of stainless steel beam-to-column bolted connections

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Moment Frames ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Moment Capacity ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Moment Resisting ◽  
Earthquake Design ◽  
Full Scale Tests

Stainless steel is increasingly used in structural applications but there is still significant lack of experimental evidence on the moment-rotation (M-) behaviour of moment resisting beam-to-column connections. The current paper presents experimental test results obtained from full scale tests conducted on three widely used connection types i.e., double web angle (DWA), top seat angle (TSA) and top seat with double web angle (TS-DWA) connection. Considered beam, column and angle sections were fabricated using austenitic stainless steel plates and M20 high strength bolts were used for connection assembly. M- curves for all connections were carefully recorded and were used to determine initial stiffness (Ki) and moment capacity (M20mrad) for each of the connections. Eurocode 3 guidelines were used to check the classification i.e., whether or not the connections were semi-rigid in nature. Although the considered DWA connection failed to achieve partial-strength, both TSA and TS-DWA connections showed obvious semi-rigid nature despite the connection capacities were limited by bolts. In addition, extensive ductility of stainless steel ensured that all three connection types achieved a minimum connection rotation of 30 mrad, which is specified by FEMA as a requirement for earthquake design of ordinary moment frames.

AISI No. 633

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Structural Applications

Abstract AISI No. 633 is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel whose properties can be changed by heat treatment. It bridges the gap between the austenitic and martensitic stainless steels; that is, it has some of the properties of each. Its uses include high-strength structural applications, corrosion-resistant springs and knife blades. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-389. Producer or source: Stainless steel mills.

Numerical study on the performance of beam-to-concrete-filled steel tube column joint with adapter-bracket

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1542-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiming Chen ◽  
Junming Jiang ◽  
Liangjiu Jia
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Moment Capacity ◽  
Concrete Filled Steel Tube ◽  
Composite Joint ◽  
Flange Thickness

An innovative beam-to-column composite joint with adapter-bracket was proposed and its behavior was investigated through finite element analysis. The special adapter-bracket is to facilitate the assembly of the steel box beam and the concrete-filled steel tube column through high-strength blind bolts. In the adapter-bracket, two endplates are welded to the beam and bolted to the column, respectively. First, two finite element models of the bolted extended endplate joint were developed in ABAQUS and validated by available experimental results. Then, based on modified models, parametric analyses were conducted to evaluate the novel joint performance, in terms of the initial stiffness, rotation capacity, moment capacity, failure mode, and joint classification. The variables included flange thickness, endplate thickness, and bolt size. Results demonstrated that the joint behavior was significantly affected by the flange thickness, the endplate-A thickness, and bolt size while slightly influenced by the endplate-B thickness. Additionally, these joints had favorable rotation and moment capacity.

Seismic performance improvement of GFRP-RC moment frames

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin K. Ghomi ◽  
Ehab El-Salakawy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Rc Beams ◽  
Moment Frames ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Rc Structures

Although structures made of concrete reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have shown promising performance under gravity loads, their performance under cyclic loading is still one of the main concerns. Although the linear nature of FRP reinforcement could be advantageous in terms of limiting the residual damage after an earthquake event, it lowers the energy dissipation of the structure, which can compromise its seismic performance. In this research, adding steel plates at selected locations in moment-resisting frames is proposed as a solution to improve seismic performance of FRP-reinforced concrete (FRP-RC) structures. Three full-scale cantilever beams, one steel-RC, one FRP-RC, and one FRP-RC with proposed steel plates, were constructed and tested under reversed cyclic loading. The results indicated that the proposed mechanism effectively improves the seismic performance of FRP-RC beams by increasing their initial stiffness and energy dissipation. Moreover, a computer simulation, using the moment–curvature determination process, was conducted to calculate bending moment capacity of FRP-RC beams with steel plates.

Duplex stainless steel in infrastructure: applications, challenges and opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Baddoo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

<p>Duplex stainless steels have unique properties which can be exploited in a wide variety of applications in the construction industry. The high strength of duplex stainless steel (30% higher than the widely used carbon steel grade S355) leads to specific applications in weight sensitive structures, for example structural members on the topsides of offshore platforms and bridge girders. These applications are usually situated in corrosive environments where durability, combined with long service life, are important and maintenance closures are very costly. Structural applications of duplex stainless steel in the energy and transportation sectors are reviewed. Based on an assessment of the complete supply chain (encompassing design, procurement and fabrication), obstacles to the wider use of structural duplex stainless steel are identified with some recommendations about how they may be overcome. The future burden caused by the use of materials that are not inherently durable in the service environment has led to a growing appreciation that the use of more durable materials in infrastructure applications is the key to maximum availability and low life cycle cost. A huge programme of infrastructure development is needed to meet future demand in both developed and developing economies, which includes the construction of airports, bridges, railways, roads, tunnels and power plants. New opportunities for duplex stainless steel in the creation of resilient, cost-efficient and fit-for purpose energy and transport networks are discussed.</p>

