scholarly journals Phenological diversity in a World Olive Germplasm Bank: Potential use for breeding programs and climate change studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e0701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angjelina Belaj ◽  
Raúl De la Rosa ◽  
Lorenzo León ◽  
Clara Gabaldón-Leal ◽  
Cristina Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Full Flowering

Aim of study: Crop phenology is a critical component in the identification of impacts of climate change. Then, the assessment of germplasm collections provides relevant information for cultivar selection and breeding related to phenology, being the base for identifying adaptation strategies to climate change.Area of study: The World Olive Germplasm Bank located at IFAPA Centre “Alameda del Obispo” (WOGB-IFAPA) in Cordoba (Southern Spain) was considered for the study.Material and methods: Data gathered for nine years on flowering and ripening time of olive cultivars from WOGB-IFAPA were evaluated. Thus, full flowering date (FFD) for 148 cultivars and ripening date (RD) for 86 cultivars, coming from 14 olive growing countries, were considered for characterization of olive phenology and for calibration/validation of phenological models.Main results: The characterization of WOGB-IFAPA has allowed the identification of cultivars with extreme early (‘Borriolenca’) and late (‘Ulliri i Kuq’) flowering as well as the ones with extreme early (‘Mavreya’) and late (‘Gerboui’) ripening dates. However, the very limited inter-cultivar variability, especially for FFD, resulted in a non-optimal simulation models performance. Thus, for FFD and RD the root mean square error was around 6 and 24 days, respectively. The limited inter-cultivar variability was associated to the low average temperatures registered during winter at WOGB-IFAPA generating an early accumulation of the chilling requirements, thus homogenizing FFD of all the analyzed cultivars.Research highlights: The identification of cultivars with early FFD and late RD provides useful information for breeding programs and climate change studies for identifying adaptation strategies.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of an Ipecac active germplasm bank – a Brazilian endangered medicinal species

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Elígia Nunes Pinto Paracampo ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Santos de Souza ◽  
Jéssica Caporal Almeida ◽  
Osmar Alves Lameira
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The active germplasm bank (AGB) of Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in the city of Belém, PA, was the first of its kind to be opened in Brazil for this endangered medicinal species and holds important accessions for agricultural and reproductive research, including the production of active principles. This study aimed to chemically characterize 42 accessions from that AGB by simultaneously quantifying cephaeline and emetine contents in roots using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). Cephaeline concentrations ranged from ‘undetected’ to 1.76%, whereas emetine concentrations were found between 0.64% and 2.49%. The overall emetine/cephaeline ratio varied from 0.43 to 3.52. The differences among mean concentrations of alkaloids observed by comparing the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability suggest the chemical variation among the samples assessed. Therefore, it is concluded such chemical differences may favor the selection of genetic material for commercial purposes based on the production of emetine and/or cephaeline, likewise may contribute to breeding programs.

scholarly journals Northern Shelf Bioregion Climate Change Assessment: Projected climate changes, sectoral impacts, and recommendations for adaptation strategies across the Canadian North Pacific Coast

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Whitney ◽  
Tugce Conger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal Marine

Planning for adaptation to climate change requires regionally-relevant information on rising air and ocean temperatures, sea levels, increasingly frequent and intense storms, and other climate-related impacts. However, in many regions there are limited focused reviews of the climate impacts, risks, and potential adaptation strategies for coastal marine areas and sectors. We report on a regional assessment of climate change impacts and recommendations for adaptation strategies in the NE Pacific (British Columbia, Canada), conducted in collaboration with a regional planning organization (Marine Plan Partnership), aimed at bridging the gaps between climate science and regional adaptation planning. We incorporated both social and ecological aspects of climate change impacts and adaptations, and the feedback mechanisms which may result in both increased risks and opportunities for the following sectors: ‘Ecosystems’, ‘Fisheries and Aquaculture’, ‘Communities’, and ‘Marine Infrastructure’. Climate change impacts are already evident across the region, and over the coming decades air and ocean temperatures will continue to rise, along with sea levels, ocean acidification, ocean deoxygenation, and the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. As next steps for communicating the results within the region, which is currently undergoing a participatory coastal marine planning process, we propose proactive planning measures including communication of the key impacts and projections and cross-sectoral assessments of climate vulnerability and risk to direct decision making.

