King Alfonso VIII of Castile

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
High Water ◽  
The Political ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
History Of

This book brings together a diverse group of scholars whose work concerns the reign of Alfonso VIII (1158–1215). This was a critical period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula, when the conflict between the Christian north and the Moroccan empire of the Almohads was at its most intense, while the political divisions between the five Christian kingdoms reached their high-water mark. From his troubled ascension as a child to his victory at Las Navas de Tolosa near the end of his fifty-seven-year reign, Alfonso VIII and his kingdom were at the epicenter of many of the most dramatic events of the era.

Roman Spain

Classics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott De Brestian
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
International Schools ◽  
Roman History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Second Punic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severan Dynasty ◽  
Roman Spain

Spain was one of Rome’s first overseas provinces beyond the Italian islands (Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica) and remained under Roman control for longer than most parts of the Western Empire, with northeastern Spain under at least nominal Roman control until 474 ce. From its earliest days Roman Spain (or Hispania) was divided into two or more provinces, eventually encompassing all of the modern countries of Spain and Portugal (although for convenience, the term “Roman Spain” generally includes both). This article therefore will focus on the mainland territory of those two countries, leaving aside Spain’s Mediterranean and African possessions (Balearic and Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla), which will be treated elsewhere. Traditionally the study of Roman Spain is divided into three chronological periods: the Roman Republic, which extends from Rome’s first dealings in Spain at the start of the Second Punic War to the rise of Augustus as first emperor in 27 bce, although this period is sometimes extended to the end of the Cantabrian Wars in 19 bce, which mark the completion of the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The Early Empire spans the period from the late 1st century bce to the 3rd century ce. No universally acknowledged date marks the end of this period, although the end of the Severan dynasty in 235 ce or the Frankish invasion of 258 ce is sometimes used; this article employs the former. The Late Empire stretches from the 3rd century to the invasions of 409 ce or the final conquest of Spain by the Visigoths in 474 ce, depending on the region being discussed. Roman Spain has often been somewhat neglected by scholars outside the peninsula, due to the political history of Spain and the lack of a large number of prominent international schools, as are found in Italy and Greece, although the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut in Madrid and the French-sponsored Casa de Velázquez are important exceptions. The result is that scholars working in other parts of the Roman world are not as acquainted with Roman Spain as its importance in Roman history would otherwise merit.

Rethinking early Carthaginian coinage

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
Paolo Visonà
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Linear Path ◽  
Careful Scrutiny ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Punic Wars

The coins minted by the Carthaginians in silver, gold, electrum, billon and bronze comprise one of the largest coinages that circulated in the W Mediterranean before the Roman conquest. They provide essential information on both the history and economy of Carthage and on Carthaginian interactions with their neighbors, allies and adversaries. Carthaginian bronze coins, in particular, are frequently found throughout the Punic world, in each of its core regions (N Africa from Tripolitania to Algeria, Sicily, Sardinia, Ibiza and the southernmost Iberian peninsula), as well as in Italy. Yet few accounts of Carthage and the Punic Wars take Carthaginian coinage into consideration, and an emphasis on Greek and Latin literary sources continues to drive the narrative. Of course, in evaluating the political and economic implications of numismatic evidence one needs to distinguish from the start between the issues of the Carthage mint and those of other mints that struck coins under Carthaginian authority. Carthaginian coinage did not follow a linear path of development. As the Carthaginians began to produce coins in Sicily earlier than in N Africa, the start of minting at Carthage deserves careful scrutiny. This essay, based upon an ongoing study of Carthaginian bronze and billon coins, will review the history of modern scholarship and current research on Carthaginian coinage, focussing upon the formative period of the Carthage mint between c.350 and 300 B.C. in order to define the main aspects of its output, its relevance for the monetization of the Carthaginian homeland, and the sequence of the earliest issues.

scholarly journals РАЗЛИЧНЫЙ АСПЕКТ (Рамзан Кадыров, Джохар Дудаев, Царь Грузии Георгий VII, Ибрагим I Ширваншах)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Купрашвили Генри
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

At this stage of Chechen history, a politician appeared in the political arena who saved the history of the Chechen gene pool. I think personally that, willy-nilly or not, Ramzan Kadyrov had a chance to play a clearly positive role in the critical period of modern Chechen history, which, undoubtedly, will be objectively evaluated by history in a prosperous future. In this regard, the subject of discussion may be only one, consciously or unwittingly, he accepted such a choice. I am sure that unwittingly.

The Arab/Muslim Presence in Medieval Central Europe

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred W. Wenner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
High Water ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Christian Relationships

For nearly three centuries after the famous Battle of Poitiers (Tours), which is usually regarded as the high-water mark of Arab/Muslim expansion into Western Europe, the Muslims continued to maintain a series of relatively isolated presences in regions of Western Europe outside the Iberian Peninsula. Although these presences have tended to be forgotten within the larger picture of Muslim/Christian relationships during the medieval period, the researches of some nineteenth and twentieth century scholars would seem to indicate that they left behind a considerably larger legacy than has previously been suspected.

Japan's Enigmatic Election of 1928

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. H. Havens
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
High Water ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
National Population ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Voting Requirements

When universal manhood suffrage was promulgated, with much eclat, on 5 May 1925, its friends and its enemies both agreed that this act was a new high-water mark in the thirty-five year history of Japanese parliamentarianism. Of a national population of nearly 40 million in 1890, the first electorate had been carefully confined to 400,000 adult males who met a stiff property test. By the early 1920s inflation, population growth, and eased voting requirements had gradually spread the franchise to some 3 million persons, still a mere fraction of the populace. Then, at a stroke, the universal suffrage law of 1925 gave the vote to males aged twenty-five and older, swelling the pool of electors four-fold to more than 13 million.