Duplex stainless steels: sustainable materials for highly durable structures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Backhouse ◽  
Sukanya Hägg Mameng
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Street Furniture ◽  
Duplex Steels

<p>Stainless steels are well known for their durability in the built environment, having been widely used in external building cladding, street furniture and public artworks; the 1930’s stainless steel roof of the Chrysler Building is a fine example. Modern steelmaking techniques have facilitated the production of stainless steels with 85% recycled content and the production of high strength duplex stainless steels. High strength minimizes the weight of steel required and the inherent corrosion resistance means there is no need for additional corrosion protection even in aggressive coastal environments. These properties allow duplex steels to be efficiently used as durable structural engineering materials. The corrosion performance of several stainless steels, including a newly developed duplex grade LDX2404 (EN1.4662/UNS82441) has been studied in coastal atmospheric conditions. The performance of stainless steels under these test conditions is found to be similar to the performance in existing structural applications in comparable real-world environments. It is observed that the performance of a stainless steel grade can be adequately assessed in a given environment after only a few months or years, as the onset of any detrimental corrosion effects become visibly evident rather quickly. Appropriately selected grades of stainless steel for a given environment can be fully resistant to corrosion effects, and thus can be considered highly durable materials for bridges and other structural uses in the external environment.</p>

scholarly journals A Modular Approach for Steel Reinforcing of 3D Printed Concrete—Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4062
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Assaad ◽  
Abdallah Abou Yassin ◽  
Fatima Alsakka ◽  
Farook Hamzeh
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moment Capacity ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths ◽  
Transverse Steel

3D concrete printing technology has considerably progressed in terms of material proportioning and properties; however, it still suffers from the difficulty of incorporating steel reinforcement for structural applications. This paper aims at developing a modular approach capable of manufacturing 3D printed beam and column members reinforced with conventional steel bars. The cubic-shaped printed modules had 240 mm sides, possessing four holes on the corners for subsequent insertion of flexural steel and grouting operations. The transverse steel (i.e., stirrups) was manually incorporated during the printing process. The reinforced 3D printed beams were built by joining the various modules using high-strength epoxy resins. Test results showed that the compressive and flexural strengths of plain (i.e., unreinforced) 3D printed specimens are higher than traditionally cast-in-place (CIP) ones, which was mostly attributed to the injected high-strength grout that densifies the matrix and hinders the ease of crack propagation during loading. The flexural moment capacity of 3D reinforced printed beams were fairly close to the ACI 318-19 code provisions; however, about 22% lower than companion CIP members. The reduction in peak loads was attributed to the modular approach used to construct the 3D members, which might alter the fundamentals and concepts of reinforced concrete design, including the transfer and redistribution of stresses at ultimate loading conditions.

Experimental research on hybrid anchorages of prestressed composite strips for structural strengthening

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110203
Author(s):  
Bartosz Piątek ◽  
Tomasz Siwowski ◽  
Jerzy Michałowski ◽  
Stanisław Błażewicz
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Flexural Strengthening ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Cfrp Strip ◽  
Full Scale Tests

The prestressed unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips are currently often used for flexural strengthening of concrete structures. To ensure reliable strengthening, strips have to be anchored at their ends to the surface. However, anchoring of unidirectional CFRP strips is difficult because of their weak transversal mechanical properties. Although several CFRP strip anchorage approaches have been developed to date, only very few were applied on-site. The paper presents the development of hybrid bonded/bolted anchorages of CFRP strips used in a novel prestressing system. The anchorages are made of thin steel plates, clamped with the high-strength friction grip (HSFG) bolts and epoxy adhesive, to fix the CFRP strips. The paper describes the results of full-scale tests carried out on a series of axial tensile specimens. The developed anchorage has an ultimate tensile strength of about 200 kN, i.e. 70% of the ultra-high CFRP strips’ strength, which is sufficient for strengthening purposes. After a series of tests in the laboratory, the anchorages have been implemented on-site and an example is presented in the paper.

scholarly journals Microstructural Investigation of Co-Rolled Nanocrystalline Stainless Steel Sheets

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Retraint ◽  
M. Zakaria Quadir ◽  
Wan Qiang Xu ◽  
Laurent Waltz ◽  
Michael Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Mechanical Attrition ◽  
Duplex Process

It is possible to produce a nanocrystalline, multilayered composite structure with enhanced mechanical properties by assembling three 316L surface nanostructured stainless steel plates by roll bonding. The Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) was first used to generate nanocrystalline layers on the elementary plates so that their mechanical properties were improved. They were then assembled through co-rolling. A composite structure of nanocrystalline layers of high strength alternating with more ductile layers was obtained to achieve both high strength and ductility. Microscopy observations and EBSD measurements were carried out and the bonding interfaces were analysed in detail to explore the mechanisms involved during the SMAT/Co-rolling duplex process.

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