scholarly journals Characterization of genetic variability among common bean genotypes by morphological descriptors

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene Santos de Lima ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro ◽  
Camila Santana Pereira ◽  
Rogério Faria Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity

The purpose of this study was to characterize the genetic variability in 100 genotypes of the Active Germplasm Bank of common bean of the Federal University of Viçosa, by morphological descriptors, classify them in groups of genetic similarity and to identify the degree of relevance of descriptors of genetic divergence. The genotypes were evaluated based on 22 quantitative and qualitative morphological descriptors. The high-yielding genotypes V 7936, Gold Gate, LM 95103904, 1829 S 349 Venezuela, and PF 9029975, CNFC 9454 and Fe 732015, with upright growth, have potential for use as parents in common bean breeding programs. By genetic divergence analysis, the genotypes were clustered in eight groups of genetic dissimilarity. By methods of principal components, 9 of the 22 descriptors were eliminated, for being redundant or little variable, suggesting that 10-20 morphological descriptors can be used in studies of characterization of genetic variation.

scholarly journals Characterization of 14 Microsatellite Markers for Genetic Analysis and Cultivar Identification of Walnut

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald S. Dangl ◽  
Keith Woeste ◽  
Mallikarjuna K. Aradhya ◽  
Anne Koehmstedt ◽  
Chuck Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Persian Walnut ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Shared Alleles ◽  
Simple Sequence

One hundred and forty-seven primer pairs originally designed to amplify microsatellites, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSR), in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) were screened for utility in persian walnut (J. regia L.). Based on scorability and number of informative polymorphisms, the best 14 loci were selected to analyze a diverse group of 47 persian walnut accessions and one J. hindsii (Jepson) Jepson ex R.E. Sm × J. regia hybrid (Paradox) rootstock. Among the 48 accessions, there were 44 unique multi-locus profiles; the accessions with identical profiles appeared to be synonyms. The pairwise genetic distance based on proportion of shared alleles was calculated for all accessions and a UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram constructed. The results agree well with what is known about the pedigree and/or origins of the genotypes. The SSR markers distinguished pairs of closely related cultivars and should be able to uniquely characterize all walnut cultivars with the exception of budsports. They provide a more powerful and reliable system for the molecular characterization of walnut germplasm than those previously tested. These markers have numerous applications for the walnut industry, including cultivar identification, verification of pedigrees for cultivar and rootstock breeding programs, paternity analysis, and understanding the genetic diversity of germplasm collections.

scholarly journals Evaluating Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Change in Grapevine Production–A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Naulleau ◽  
Christian Gary ◽  
Laurent Prévot ◽  
Laure Hossard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Multi Scale

In many areas of the world, maintaining grapevine production will require adaptation to climate change. While rigorous evaluations of adaptation strategies provide decision makers with valuable insights, those that are published often overlook major constraints, ignore local adaptive capacity, and suffer from a compartmentalization of disciplines and scales. The objective of our study was to identify current knowledge of evaluation methods and their limitations, reported in the literature. We reviewed 111 papers that evaluate adaptation strategies in the main vineyards worldwide. Evaluation approaches are analyzed through key features (e.g., climate data sources, methodology, evaluation criteria) to discuss their ability to address climate change issues, and to identify promising outcomes for climate change adaptations. We highlight the fact that combining adaptation levers in the short and long term (location, vine training, irrigation, soil, and canopy management, etc.) enables local compromises to be reached between future water availability and grapevine productivity. The main findings of the paper are three-fold: (1) the evaluation of a combination of adaptation strategies provides better solutions for adapting to climate change; (2) multi-scale studies allow local constraints and opportunities to be considered; and (3) only a small number of studies have developed multi-scale and multi-lever approaches to quantify feasibility and effectiveness of adaptation. In addition, we found that climate data sources were not systematically clearly presented, and that climate uncertainty was hardly accounted for. Moreover, only a small number of studies have assessed the economic impacts of adaptation, especially at farm scale. We conclude that the development of methodologies to evaluate adaptation strategies, considering both complementary adaptations and scales, is essential if relevant information is to be provided to the decision-makers of the wine industry.

