scholarly journals Consumptive use pattern of mustard (Brassica Juncea L) under different soil and climatic environments

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
A. CHOWDHURY ◽  
H. P. DAS ◽  
S. D. GAIKWAD
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
North India ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Plant Uses ◽  
Climatic Environment ◽  
Important Cash Crop

Mustard is an important cash crop in north India where it is widely grown under different climatic environment and soil types. In the present study, evapotranspiration and other agro-meteoralogical data for four agroclimatic locations, viz., Jorhat, Samakhunta, Raipur and Jodhpur have been utilized to understand consumptive use and related aspects of mustard. The evapotranspiration values recorded by  lysimeters, global radiation and actual soil moisture data of Jorhat and the computed soil moisture have been used.               The study suggests that the nlustard plant uses n10re water at all the stations except at humid location where consumptive use is least. The utilization is n1aximum betw~n 31-60 days after sowing in case ofJorhat l;er 111 and Samakhunta. The con1puted soil 1110isture estimates for 45 cm layer agree with the actual soil moisture. 15-1 The analysis also brings oUt that during the seventh week after sowing, the ratio of consumpiive use and rti. Ru Ilobal radiation attains a nlaxin1um value. This infonnation can be used for detennining irrigation needs and ular m computing energy balance components in the crop. ncymodsE..C.1..S.l.R...llC  

scholarly journals Solar and net radiation, available energy and its influence on evapotranspiration from grass.

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
D.W. Scholte Ubing
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Available Energy

From studies on radiation and energy balance in the Netherlands it is concluded that reliable values for net radiation over 24-hr periods can be obtained by computation, if differences in the weather during day and night are taken into account. A comparison is given of measured net radiation above short grass with net radiation computed from air temperature, water vapour pressure in the air and sunshine duration. Variations in the nature of a cropped surface, as a consequence of variations in conditions of such a surface, may influence the radiation and energy balance. However, if soil moisture becomes less available for plant roots, soil moisture content has a much more important influence on the proportion of the available energy used in heating the soil, the air and in evapotranspiration than the type and nature of the soil cover. For daily and 24-hr periods with similar atmospheric conditions, a linear relationship between total global radiation and net radiation can be expected. The ratio between evapotranspiration from short grass under optimal water supply and the evaporation from a wet surface (or thin water layer) varied greatly for short periods of time under different conditions of radiation and temperature. These variations could be due to plant or weather factors influencing the stomatal apertures, although variations in stability of the lower air layers may have had some influence. Variations in intensity of potential and of maximum evapotranspiration rates and differences in the diurnal variations, as compared with the diurnal variation of net radiation, are shown. A decrease of actual evapotranspiration from crops as soil moisture becomes less available and, of course, the potential evapotranspiration rate, strongly depend on the net radiation gain. F. s.- R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multiple Methods for the Production of Continuous Evapotranspiration Estimates from TIR Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Emilie Delogu ◽  
Albert Olioso ◽  
Aubin Alliès ◽  
Jérôme Demarty ◽  
Gilles Boulet
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Soil Moisture Availability ◽  
Local Surface Temperature

Continuous daily estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) spatially distributed at plot scale are required to monitor the water loss and manage crop irrigation needs. Remote sensing approaches in the thermal infrared (TIR) domain are relevant to assess actual ET and soil moisture status but due to lengthy return intervals and cloud cover, data acquisition is not continuous over time. This study aims to assess the performances of 6 commonly used as well as two new reference quantities including rainfall as an index of soil moisture availability to reconstruct seasonal ET from sparse estimates and as a function of the revisit frequency. In a first step, instantaneous in situ eddy-covariance flux tower data collected over multiple ecosystems and climatic areas were used as a proxy for perfect retrievals on satellite overpass dates. In a second step, instantaneous estimations at the time of satellite overpass were produced using the Soil Plant Atmosphere and Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration (SPARSE) energy balance model in order to evaluate the errors concurrent to the use of an energy balance model simulating the instantaneous IRT products from the local surface temperature. Significant variability in the performances from site to site was observed particularly for long revisit frequencies over 8 days, suggesting that the revisit frequency necessary to achieve accurate estimates of ET via temporal upscaling needs to be fewer than 8 days whatever the reference quantity used. For shorter return interval, small differences among the interpolation techniques and reference quantities were found. At the seasonal scale, very simple methods using reference quantities such as the global radiation or clear sky radiation appeared relevant and robust against long revisit frequencies. For infra-seasonal studies targeting stress detection and irrigation management, taking the amount of precipitation into account seemed necessary, especially to avoid the underestimation of ET over cloudy days during a long period without data acquisitions.

scholarly journals Analysis of an Extreme Weather Event in a Hyper Arid Region Using WRF-Hydro Coupling, Station, and Satellite data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Wehbe ◽  
Marouane Temimi ◽  
Michael Weston ◽  
Naira Chaouch ◽  
Oliver Branch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Event ◽  
Weather Event

