scholarly journals Chemical characterization of an Ipecac active germplasm bank – a Brazilian endangered medicinal species

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Elígia Nunes Pinto Paracampo ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Santos de Souza ◽  
Jéssica Caporal Almeida ◽  
Osmar Alves Lameira
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The active germplasm bank (AGB) of Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in the city of Belém, PA, was the first of its kind to be opened in Brazil for this endangered medicinal species and holds important accessions for agricultural and reproductive research, including the production of active principles. This study aimed to chemically characterize 42 accessions from that AGB by simultaneously quantifying cephaeline and emetine contents in roots using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). Cephaeline concentrations ranged from ‘undetected’ to 1.76%, whereas emetine concentrations were found between 0.64% and 2.49%. The overall emetine/cephaeline ratio varied from 0.43 to 3.52. The differences among mean concentrations of alkaloids observed by comparing the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability suggest the chemical variation among the samples assessed. Therefore, it is concluded such chemical differences may favor the selection of genetic material for commercial purposes based on the production of emetine and/or cephaeline, likewise may contribute to breeding programs.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization of Oleaster, Olea europaea var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr., Oils from Different Locations of Northeast Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6414
Author(s):  
Nuno Rodrigues ◽  
Teresa Pinho ◽  
Susana Casal ◽  
António M. Peres ◽  
Paula Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Olea Europaéa

Oleaster (Olea europaea var. sylvestris), or the wild olive tree, has great interest as a source of genetic material for olive breeding programs. Nevertheless, information about its oil composition is scarce. In the present work, the characterization of oleaster fruit morphology and oil chemical composition from three different tree populations in Northeastern Portugal (Moncorvo, Alijó and Vila Nova de Foz Côa) was performed. The three studied populations presented some morphological differences in the fruits, but similar oil chemical composition. Oleic acid (68.9–70.6%) was the most abundant fatty acid. High variability was observed in total tocopherol content, ranging between 263 and 503 mg/kg. Additionally, high amounts of total sterols were found, from 1742 to 2198 mg/kg of oil. A rich composition in phenols was found with 14 phenolic compounds identified. The evaluated parameters for oleander oils allowed discriminating the oils according to the geographical origin and were consistent with those commonly found in olive oil, showing that they are particularly rich in antioxidants and can be exploited in breeding programs to increase the amounts of bioactive compounds in cultivated oils.

scholarly journals Carotenoids profile and total polyphenols in fruits of Pereskia aculeata Miller

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia da Silveira Agostini-Costa ◽  
Danielle Cristina Wondraceck ◽  
Wesley da Silveira Rocha ◽  
Dijalma Barbosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Photodiode Array Detector ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
First Time

Pereskia aculeata Mill. (Ora-pro-nóbis) is a native cactaceae from tropical America, whose leaves have high protein content. In Brazil it is found in all territorial extension between the states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. Most studies have focused on chemical characterization of the leaves of this specie. The objective was to assess the carotenoids profile and the total polyphenols present in the fruits of P. aculeate. Carotenoids were determined by HPLC-PAD (high performance liquid chromatography - photodiode array detector), total polyphenols were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and vanillin methods. Trans-β-carotene was the main carotenoid, followed by α-carotene, lutein and other minor carotenoids. It was found 64.9 ± 1.1 mg.100g-1 of gallic acid equivalent, 14.8 ± 0.2 mg.100g-1 of catechin equivalent. Carotenoid identification of P. aculeate fruits are presented here by the first time and indicate that these fruits can be researched as source of bioactive substances, especially antioxidant and provitamin A carotenoids.

scholarly journals Phytochemical variability during vegetation of Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub genotypes derived from in vitro cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Dreger ◽  
Katarzyna Seidler-Łożykowska ◽  
Milena Szalata ◽  
Artur Adamczak ◽  
Karolina Wielgus
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chamerion Angustifolium ◽  
Oenothein B

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to evaluate Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub genotypes for preliminary selection and further breeding programs aimed at obtaining a suitable industrial form for the pharmaceutical applications. Clonally propagated plants representing 10 genotypes of Ch. angustifolium were regenerated under in vitro conditions, hardened and planted in the field. Studies included an evaluation of shoot proliferation, phytochemical assessment of in vitro and ex vitro plants as well as investigations of intraspecies variability regarding four phenological stages: vegetative, beginning of blooming, full blooming, and green fruit phases. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of bioactive compounds were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The efficiency of shoot multiplication varied between genotypes from 8.12 to 21.48 shoots per explant. A high reproduction rate (> 20 shoots per explant) was recorded for four lines (PL_45, PL_44, PL_58, DE_2). Plants grown in vitro synthesized oenothein B (11.2–22.3 mg g−1 DW) and caffeic acid derivatives. Plants harvested from field contained the full spectrum of polyphenols characteristic for this species, and oenothein B and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide were the most abundant. The maximal content of oenothein B was determined in the vegetative phase of fireweed, while some flavonoids were found in the highest amount in full blooming phase. The results of analysis of variance indicated significant differences among genotypes in oenothein B, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid and flavonoids accumulation in four phenological phases. PL_44 plants were characterized by high content of oenothein B and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide as well as a relatively high level of other flavonoids. Based on our phytochemical and micropropagation studies, PL_44 genotype was the best candidate for early selection and further breeding programs.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3212
Author(s):  
Noa Miguez ◽  
Peter Kidibule ◽  
Paloma Santos-Moriano ◽  
Antonio O. Ballesteros ◽  
Maria Fernandez-Lobato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Chitin Hydrolysis

Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.