scholarly journals Synthesizing and communicating climate change impacts to inform coastal adaptation planning

FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 704-737
Author(s):  
Charlotte K. Whitney ◽  
Tugce Conger ◽  
Natalie C. Ban ◽  
Romney McPhie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Adaptation Planning ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Sea Levels

Planning for adaptation to climate change requires regionally relevant information on rising air and ocean temperatures, sea levels, increasingly frequent and intense storms, and other climate-related impacts. However, in many regions there are limited focused syntheses of the climate impacts, risks, and potential adaptation strategies for coastal marine areas and sectors. We report on a regional assessment of climate change impacts and recommendations for adaptation strategies in the NE Pacific Coast (British Columbia, Canada), conducted in collaboration with a regional planning and plan implementation partnership (Marine Plan Partnership for the North Pacific Coast), aimed at bridging the gaps between climate science and regional adaptation planning. We incorporated both social and ecological aspects of climate change impacts and adaptations, and the feedback mechanisms which may result in both increased risks and opportunities for the following areas of interest: “Ecosystems”, “Fisheries and Aquaculture”, “Communities”, and “Marine Infrastructure”. As next steps within the region, we propose proactive planning measures including communication of the key impacts and projections and cross-sectoral assessments of climate vulnerability and risk to direct decision-making.

scholarly journals Methodological proposal for the characterization of accessions in Germplasm Banks using Generalized Procrustes Analysis applied to incomplete but connected trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Andrea Lina Lavalle ◽  
Raquel Defacio ◽  
Mariano De Leo ◽  
Sergio Jorge Bramardi
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Generalized Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Germplasm Banks

Characterization of plant material conserved in germplasm banks allows the study and analysis of the genetic variability within a collection. When germplasm banks have a large number of accessions, field evaluation should be performed using assays with manageable accession subsets. Common checks connecting the different assays are required to compare these accession subsets. In this study, the Generalized Procrustes Analysis was proposed as a basis for obtaining a factorial plane where all individuals are projected. This technique is applied to genotypes common to all assays, iteratively generating scale factors and rotation matrices. Accessions only belonging to a given assay are considered supplementary elements. This proposal was illustrated using datasets of 54 maize accessions from the Pergamino Active Germplasm Bank of the Experimental Station at the Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) in Argentina. The proposal achieved highly satisfactory results. Highlights: In field evaluation of large germplasm collections, the material must be divided into manageable experimental trials, in which different accession subsets are evaluated in different environments. A new algorithm based on Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) allowed to find the consensus of several configurations of individuals connected by common checks. The characterization data analysis strategy was illustrated using a set of accessions from the Argentine Maize Germplasm Bank. The new proposal stands as a useful tool for evaluate germplasm collections, providing good results with easy implementation and considering the multivariate structure of the data set.

Less Rain and More Heat”: Smallholders’ Perception and Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Tropical Environments

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Diana Infante Ramírez ◽  
Ana Minerva Arce Ibarra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

The main objective of this study was to analyze local perceptions of climate variability and the different adaptation strategies of four communities in the southern Yucatán Peninsula, using the Social-Ecological System (SES) approach. Four SESs were considered: two in the coastal zone and two in the tropical forest zone. Data were collected using different qualitative methodological tools (interviews, participant observation, and focal groups) and the information collected from each site was triangulated. In all four sites, changes in climate variability were perceived as “less rain and more heat”. In the tropical forest (or Maya) zone, an ancestral indigenous weather forecasting system, known as “Xook k’íin” (or “las cabañuelas”), was recorded and the main activity affected by climate variability was found to be slash-and burn farming or the milpa. In the coastal zone, the main activities affected are fishing and tourism. In all the cases analyzed, local climate change adaptation strategies include undertaking alternative work, and changing the calendar of daily, seasonal and annual labor and seasonal migration. The population of all four SESs displayed concern and uncertainty as regards dealing with these changes and possible changes in the future.

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