scholarly journals Evapotranspiration and soil moisture balance in relation to yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum gIaucum)

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
H. P. DAS ◽  
A. KASHYAPI ◽  
S. G. APTE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Stress Situation ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Moisture Balance ◽  
Balance Technique ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Moisture Balance

In this study. the agrometeorological data of Hisar and Bellary have been utilized to  examine evapotranspirative demand of the pearl millet at different phases during the crop growing period.Water use efficiency of the crop has also been worked out and discussted. Cumulative soil moisture balance was computed to assess the crop stress situation, Attempt has also been made to assess the moisture availability to the crop during the growing period and to estimate the yield, The study revealed that the pearl millet used maximum amount of water during the flowering stage at both locations. The same variety of pearl millet was found to use water more efficiently at Hisar than at Bellary. The yield index based on soil moisture balance technique was found to give a good indication of the yield.

scholarly journals Effect of soil moisture stress on growth light azimuth and yield of dryland sorghum

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
H. P. DAS ◽  
A. N. KALE ◽  
A. S. PONKSHE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Moisture Balance ◽  
Soil Moisture Balance

Based on weekly data for 4 years (1986-1989) at Bellary, soil moisture balance for rabi sorghum has been worked out for both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. These soil moisture values have been used to identify periods of water stress which the crop experienced. during the growth cycle. The extent of yield reduction due to the stress was then evaluated from the actual soil water content and total available water extent and discussed. The ratio of evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration and water requirement of the crop has also been worked out to assess the stress situation of the crop during its growing period. This ratio has been found to be related to moisture availability at the root zone.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Irrigation Regime for Early Potatoes, Late Cauliflower, Early Cabbage and Celery

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Zavadil Josef
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Suction Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Moisture Balance ◽  
Seasonal Irrigation ◽  
Soil Moisture Balance

The paper deals with optimisation of threshold suction pressure of soil water on light soils for early potatoes, early cabbage, late cauliflower and celery on the basis of results of small-plot field experiments with differentiated irrigation regime. Experiments were conducted in 2003–2005. Threshold suction pressures of soil water were identical for all crops: 15 kPa in treatment I, 30 kPa in treatment II, 60 kPa in treatment III, and 120 kPa in treatment IV. Precipitation, air temperature and relative humidity, global solar radiation, wind speed and direction were measured by an automated meteorological station. Reference and actual evapotranspiration was determined for the experimental crops according to FAO Paper No. 56 and by means of a biological curve (BC) in 2003–2005. To compare these two methods of calculation of actual evapotranspiration the soil moisture balance was found out. Based on the influence on marketable yield and proportion of the crop quality grades it is possible to determine the optimum threshold suction pressure on light loamy-sand soils in early potatoes, late cauliflower and cabbage 30 kPa and in celery 15 kPa. 80% of available soil water capacity (ASWC) corresponds to the threshold suction pressure 30 kPa, and as much as 96% of ASWC corresponds to 15 kPa. The seasonal irrigation depths determined on the basis of soil moisture balance, in which the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) is calculated either according to FAO 56 or by the BC, are substantially different from the really achieved irriga­tion depths in the treatments where optimal suction pressure is maintained. For potatoes, the really achieved values of seasonal irrigation depths are nearer to the depths calculated by the BC, while for the other vegetables (cauliflower, cabbage and celery) they are more similar to the depths calculated by FAO 56 methodology. The theoretical irrigation depths calculated by the BC method sometimes differ substantially from those based on FAO 56. These differences are at maximum for cauliflower and celery and at minimum for cabbage and decrease with the decreasing irrigation depths.

scholarly journals Effect of date of sowing and rainfall on sustainability of yield and rainwater use efficiency in cereal crops under arid alfisols

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
B.SAHADEVA REDDY ◽  
B.RAVINDRANATHA REDDY ◽  
C.RADHA KUMARI ◽  
G.R.MARUTHI SANKAR ◽  
Y.ASHOKA REDDY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Equivalent Yield ◽  
Onset Of Monsoon ◽  
Made In

An assessment of the effects of date of sowing and crop seasonal rainfall on the sustainability of yield and rainwater use efficiency (RWUE) of sorghum, pearl millet and foxtail millet sown on five dates at 15 days interval from first fortnight of June to first fortnight of August during 2009 to 2014 under arid Alfisols at Anantapur has been made in this paper. A suitable date of sowing has been identified for each crop based on the relationships sorghum equivalent yield with crop seasonal rainfall and crop growing period observed in the 6-year study. The yield was significantly influenced by the variation in the crop seasonal rainfall and crop growing period when sown on different dates of sowing. It was significantly higher when crops were sown with the onset of monsoon in the first fortnight of June, and decreased with the subsequent sowings. Among crops, sorghum attained maximum mean yield of 923 kg ha-1 with RWUE of 2.73 kg ha-1 mm-1; while pearl millet attained mean yield of 873 kg ha-1 with RWUE of 2.95 kg ha-1 mm-1 and foxtail millet attained mean yield of 646 kg ha-1 with RWUE of 1.64 kg ha-1 mm-1 when sown during first fortnight of June. Based on the ranks assigned to the yield attained on different dates of sowing in different years, pearl millet was superior for sustaining maximum yield and RWUE comparedto sorghum and foxtail millet under arid Alfisols at Anantapur.

Quantification of groundwater recharge in a hard rock terrain of Orissa: a case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranu Rani Sethi ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
S. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Hard Rock Terrain ◽  
Moisture Balance ◽  
Soil Moisture Balance

A study was carried out to select the best method to estimate groundwater recharge in a hard rock terrain. Various standard empirical methods, soil-moisture balance method, water table fluctuation (WTF) method and commonly adopted norms set by Groundwater Estimation Committee (GEC), Govt of India were used to estimate recharge for the Munijhara watershed in the Nayagarh block of Orissa (India). The empirical formulae gave recharge rates ranging from 13 cm to 32 cm/year with average of 22.4 cm and standard deviation of 5.34, independent of other influencing factors like soil, topography and geology. The soil-moisture balance study indicated that recharge is more dependent on the continuous heavy rainfall total annual volume of rainfall. Recharge was limited at up to 10 mm per day, possibly due to presence of hard rock below the soil surface. The rise in water table depth was 3.45 m to 5.35 m with a mean rise of 4.5 m during the year 2006–2007. Annual groundwater recharge based on the WTF approach varied from 10.3 to 16.85 cm with a mean of 13.5 cm, standard deviation of 1.57 cm and coefficient of variation 11.57%. This recharge accounted for 8 to 14% of rainfall received. With a water budget approach based on GEC norms, recharge was calculated as 17 cm per year. The study showed that the magnitudes of annual groundwater recharge as estimated by the WST method and GEC norms are in conformity with other recent findings in India under the same climate conditions. Based on the results recharge structures could be planned in suitable locations to reduce fallow areas under the watershed.

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