Violencia de (L) género: “Hacia una sofística de la materialidad de los cuerpos” / Violent gender: “To a sophistry of the materiality of bodies”

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Claudio Reyes Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Material Body ◽  
Aristotelian Logic ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Critical Gender Studies

Los estudios críticos de género sustancialistas desconocen su posición teórico-política en el momento de explayar algunas de sus hipótesis fundamentales. El presente estudio intenta dar cuenta de las consecuencias éticas que asume llevar hasta el final algunas de estas posiciones teóricas. Advertimos así que obras fundamentales de estos estudios se apropian con claridad, y sin saberlo, de una lógica aristotélica para tratar la asunción material del cuerpo, el sujeto y el género ¿Qué encontramos específicamente en esta lógica? Esta última se caracteriza por tener su raíz en una ontología inamovible, en donde cualquier intento de desbaratar el “ser” tiene como respuesta inmediata la exclusión violenta de la diferencia: concretamente observamos esto, dialogando tanto con colegas como legos, en la “violencia académica” pero también en la “violencia cotidiana” ¿Cómo salir del cierre metafísico que ha mantenido durante décadas la violencia y exclusión de aquello que se generó en primera instancia, paradójicamente, como argumentación de tolerancia y emancipación? Pensamos que deconstruyendo el discurso de género aristotélico podremos vislumbrar nuevas hipótesis y posiciones ético-políticas que no recurran, para validarse, a la exclusión violenta de nuevos cuerpos-sujetos-géneros. Some critical gender studies do not know their theoretical and political position at the time to developing some of their basic assumptions. This study attempts to explain the ethical consequences that lead to the end some of these theoretical positions. We realize that fundamental works of these studies clearly appropriating, and without knowing it, an aristotelian logic to justify the assumption of material body, the subject and gender. What specifically found in this logic? It is characterized to found on an immovable ontology, where any attempt to disrupt the “being” has as an immediate violent response to exclude the difference: specifically we observe this, dialoguing with colleagues and laymen, in the “academic violence” but also “everyday violence”. How to get out of the metaphysical closure that maintained for decades the violence and exclusion of what is generated in the first place, paradoxically, as argument of tolerance and emancipation? We think deconstructing the aristotelian discourse of gender can warn new hypotheses and ethical positions that not based, to validate, on a violent exclusion of new bodies-subject-genres positions.

scholarly journals Die Abwesenheit der Phänomenologie in der deutschen Humangeographie

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Hasse
Keyword(s):  
Sense Perception ◽  
Material Body ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Potential Gain ◽  
Spatially Extended ◽  
Critical Human Geography ◽  
Theoretical Conception ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Phenomenological View

Abstract. This article is written from the perspective of phenomenology. Its potential gain for a critical human geography is discussed in contrast to the paradigmatic frame of basic assumptions in constructivism. The example of atmospheres will illustrate another theoretical conception of space. In phenomenological view there happens not only a reality of things but also a circum-actuality is not spatially extended like a house or another material objective. Atmospheres are vital qualities (Dürckheim) we feel like a cloud in our sense perception in situations of awareness. This implies the necessity to make a difference between a material body (Körper) and a felt body (Leib). This epistemic knowledge will improve our critique of neoliberal societies, tuned by aestheticisation especially in glamour CBDs of postmodern cities. Finally there is a close link to the work of Michel Foucault, topped off in his The Hermeneutics of the Subject. References to the Critical Theory (Frankfurter Schule) are connected.

A Dictionary of Cultural Anthropology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Vivanco
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Scientific Racism ◽  
External Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Writing Culture ◽  
And Gender

Over 400 entriesThis new dictionary provides concise, authoritative definitions for a range of concepts relating to cultural anthropology, as well as important findings and intellectual figures in the field. Entries include adaptation, kinship, scientific racism, and writing culture, providing its readers with a wide-ranging overview of the subject.This accessibly written and engaging text presents anthropology as a dynamic and lively field of enquiry. Complemented by a global list of anthropological organizations, more than 15 figures and tables to illustrate the entries, and weblinks pointing to useful external sources, this is an essential text for undergraduates studying anthropology, and also serves those studying allied subjects such as politics, economics, geography, sociology, and gender studies.