The Political Philosophy of F. D. Roosevelt: A Challange to Scholarship

1949 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton L. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
High Water ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Real ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Literary Convention

The flood of Roosevelt books sweeps on, bursting the dikes of literary convention. There is nothing to compare with it in all our intellectual history. Frances Perkins, Mike Reilly, Jay Franklin, Louis Adamic, Merriman Smith, Elliott Roosevelt, Henrietta Nesbitt, Robert E. Sherwood (vice Harry Hopkins), and Admiral Mclntire are some of the celebrated members of the inner and outer Roosevelt circle unable to resist the pleas of their consciences or agents to “write a book, just a little book” about the old master. Morgenthau, Byrnes, Farley, Hull, Garner, Ickes, and Stimson have likewise succumbed; the only authentic attraction of most of their Confessions is the author's version of “Life with Roosevelt.” Charles A. Beard, George Morgenstern, John T. Flynn, and others have filed their dissenting opinions. And still the high-water mark is not in sight. The day must surely come, if our forests hold out, when Roosevelt will have a, bibliography as long and detailed as Lincoln's, probably even longer, since the sources will be so much more plentiful and nearer to the surface. Fifty years from now our libraries will be choked with one, two, four, six, and twelve volume “definitive” biographies of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and with countless bright little books bearing transcribed Lincoln titles—The Hidden Roosevelt, The Real Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt as a Man of Letters, The Personal Finances of Franklin D. Roosevelt, They Knew Roosevelt, and The Women in Roosevelt's Life—all contributed by home-grown Roosevelt scholars. We may even have a Franklin D. Roosevelt Quarterly.

The Westminster Standards

2020 ◽  
pp. 250-265
Author(s):  
Chad Van Dixhoorn
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Theology ◽  
Westminster Assembly

The Westminster Standards were penned at the end of England’s second Reformation, and symbolized the high-water mark of Protestant scholasticism. The cluster of 1640s texts both codified prior developments in Reformed doctrine and standardized theological vocabulary, with the result that they have played an enduring role in the history of theology. This chapter addresses the unique contributions of the Larger and Shorter Catechisms and the flow and coherence of the Westminster Confession of Faith. Doctrinal topics, and the manner in which the Westminster assembly linked these loci, are discussed, and themes which find their place throughout the Standards are given particular emphasis. Since soteriological concerns dominate the Standards, they are given special attention in this précis. Select revisions of the Standards are also discussed.

From Country to Nation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Far North ◽  
Meiji Restoration ◽  
Western Influence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial Japan

This book tracks the emergence of the modern Japanese nation in the nineteenth century through the history of some of its local aspirants. It explores how kokugaku (Japan studies) scholars envisioned their place within Japan and the globe, while living in a castle town and domain far north of the political capital. The book follows the story of Hirao Rosen and fellow scholars in the northeastern domain of Tsugaru. On discovering a newly “opened” Japan facing the dominant Western powers and a defeated Qing China, Rosen and other Tsugaru intellectuals embraced kokugaku to secure a place for their local “country” within the broader nation and to reorient their native Tsugaru within the spiritual landscape of an Imperial Japan protected by the gods. Although Rosen and his fellows celebrated the rise of Imperial Japan, their resistance to the Western influence and modernity embraced by the Meiji state ultimately resulted in their own disorientation and estrangement. By analyzing their writings alongside their artwork, the book reveals how this socially diverse group of scholars experienced the Meiji Restoration from the peripheries. Using compelling firsthand accounts, the book tells the story of the rise of modern Japan, from the perspective of local intellectuals who envisioned their local “country” within a nation that emerged as an empire of the modern world.

scholarly journals Usko sivistykseen - Työväen Sivistysliiton perustamisvaiheen sivistyskäsitys

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Elina Hakoniemi
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Political ◽  
Movement Education ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

The Workers’ Educational Association WEA of Finland (Työväen Sivistysliitto, TSL) was founded in 1919, a century ago, during a critical period of time: Finland had recently become an independent state, and was recovering from a violent civil war. After the lost war, the labour movement was looking for a new direction, and its future was open. For some members of the labour movement, education was the answer for the future. With professor Väinö Voionmaa in charge, the educational movement became a strengthening part of the labour movement, alongside with the political and economic movement. This led to the establishment of the TSL in 1919. The basis of the TSL was a faith in the power of education. This article analyses this subject, by focusing on the question of how did the founding members of the TSL argue for their outlook of education as the key for the future of the labour movement, the working-class people and the society. The article studies the conceptual history of the word “sivistys” during the early years of the TSL. Special attention is given to the views about the societal meanings of the word sivistys, and the objectives connected to it.

scholarly journals The Pelagic Phase in the Life History of the Amphipod Genus Bathyporeia

1939 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Emrys Watkin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
High Water ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Tidal Waters

The zonation of four species of the genus Bathyporeia, from high-water mark to low-water mark, in Kames Bay, Millport is given. B. pilosa occurs above the high-water mark of neap tides, B. pelagica is a mid-tidal form and B. elegans a low-water form. The latter, together with B. guilliamsoniana, extend beyond low-water mark. Of the population, as it occurs in the sand, 15 % are adult males, 26 % adult females, giving a proportion of adult to immature forms of 4 1 : 59.The analysis of forty-five tow-net samples taken across the bay at night shows that the same zonation of the species is maintained; the proportion of adults to immature forms in these samples, however, is as 57: 43, and of the 57 % of adults, 42 % are adult males, 15 % adult females.When the samples are related to the day of the lunar month it is shown that the numbers increase in the tidal waters in the periods immediately preceding the full moon and preceding and partly overlapping the new moon. A nocturnal vertical movement appears to be a marked feature of a few benthic amphipdd families, but the factors which cause this migration are problematical and require much further investigation.

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