Multi-criteria Decision-making Applications Based on Set Valued Generalized Neutrosophic Quadruple Sets for Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Necmiye Merve Sahin ◽  
◽  
◽  
Merve Sena Uz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Made In

In this article, an algorithm has been introduced that enables judges to see the decisions that should be made in a way that is closest to the conscience and the law, without transferring the cases to the higher authorities, without anyone objecting to their decisions. This algorithm has been introduced depending on the generalized set-valued neutrosophic quadruple numbers and the Euclidean similarity measure in sets, what the decision is made by considering all the situations, regardless of which case the defendants come before the judge, how similar these decisions are to the legal decisions that should be made. In this way, we can easily see the decisions given to the accused in all kinds of cases, and we can arrange the decisions according to the similarity value. The closer the similarity value is to 1, the more correct the judge's decision from a legal point of view.

Multicriteria Decision-Making Applications Based on Generalized Hamming Measure for Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 08-29
Author(s):  
Necmiye Merve Sahin ◽  
◽  
◽  
Azize Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
The Law ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Ideal

Jurisprudential decisions always reflect confidence in the law. The more wrong a judge's decision is, the greater the reaction will be. This is something we all know. But today, the reactions to the decisions of the judges are increasing in a negative way. Because, making so many conscientious decisions or transferring cases to higher courts have widely increased. This means that people's objections to the decisions increase. To avoid such problems in judges' decisions, an algorithm is introduced in this article. The mentioned algorithm shows every decision given by judges as generalized set-valued neutrosophic quadruples and calculates its similarity to the ideal decision by Hamming similarity measure on generalized set-valued neutrosophic quadruples. The algorithm is introduced in such a way that it decides whether the decision to be made in each case is similar to the decision made by the judge or not. This allows us to see how correct the judges’ decisions are. The closer the algorithm result is to 1, the more accurate the decision. You can judge decisions according to this accuracy value and it is aimed to reduce the problems such as objections to the decisions.

Multi-criteria decision making method based on improved cosine similarity measure with interval neutrosophic sets

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lunyan Wang ◽  
Qing Xia ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Yongchao Cao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Interval Number ◽  
Cosine Similarity ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Neutrosophic Sets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cosine Similarity Measure ◽  
Interval Neutrosophic Sets

Purpose The fuzziness and complexity of evaluation information are common phenomenon in practical decision-making problem, interval neutrosophic sets (INSs) is a power tool to deal with ambiguous information. Similarity measure plays an important role in judging the degree between ideal and each alternative in decision-making process, the purpose of this paper is to establish a multi-criteria decision-making method based on similarity measure under INSs. Design/methodology/approach Based on an extension of existing cosine similarity, this paper first introduces an improved cosine similarity measure between interval neutosophic numbers, which considers the degrees of the truth membership, the indeterminacy membership and the falsity membership of the evaluation values. And then a multi-criteria decision-making method is established based on the improved cosine similarity measure, in which the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) is adopted to aggregate the neutrosophic information related to each alternative. Finally, an example on supplier selection is given to illustrate the feasibility and practicality of the presented decision-making method. Findings In the whole process of research and practice, it was realized that the application field of the proposed similarity measure theory still should be expanded, and the development of interval number theory is one of further research direction. Originality/value The main contributions of this paper are as follows: this study presents an improved cosine similarity measure under INSs, in which the weights of the three independent components of an interval number are taken into account; OWA are adopted to aggregate the neutrosophic information related to each alternative; and a multi-criteria decision-making method using the proposed similarity is developed under INSs.

Child Welfare Legislation in Denmark: Trends in Child Welfare over the Past Decade

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Kay L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Local Council ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis paper deals with the Danish Child Welfare Law, which was passed in 1974 as part of an integrated welfare law aiming at decentralization of decision making in local government, and maximum citizen participation.The law provides for counselling, recommendations and injunctions in connection with counselling, appointment of personal guidance officers, and taking children into care. The greater part of decision making is made in co-operation with parents. The few cases of removal of a child from the home without parental consent are conducted under the auspices of the local council welfare committee, presided over by a judge. Parents are given access and must be heard. Parents have wide rights of appeal.

GDPR in Between Profiles and Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-105
Author(s):  
Elena Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Data ◽  
Distribution Of Powers ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Article 5

The creation and application of profiles may affect individuals and their lives. The lack of transparency and accuracy that may result from these profiles can cause asymmetries of knowledge and unbalanced distribution of powers between business entities and individual subjects. As such, profiling challenges the protection of individuals and generates concerns over the individuals' privacy and data protection. In using profiling practices, every business entity must comply with data protection legislation.The purpose of the chapter is to examine the effectiveness of the GDPR to ensure protection for individuals within the context of profiling. It identifies and analyses, from a profiling point of view, a number of strengths and weaknesses associated with the general data protection principles as adopted under the Article 5 GDPR. The author argues that profiling contradicts the transparent nature of data protection principles, and thus of the GDPR. In practice, the law is ineffective to ensure fair, lawful, and transparent profiling activities to safeguard individuals and their rights.

How Do Prior Rulings Affect Future Disputes?

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kucik
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
International Dispute ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
Made In

Abstract International dispute systems are often designed so that dispute body rulings do not set precedent. Yet governments have incentives to learn from prior decisions. Past rulings convey important information about how the law is applied. This is especially true in the World Trade Organization (WTO), where disputes frequently occur between the same members and over the same issues. I argue that case law increases the likelihood of early settlement. This helps explain why fifty percent of WTO cases end prior to a formal ruling. I use new data on the direction of ruling on each legal claim made in the first 450 WTO disputes. The results show that litigants are significantly more likely to settle early given the presence of previous legal decisions.

scholarly journals TOPSIS model based on entropy and similarity measure for market segment selection and evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Truong Thi Thuy Duong ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Thao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Relative Closeness ◽  
Decision Making Problem ◽  
Topsis Approach ◽  
Topsis Model

PurposeThe paper aims to propose a practical model for market segment selection and evaluation. The paper carries out a technique of order preference similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach to make an operation systematic dealing with multi-criteria decision- making problem.Design/methodology/approachIntroducing a multi-criteria decision-making problem based on TOPSIS approach. A new entropy and new similarity measure under neutrosopic environment are proposed to evaluate the weights of criteria and the relative closeness coefficient in TOPSIS model.FindingsThe outcomes show that the TOPSIS model based on new entropy and similarity measure is effective for evaluation and selection market segment. Profitability, growth of the market, the likelihood of sustainable differential advantages are the most important insights of criteria.Originality/valueThis paper put forward an effective multi-criteria decision-making dealing with uncertain information.

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