Abstract. This study investigates an extreme weather event that impacted the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in March 2016 using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.7.1 coupled with its hydrological modeling extension package (Hydro). Six-hourly forecasted forcing records at 0.5o spatial resolution, obtained from the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), are used to drive the three nested downscaling domains of both standalone WRF and coupled WRF/WRF-Hydro configurations for the recent flood-triggering storm. Ground and satellite observations over the UAE are employed to validate the model results. Precipitation, soil moisture, and cloud fraction retrievals from GPM (30-minute, 0.1o product), AMSR2 (daily, 0.1o product), and MODIS (daily, 5 km product), respectively, are used to assess the model output. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), relative bias (rBIAS) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) are used as performance measures. Results show reductions of 24 % and 13 % in RMSE and rBIAS measures, respectively, in precipitation forecasts from the coupled WRF/WRF-Hydro model configuration, when compared to standalone WRF. The coupled system also shows improvements in global radiation forecasts, with reductions of 45 % and 12 % for RMSE and rBIAS, respectively. Moreover, WRF-Hydro was able to simulate the spatial distribution of soil moisture reasonably well across the study domain when compared to AMSR2 satellite soil moisture estimates, despite a noticeable dry/wet bias in areas where soil moisture is high/low. The demonstrated improvement, at the local scale, implies that WRF-Hydro coupling may enhance hydrologic forecasts and flash flood guidance systems in the region.

scholarly journals Field Observations During the Fifth Microwave Water and Energy Balance Experiment (MicroWEX-5): from March 9 through May 26, 2006

EDIS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Casanova ◽  
Fei Yan ◽  
Mi-young Jang ◽  
Juan Fernandez ◽  
Jasmeet Judge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Biological Engineering

Circular 1514, a 47-page illustrated report by Joaquin Casanova, Fei Yan, Mi-young Jang, Juan Fernandez, Jasmeet Judge, Clint Slatton, Kai-Jen Calvin Tien, Tzu-yun Lin, Orlando Lanni, and Larry Miller, presents the results of experiments using microwave remote sensing to determine root-zone soil moisture at UF/IFAS PSREU. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, May 2007. CIR1514/AE407: Field Observations During the Fifth Microwave Water and Energy Balance Experiment: from March 9 through May 26, 2006 (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals An evapotranspiration model self-calibrated from remotely sensed surface soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation cover fraction: application to disaggregated SMOS and MODIS data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouchra Ait Hssaine ◽  
Olivier Merlin ◽  
Jamal Ezzahar ◽  
Nitu Ojha ◽  
Salah Er-raki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Thermal-based two-source energy balance modeling is very useful for estimating the land evapotranspiration (ET) at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. However, the land surface temperature (LST) is not sufficient for constraining simultaneously both soil and vegetation flux components in such a way that assumptions (on either the soil or the vegetation fluxes) are commonly required. To avoid such assumptions, a new energy balance model (TSEB-SM) was recently developed in Ait Hssaine et al. (2018a) to integrate the microwave-derived near-surface soil moisture (SM), in addition to the thermal-derived LST and vegetation cover fraction (fc). Whereas, TSEB-SM has been recently tested using in-situ measurements, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of TSEB-SM in real-life using 1 km resolution MODIS (Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) LST and fc data and the 1 km resolution SM data disaggregated from SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) observations by using DisPATCh. The approach is applied during a four-year period (2014–2018) over a rainfed wheat field in the Tensift basin, central Morocco, during a four-year period (2014–2018). The field was seeded for the 2014–2015 (S1), 2016–2017 (S2) and 2017–2018 (S3) agricultural season, while it was not ploughed (remained as bare soil) during the 2015–2016 (B1) agricultural season. The mean retrieved values of (arss, brss) calculated for the entire study period using satellite data are (7.32, 4.58). The daily calibrated αPT ranges between 0 and 1.38 for both S1 and S2. Its temporal variability is mainly attributed to the rainfall distribution along the agricultural season. For S3, the daily retrieved αPT remains at a mostly constant value (∼ 0.7) throughout the study period, because of the lack of clear sky disaggregated SM and LST observations during this season. Compared to eddy covariance measurements, TSEB driven only by LST and fc data significantly overestimates latent heat fluxes for the four seasons. The overall mean bias values are 119, 94, 128 and 181 W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively. In contrast, these errors are much reduced when using TSEB-SM (SM and LST combined data) with the mean bias values estimated as 39, 4, 7 and 62 W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively.

scholarly journals Stomatal Frequency and Distribution in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Relation to Soil Moisture

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
NK Paul ◽  
RK Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Stomatal Frequency