A Framework for Assessment of Existing Solid Waste Management Practices and Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in Muzzafarnagar City, India

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ankur Choudhary ◽  
Rajiv Ganguly ◽  
Ashok Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The City

This chapter reports the details of the existing system of MSW management and characterization of Muzaffarnagar City located in Western Uttar Pradesh (UP) state in India. The overall waste generated in the city is about 120-125 tons per day (TPD) with a per capita generation rate of 0.415 kg/person/day with a collection efficiency of 70-80%. Physico-chemical and geotechnical properties of the MSW were carried out to determine its overall characteristics. The characterization results showed about 46% of the waste generated in the city is organic nature (from HIG and MIG) and 52% for (LIG) with chemical characterization showing that the elemental carbon was in the highest proportion. Further, the chapter also recommends suitable remedial measures for proper management of the existing MSW management system and suitable treatment alternatives.

scholarly journals Agronomic potential and selection of okra hybrids to obtain potential genitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M Maciel ◽  
Rafael R Finzi ◽  
Alexandre William C Marra ◽  
Fábio J Carvalho ◽  
Ana Paula O Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Canonical Analysis ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Evaluation of pre-commercial hybrids in a germplasm bank is essential for determining its commercial potential or its utility as a potential genitor in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to determine genetic divergence and per se behavior of 47 pre-commercial hybrids from okra germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Precocity index (%), number of fruits (fruits per plant), average fruit mass (g) and productivity (g per plant) were evaluated. Analysis of genetic divergence was performed by multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis distance with different clustering methods (UPGMA and canonical analysis). The performance of hybrids was compared by Scott-Knott (p= 0.05). A significant genetic variability among okra hybrids was observed. UPGMA and canonical analysis grouped the hybrids similarly, being satisfactory to represent genetic divergence. Ten hybrids presented higher performance than the commercial hybrids. Among them, UFU-QB16 stood out as the most promising hybrid for being used as a potential parent in breeding programs after auto pollination.

scholarly journals Analysis and selection of parental forms for crossbreeding of early potatoes for the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00125
Author(s):  
Vladimir Molianov ◽  
Oleg Vinogradov ◽  
Natalya Ivanayskaya
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

In the modern changing climate, selective breeding has been essential for increasing production and ensuring stable yields. Potato varieties with different ripening periods are suitable for the conditions of the Middle Volga region. High-yielding varieties resistant to mechanical damage and diseases, varieties with increased heat resistance and a complex of other important features are being created. The emergence of new directions has complicated the solution of breeding programs and required the orgaization of an intermediate stage in this work: the identification and use of special parent forms - carriers of useful qualities. This is a basic, but necessary task when involving a variety of genetic material in the selection process. Research on the topic was carried out in 2017–2019 in the Samara region (RF) in a special shielded area of AGROSTAR LLC in cooperation with experts of the potato farm of VNIIKH FGBNU, MAG LLC (Kinel), Agrocenter Korenevo LLC, and with the participation of experts of Bavaria-Saat GmbH, Germany.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization of Capsule-Brewed Espresso Coffee Aroma from the Most Widespread Italian Brands by HS-SPME/GC-MS

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Veronica Lolli ◽  
Animesh Acharjee ◽  
Donato Angelino ◽  
Michele Tassotti ◽  
Daniele Del Rio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Espresso Coffee ◽  
Volatile Profiles ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Selection Of

Coffee capsules market is on the rise as it allows access to a wide selection of coffee, differing in taste and brand. However, few data about the chemical characterization of the capsule-brewed coffee aroma are available. In this work, an untargeted approach using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and combined to chemometrics was performed to study and compare aroma profile from 65 capsule-brewed espresso coffees (ECs) commercialized by five of the most representative brands in Italy. Volatile profiles obtained from ECs were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, which generally did not show a significant variability among coffees belonging to the same brand, except for those modified after the addition of specific flavor additives or aromatic substances (such as caramel, chocolate, etc.). Similarities may be related to the starting coffee brew or the processing method, which is likely the same for each individual brand. Additionally, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that capsules from a specific brand contain the highest concentration of pyrazines, thus characterized by an intense and characteristic aroma, and a stronger note than those from the other brands. This study supports that the chemical analysis in conjunction with chemometric tools is a useful approach for assessing flavor quality, even if the need remains to identify volatile markers of high-quality beverages.

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