Other Women: Thinking Class and Gender in Contemporary Brazilian Documentary Film

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Maia
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact

Focusing on the relational dimension of some selected works, this essay proposes to consider the subject matter as films with women rather than films of women. The main effort is to understand something that takes place in-between spaces – before and after the camera, but also between viewer and film – and critically reflect on the aesthetic, ethical and political potential that a cinema marked by different women’s perspectives can bring to light. The author concludes that instead of reflecting a certain proximity between women, most films by contemporary female documentarists in Brazil, are suffering from the impact of the difference in social station between the director and the women being filmed.

Authorship, ‘Ghost-filled’ Islands and the Haunting Feminine: Contemporary Scottish Female Gothic

2017 ◽  
pp. 222-235
Author(s):  
Monica Germanà
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Women's Writing ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Female Gothic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women’S Writing

While scholars are certainly indebted to Ellen Moers’s pioneering work on women’s writing, it would be difficult to agree, with almost four decades of Gothic criticism behind us, that ‘Female Gothic is easily defined’ (1977: 90). The topic has been the subject of contested definitions and critical revisions informed by both the contentious boundaries of the critical category in question, and the changing perspectives in feminist and gender studies (Fitzgerald 2009). While the link between Female Gothic and the biological sex of its authors has been frequently challenged, in one of the most recent works, we are also reminded that ‘Gothic and feminist categories now demand a self-criticism with respect to their totalising gestures and assumptions’ (Brabon and Genz 2007: 7).

THE CYBORG AS THE CODE OF A NEW ONTOLOGY. POLITICAL AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HYBRID BODIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-128
Keyword(s):  
New Materialism ◽  
Feminist Critique ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
New Algorithms ◽  
Cultural Hybrid

The article considers the concept of “the cyborg” which has become a code in contemporary culture thanks to A Cyborg Manifesto by Donna Haraway. The cyborg is the first natural-cultural hybrid of a new ontology that rejects the classical division between nature and culture along with the power and gender aspects of this distinction. The cyborg is neither a subject, nor an object; it is not a network. The cyborg may be conceived only from the perspective of non-classical epistemology. But then the frame of the customary political oppositions and social norms shifts. In the paper the author considers what epistemological resources that made such a radical position possible. Cyberpunk cyborgs buy into the classical ontological binary: they conspire to obtain power while fearing self-generating machines and the biological individualized person. Haraway’s cyborg, however, is based on a feminist critique of the subject and of the objectification of femininity. That critique in combination with post-positivism and anarcho-epistemology has enabled the development of a new code of ontology in which the opposition between nature and culture is radically rejected and replaced by a hybrid symbiosis without external foundations. This approach has paved the way for contemporary contingent/unstable ontologies, agent realism and the new materialism. A political position derived from contingent ontology would not formulate antagonistic oppositions of doubtful genesis. It would instead construct new algorithms, connections, and interactions in a fragile non-repressive natural-cultural reality bombarded by a constant influx of new data.

scholarly journals Sex and Marriage in Machiavelli’s Mandragola: A Close(t) Reading

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-36
Author(s):  
Konrad Eisenbichler
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Désir Sexuel ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sexual Interests

This article carries out a close reading of Niccolò Machiavelli’s play Mandragola (The mandrake root) from the perspective of sex and gender studies. In so doing, it takes into consideration what the play says or suggests about sexual desire, sexual practices, and conjugal life. This somewhat less conventional examination reveals that, under cover of entertainment and humour, Machiavelli was raising important questions about contemporary marriage conventions and sexual practices that ranged from the difference in age between the spouses to the difference in their sexual interests, from a couple’s desire for progeny to the partners’ (un)willingness to pay the marriage debt, from the matter of a man’s “honour” to the question of a woman’s “worth.” Cet article propose une lecture approfondie de la pièce de théâtre Mandragola (La Mandragore) de Nicolas Machiavel du point de vue du sexe et des études de genre. On y considère ce que cette pièce exprime ou suggère à propos du désir sexuel, des pratiques sexuelles et de la vie conjugale. Cette approche quelque peu non conventionnelle fait apparaître que Machiavel, sous les apparences du divertissement et de l’humour, y soulève d’importantes questions quant aux conventions de mariage et aux pratiques sexuelles de son époque, depuis la différence d’âge entre les conjoints jusqu’à leurs différences d’intérêt sexuel, en passant par le désir de procréer et le consentement à payer la dette de mariage, ainsi que par le sujet de « l’honneur » de l’homme et les interrogations sur la « valeur » de la femme.