Effect of soil moisture on stomatal frequency and distribution of mustard was studied. The irrigated plants had significantly higher number of stomata on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaf than the rainfed plants. No significant effect of soil moisture on stomatal frequency of stem and pod was found. Key words: Mustard, soil moisture, stomatal frequency, pod. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(3), 353-356 2007

scholarly journals Soil water retention curves for the major soil types of the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Buitenwerf ◽  
Andrew Kulmatiski ◽  
Steven I. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Moisture Retention

Soil water potential is crucial to plant transpiration and thus to carbon cycling and biosphere–atmosphere interactions, yet it is difficult to measure in the field. Volumetric and gravimetric water contents are easy and cheap to measure in the field, but can be a poor proxy of plant-available water. Soil water content can be transformed to water potential using soil moisture retention curves. We provide empirically derived soil moisture retention curves for seven soil types in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Site-specific curves produced excellent estimates of soil water potential from soil water content values. Curves from soils derived from the same geological substrate were similar, potentially allowing for the use of one curve for basalt soils and another for granite soils. It is anticipated that this dataset will help hydrologists and ecophysiologists understand water dynamics, carbon cycling and biosphere–atmosphere interactions under current and changing climatic conditions in the region.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the lower ablation zone of the West Greenland ice sheet for energy-balance modelling

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel van den Broeke
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Turbulent Fluxes ◽  
Ablation Zone ◽  
The West ◽  
West Greenland

In this paper, we present the summer-time energy balance for a site in the lower ablation zone of the West Greenland ice sheet. The summer climate of this part of Greenland is sunny and dry. The energy that is available for melting (on average 174 W m−2or 4.5 cm w.e.d−1) is mainly provided by net global radiation two-thirds and sensible-heat flux (one-third). The contribution of the sub-surface heat flux, the latent-heat flux and the net longwave radiation to the energy balance are small. We tested some parameterizations to calculate energy-balance components that are currently used in general circulation models, energy-balance models and mesoscale meteorological models. For the area and time period under consideration, parameterizations that use screen-level temperature for the calculation of incoming longwave radiation systematically underestimate this quantity by 10 W m−2owing to the proximity of the melting-ice surface that restricts temperature increase of the lowest air layers. The incoming global radiation was predicted correctly. Simple explicit schemes that calculate the stability corrections for turbulent fluxes as a function of the bulk Richardson number tend to underestimate the turbulent fluxes by 15 W m−2. The aerodynamic roughness lengthz0derived from wind-speed profiles appears to be erroneously small, leading to underestimation of the fluxes by 30 W m−2. Probably, the wind profile is distorted by the rough terrain. An estimate ofz0biased on microtopographical survey yielded a more realistic result. Because all errors work in the same direction, the use of some of the parameterizations can cause serious underestimation of the melting energy.

scholarly journals Influence of cracking clays on satellite estimated and model simulated soil moisture

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Liu ◽  
J. P. Evans ◽  
M. F. McCabe ◽  
R. A. M. de Jeu ◽  
A. I. J. M. van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Community Land Model

Abstract. Vertisols are clay soils that are common in the monsoonal and dry warm regions of the world. One of the characteristics of these soil types is to form deep cracks during periods of extended dry, resulting in significant variation of the soil and hydrologic properties. Understanding the influence of these varying soil properties on the hydrological behavior of the system is of considerable interest, particularly in the retrieval or simulation of soil moisture. In this study we compare surface soil moisture (θ in m3 m−3) retrievals from AMSR-E using the VUA-NASA (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in collaboration with NASA) algorithm with simulations from the Community Land Model (CLM) over vertisol regions of mainland Australia. For the three-year period examined here (2003–2005), both products display reasonable agreement during wet periods. During dry periods however, AMSR-E retrieved near surface soil moisture falls below values for surrounding non-clay soils, while CLM simulations are higher. CLM θ are also higher than AMSR-E and their difference keeps increasing throughout these dry periods. To identify the possible causes for these discrepancies, the impacts of land use, topography, soil properties and surface temperature used in the AMSR-E algorithm, together with vegetation density and rainfall patterns, were investigated. However these do not explain the observed θ responses. Qualitative analysis of the retrieval model suggests that the most likely reason for the low AMSR-E θ is the increase in soil porosity and surface roughness resulting from cracking of the soil. To quantitatively identify the role of each factor, more in situ measurements of soil properties that can represent different stages of cracking need to be collected. CLM does not simulate the behavior of cracking soils, including the additional loss of moisture from the soil continuum during drying and the infiltration into cracks during rainfall events, which results in overestimated θ when cracks are present. The hydrological influence of soil physical changes are expected to propagate through the modeled system, such that modeled infiltration, evaporation, surface temperature, surface runoff and groundwater recharge should be interpreted with caution over these soil types when cracks might be present. Introducing temporally dynamic roughness and soil porosity into retrieval algorithms and adding a "cracking clay" module into models are expected to improve the representation of vertisol hydrology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document