Phenomenology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Marion
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Phenomenological Reduction ◽  
Saturated Phenomenon ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Common

This chapter provides an introduction to and summary of all of Marion’s phenomenological work. It also gives an account of why he turned to phenomenology in the first place and what role he considers it to play philosophically. Marion explains the notion of the phenomenological reduction and the importance of the category of givenness. He responds to some of the common objections to his work (including those of Derrida and Ricoeur). He summarizes the notion of the gift and its phenomenological significance. The chapter presents the implications of a phenomenology of givenness for a notion of the self as recipient of the phenomenon. Marion also reviews the notion of the saturated phenomenon and unfolds its implications. He discusses his relation to the thought of Levinas, Henry, Lacan, and Heidegger.

scholarly journals Business Co-operatives in Australia: “Unlikely Soil for a Co-operative Movement”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Greg Patmore ◽  
Nikola Balnave ◽  
Olivera Marjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
The Self ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Large Database ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
The Common ◽  
Over Time

While co-operatives are traditionally associated with workers, consumers, and farmers, the business model, with its emphasis on democracy and community, has also been adopted by small business owners, the self-employed, and professionals. These business co-operatives are distinct phenomenon, because they primarily consist of independent organizational entities that are not co-operatives and are generally in direct competition with one another. They are unique in that they bring together separate organizations that seek to combat market threats while adopting a philosophy based on co-operative principles. This article begins with an overview of the Australian co-operative landscape. It then defines the concept of business co-operatives and then draws upon the Visual Atlas of Australian Co-operatives History Project, which has developed a large database of Australian co-operatives over time and space, to examine the development of business co-operatives in Australia. It looks at where business co-operatives formed in the economy, the motivation underlying their formation, their average life spans, and their relationships with the broader co-operative movement. The article highlights the value of business co-operatives in introducing the values of participatory democracy and working for the common good into unanticipated markets and reinforcing the co-operative movement.

scholarly journals From the Philosophy of Cult to the Philosophy of History in the Work of Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky (* 1882 + 1937)

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Daniel Porubec
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work ◽  
Primary Activity ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Periods

P. A. Florensky dedicated nine writings of his rich interdisciplinary work to the phenomenon of cult, which were first published in a censored form in 1977. We turn our attention to one of these writings called Cult, Religion and Culture, published under the common title Philosophy of Cult, in which the author elaborates a distinctive concept of the cult as the primary activity of man and at the same time as the gift offered to him for his own sanctification. It is the sacred cult—sacra from where, according to the author, two other human activities originate: namely, the ability to create tools—instrumenta—and the ability to create abstract concepts—notiones. However, both human activities have to be understood as a process of disintegration of the cult—sacra. Thus, by prioritizing one of the three human activities mentioned above, we can recognize three historical periods in history. According to Florensky, the human ability to create tools corresponds to the era of historical materialism, the ability to create concepts corresponds to the era of ideologism, and ultimately, the primary human activity—the life of man in the cult and its culture corresponds to the sacral materialism or concrete idealism.

Cooperation Pullout Test of Double Self-Tapping Screws in Wood Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 2520-2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Shi ◽  
Jian Xing Zhang ◽  
Yuan Qing Wang ◽  
Hui Juan Huang ◽  
Zheng Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pullout Test ◽  
The Self ◽  
Connection Strength ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Pullout Resistance ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
The Common ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

In this paper, the experimental study on the self-tapping screw’s pullout resistance in the wood structure was conducted. Domestic ordinary screws were used together with imported or domestic wood to fabricate 6 screw connection specimens in wooden walls. Then monotonic loading tests were conducted and it can be concluded that, the common round screw connection strength mainly depends on the failure mode, the lack of cooperation effect significantly influences the strength of screw connections, and the dispersion of screw connection stiffness is high. So, to obtain formulae for the self-tapping screw connection strength and stiffness by further experimental study will be very necessary.

An Exploration of Accountants, Accounting Work, and Creativity

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Bryant ◽  
Dan Stone ◽  
Benson Wier
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Systematic Relationship ◽  
Governmental Accounting ◽  
Department Of Labor ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
Accounting Professionals ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT: In two studies, we explore whether creativity is essential—or antithetical—to professional accounting work. In Study 1, archival analysis of U.S. Department of Labor data indicates that: (1) professional accounting work requires no less creativity than do three competing professions and a diverse sample of U.S. occupations, and (2) greater creativity may be required in financial than in auditing and taxation accounting work. In Study 2, a survey contrasts the self-assessed and number-of-uses creativity of governmental accounting professionals and Master’s of Accountancy (M.Acc.) students with that of M.B.A. students. Results indicate lower creativity among accountants and M.Acc. students compared with M.B.A. students, and no systematic relationship between ethics and creativity. We conclude that while creativity matters to accounting work—more to some areas of accounting practice than others—accountancy education and work may attract or reward entrants with less than desirable levels of creativity, perhaps due to the common belief that creativity is unneeded in, or even deleterious to, professional accountancy work.