scholarly journals MI, NAROD FEDERACIJE! USTAVOTVORNA VLAST U KLASIČNIM I SUVREMENIM FEDERACIJAMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-34
Author(s):  
Robert Podolnjak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fundamental Distinction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

Regardless of the earlier assumptions about the obsolescence of the classic federal theory, the paper emphasizes the contemporary significance and relevance of federalism. Europe is the epicentre of modern federalization processes, not only when it comes to the European Union, but also a number of European countries such as Belgium, Spain and the United Kingdom. The paper points out the fundamental distinction between the classic and modern federalism, which has its origin in the fact that federal systems 'arise' differently as a result of opposite processes of federalization and that in this sense we can distinguish between classic “integrative” and modern “devolutive” federalism. The basic assumptions of the paper are that 1) these two federalism patterns originally differ in the character of the basic constitutive act of the federal union with regard to the subject of creating a federation, and 2) because contemporary federations are “federal states without a federal foundation” this difference is not noticeable today. On the contrary, it has largely disappeared, and in this way, the difference between classic and modern federalism is actually bridged.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE AND GENDER STUDIES: PAST AND CURRENT APPROACHES AND DEBATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thu Ha
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Language And Gender ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

This study looks at the different approaches in language and gender research since its emergence in the early 1970s. These approaches, namely the dominance, the difference and the postmodernist approach, are reviewed in a chronological order together with sample studies reflecting the tenets of each approach. A comparison across the approaches is also provided to offer profound understanding of the approaches. Current trends in language and gender studies are also highlighted to inform potential researchers in the field of the updated foci in literature.

scholarly journals The Ground on Which We All Stand: A Conversation About Menstrual Equity Law and Activism

2020 ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Bridget Crawford ◽  
Margaret Johnson ◽  
Marcy Karin ◽  
Laura Strausfeld ◽  
Emily Gold
Keyword(s):  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Intersectional Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This essay grows out of a panel discussion among five lawyers on the subject of menstrual equity activism. Each of the authors is a scholar, activist, or organizer involved in some form of menstrual equity work. The overall project is both enriched and complicated by an intersectional analysis. This essay increases awareness of existing menstrual equity and menstrual justice work; it also identifies avenues for further inquiry, next steps for legal action, and opportunities that lie ahead. After describing prior and current work at the junction of law and menstruation, the contributors evaluate the successes and limitations of recent legal changes. The authors then turn to conceptual issues about the relationship between menstrual equity and gender justice, as well as the difference between equity and equality. The essay concludes with consideration of the future of menstrual equity and menstrual justice work. The authors envision an expanded, inclusive group of individuals working for greater gender justice.

scholarly journals Performer’s Body: Cross-Gender Casting as an Estrangement Technique in Theatre

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ognjen Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Male To Female

The main thesis of the present article is that cross-gender casting can function as a Brechtian estrangement technique, an approach which denaturalizes gender and other social constructs. The term “cross-gender casting” is preferred to the term “travesty”, which is mainly used by Serbian theatre critics, because it is more precise and refers directly to gender studies. The theoretical framework of our analysis is constituted by theatre and performance studies on the one hand, and gender studies on the other. The concept of performance introduced by Erica Fischer-Lichte helps us to understand the tension between the “phenomenal body” and the “semiotic body” of the performer, which is increased by cross-gender casting. The result of this tension is the phenomenon we call “cross-gender effect”. The new amalgam-body is best described as queer because it is simultaneously perceived as both male and female. The ambivalent impact it has on the audience could be understood through the concepts of otherness and Julia Kristeva’s abjection. In order to explain the difference between male-to-female and female-to-male cross-gender casting, we discuss two Serbian performances: Gospođa Ministarka / Mrs Minister (Boško Buha Theatre, 2013) and Skup (Yugoslav Drama Theatre, 2002). The cross-gender effect is more intense in the first example because female physical bodies are generally more easily absorbed by male semiotic bodies. By its capacity to denaturalize “the normal” in the patriarchal worlds of Nušić and Držić, the cross-gender technique brings about new meanings, some of which may even have eluded the creators of the analyzed performances.

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