scholarly journals Money priming and self-other focus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Genschow ◽  
Johannes Schuler ◽  
Emiel Cracco ◽  
Marcel Brass ◽  
Michaela Wänke
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Automatic Imitation ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Imitation Inhibition ◽  
Trial Basis ◽  
Cautious Interpretation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Explicit Measures

The self-sufficiency hypothesis suggests that priming individuals with money makes them focus more strongly on themselves than on others. However, recently, research supporting this claim has been heavily criticized and some attempts to replicate have failed. A reason for the inconsistent findings in the field may lay in the common use of explicit measures, because they tend to rely on one or just a few items and are thus prone to demand effects and low reliability. In the present research, we administered, in two experiments, the imitation-inhibition task—a robust, unobtrusive and reliable paradigm that is sensitive to self-other focus on a trial-by-trial basis. A pilot study found an increased focus on the self as compared to others when primed with money. Building on this finding, a preregistered high-powered experiment replicated this effect, suggesting that money primes may indeed increase a focus on the self. An additionally carried out meta-analysis indicates that automatic imitation is modulated by self-other focus and that money primes lead to a smaller focus on the self than conventional methods. Overall the found effects are rather small and several limitations, such as order effects, call for a cautious interpretation of the findings.

scholarly journals The Common Good in an Age of Moral Hyperpluralism: A Catholic Bioethical Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
John Kleinsman
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Moral Good ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contemporary Account

This article will argue that the notion of the common good is imperilled by a particular contemporary account of the moral good; one which, because of its (somewhat narrow) emphasis on the individual, readily lends itself to a state of 'moral hyperpluralism' in which 'the good' is primarily defined in terms of the promotion and protection of self-interest. At the same time, it will be argued that any quest to recover the notion of the common good cannot be achieved by either returning to, or holding onto, a more traditional account of morality. It will also be proposed that, as part of the quest to recover the common good, close attention needs to be paid to how the term is understood. The tension between individual autonomy and the welfare of society, and the differing ways in which this tension is resolved within different moral paradigms, will emerge as central to any discussion about the ongoing place of the common good in contemporary legal and moral debates. Finally, it is suggested that a solid basis for articulating a robust account of the common good may be found in the foundational and innovative work being done by thinkers of the gift to establish an alternative account of morality. 

Simple Hardworking Christian Folks, or the Self-Image of Contemporary Belarusian Kolkhozniks

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-279
Author(s):  
Anna Engelking
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Building Process ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Christian Nation ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Insight Into

This article concerns the anthropological inquiry about collective identity of contemporary Belarusian kolkhozniks. The author had conducted her field research (1993-2011) in both west and east Belarus. Source materials consist of about seven hundred conversations with individuals overwhelmingly more than sixty years of age. By analyzing and interpreting their narrative, the author traced the implicit values, norms, rules, basic semiotic dichotomies, and distinctive attributes in search of an unbiased insight into the content, structure, and building process of collective identity of the subjects under study. She concludes that the dichotomies, constitutive for collective identity of kolkhozniks—“peasant” versus “lord,” “peasant” versus “Jew,” and “Christian” versus “Jew”—result in the self-definition of muzhik-kolkhoznik as a simple, hard-working man “from here” belonging to a “Christian nation.” Neither the nation nor motherland, state nor language, belongs to the principal values of this group, which are “working the land” and “faith in God.” As a result of the petrifaction of the old model of the serfdom manor by the Soviet kolkhoz system, in a Belarusian village we presently encounter one of the last European residuals of premodern mentality and social identity. The image of Belarusian kolkhozniks’ collective identity has little to do with the popular category of Homo sovieticus and with the common stereotype of the kolkhoz. The human subject of the author’s anthropological reflection shows up as a person dealing amazingly well with extremely difficult living conditions and the modern, vivid personification of the archaic Homo religiosus.

Instrumente der Gewalt: Bewaffnung und Kampfesweise gotischer Kriegergruppen

Millennium ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-210
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Common

Abstract Communities of violence have always and accross cultures used weapons, i. e. tools that are manufactured specifically for the purpose of either harming and killing humans and animals (so-called offensive weapons) or of protecting oneself against being harmed and killed by others (so-called defensive weapons). This article examines the arms used by Gothic warriors in the fifth and sixth centuries AD, trying to answer basic questions: What sort of arms did Gothic warriors own and how did they use them in combat ? Where and how did they procure these arms ? What sort of training did they have ? In addition, the article also focuses on the symbolic functions of weapons. It analyzes arms as markers of status and identity and as icons of military virtue, giving special attention to their role in rituals and in the self-representation of rulers. In Gothic Italy, being armed was a feature that distinguished Gothic warriors from Roman civilians, but the type, quality and value of these arms also marked out differences within the Gothic community itself. Rulers were depicted as warrior kings; weapons were prominent in the construction of artificial kinship and the transferal of rulership. The article also studies the code of honour to which Gothic warriors felt bound: Their heroic ethos explains the common practice of entering into single combats before pitched battleswere begun, as warriors wanted to prove their valour in front of as many witnesses as possible.

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