moisture balance
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Author(s):  
Lina Saraswati ◽  
Sugeng Prijono ◽  
Budi Prasetya

Background: The study of the moisture balance can be used to suppose the plants water requirement and the plants water use efficiency. The moisture balance influenced by climate factor, therefore climate change can affect the moisture balance especially in rainfed. Therefore, an effort is needed to manage soil moisture in rainfed as a climate change mitigation measure: soil and water conservation. This study aimed to determine the influence of soil and water conservation on the moisture balance in the coffee root zone. Methods: This study was conducted at people’s coffee plantation of Argotirto village, Sumbermanjing Wetan District, Malang Regency, located between 8.2411-8.1443 S and 112.4031-112.4634 E. Observation were made on February to November 2020, divided into observations in the wet season, dry seasons and flowering period. The observation plots consisted of terraced plot (P0), terraced + straight silt pit (P1), terraced + L-shaped silt pit (P2) and terrace + biopore (P3). The observation variables were: soil physical characteristics and moisture balance components there were precipitation, percolation, runoff, evapotranspiration and soil moisture storage. Result: At P1, the runoff depth was 80.89% lower and the percolation was 44.22% higher than P0. The total soil moisture storage at P1 was 20.06% higher than P0 in the dry season, indicating that P1 could increase the period of surplus moisture in the dry season.


MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
H. P. DAS ◽  
A. N. KALE ◽  
A. S. PONKSHE

Based on weekly data for 4 years (1986-1989) at Bellary, soil moisture balance for rabi sorghum has been worked out for both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. These soil moisture values have been used to identify periods of water stress which the crop experienced. during the growth cycle. The extent of yield reduction due to the stress was then evaluated from the actual soil water content and total available water extent and discussed. The ratio of evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration and water requirement of the crop has also been worked out to assess the stress situation of the crop during its growing period. This ratio has been found to be related to moisture availability at the root zone.


MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-346
Author(s):  
A. CHOWDHURY ◽  
H. P DAS

The study presents a technique for computing soil moisture balance of paddy crop based on 10 years data from 1977-1988 except 1984 and 1987, from agro-meteorological observatory, Raipur Values of different components of the moisture balance have been determined and discussed. The stress values have been used to estimate possible yield reduction by devising an yield index.   The study revealed that water demand of the plant is largest between tillering and reproductive stages. Dry matter production appears directly related to the consumptive water use. A significant association is observed between the yield index and the actual rice yield.


2021 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
S. I. Savolyuk ◽  
A. R. Dembitsky

The evaluation was done in the sphere of preoperative preparation trophic ulcer in patients with CVI using the proposed tactics of mechanochemical debridement and elimination of vertical venous reflux EVEZ method, in comparison with standard preoperative management tactics and EVLT of saphenous veins. It is established that the proposed tactics of preoperative preparation are more effective than classical approaches. Purpose. The use of the EVEZ method in combination with the proposed preoperative preparation of trophic ulcers in the treatment of CVI was determined to be effective. Materials and methods. An analysis of the treatment of 68 patients with CVI C6 clinical class was performed. The patient of the main group received the EVEZ treatment tributaries and perforating veins with preoperative trophic preparation ulcers, which includes: active mechanochemical debridement and control moisture balance in the wound, installation of negative pressure wound therapy system, platelet rich plasma therapy, application drugs based on diosmin and hesperidin. The proposed scheme of preoperative preparation has the following algorithm: Taking a smear from the sore to determine the bacterial spectrum and subsequent rational antibacterial therapy following the results of the antibioticogram; Active mechanochemical debridement with solutions of 0.1% polyaminopropyl biguanide + 0.1% surfactant, povidone-iodine + ethanol + glycerin + laureate 9 and control of moisture balance in the wound with modern hydrogel sore dressings; Installation of VAC system with a constant negative pressure of 120 mm Hg for 3 days for the first 3 performances of the system. Subsequently, VAC therapy was performed in a constant mode with a pressure of 80-120 mm Hg. in patients with insufficient wound cleanliness; After active cleaning, PRP therapy was performed, which involves the introduction of platelet-enriched plasma along the edge of the wound to a depth of 3 to 5 mm. The amount of PRP used depended on the size of the defect and ranged from 1 to 2 ml. All patients of the main group underwent correction of concomitant pathology with systemic use of capillary stabilizing drugs based on diosmin / hesperidin. Patients in the comparison group received standard preoperative preparation and EVLT. Patients of both groups were outpatient for 6 months. 39 of them (57.35%) were women and 29 (42.65%) were men aged 36 to 78 years. The duration of ulcers ranged from 3 months to 7 years. The following localization of venous trophic ulcers was observed: in the area of the medial bone - in 49 (72%) patients, 10 (14.7%) - on the anterior surface, 9 (13.3%) - on the lateral, posterior, anterior medial or anterolateral surface of the tibia. Results. Tactics of preoperative preparation that is offered allowed to achieve: reduction of redness and swelling in the main group on 7.3 ± 0.8 days (comparison group 10.2 ± 0.7 days); complete cleaning of the wound from fibrin and necrotic tissues at 9.1 ± 0.5 days (15.0 ± 1.1); the appearance of granulation tissues at day 12.6 ± 0.9 (18 ± 0.7); the appearance of marginal epithelialization at 15.3 ±0.7 days (20 ± 1.1). Conclusions. The proposed tactics can reduce the term by 1.7 times the preparation of the ulcer for surgery and 1.6 times the healing time of ulcers. The EVEZ method allows performing ablation efficiently and safely trunk great saphenous vein. The use of phlebotonic drugs, which is called Normoven, allows you to accelerate the healing of ulcers and prevent their recurrence.


MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
H. P. DAS ◽  
A. KASHYAPI ◽  
S. G. APTE

In this study. the agrometeorological data of Hisar and Bellary have been utilized to  examine evapotranspirative demand of the pearl millet at different phases during the crop growing period.Water use efficiency of the crop has also been worked out and discussted. Cumulative soil moisture balance was computed to assess the crop stress situation, Attempt has also been made to assess the moisture availability to the crop during the growing period and to estimate the yield, The study revealed that the pearl millet used maximum amount of water during the flowering stage at both locations. The same variety of pearl millet was found to use water more efficiently at Hisar than at Bellary. The yield index based on soil moisture balance technique was found to give a good indication of the yield.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Vita Boyar

Introduction. Topical antimicrobial treatment of wounds in pediatric, and especially neonatal, patients can be challenging due to increased systemic absorption, damaging inflammatory cytokines, and oxygen radicals released by bacterial death. A product combining all wound bed preparation principles is desired. Methylene blue and gentian violet (MB/GV) foam dressings can keep wound beds moist, decrease ongoing inflammation, provide antibacterial coverage, and promote healthy wound edges. Objective. This article examines the use of MB/GV antibacterial foams in pediatric patients. Cases included infants with giant omphalocele epidermal stripping, dehisced abdominal wounds, peristomal dermatitis, and peripheral intravenous extravasations and adolescents with stage 4 pressure injuries. The treatment goals were to optimize the wound bed through debridement, elimination of bioburden, providing moisture balance, and enhancement of granulation tissue growth. Materials and Methods. Eight patients (6 infants and 2 adolescents) received MB/GV foam dressings every 2 to 3 days along with standard of care (SOC) management. Results. Effective debridement, bioburden elimination, moisture balance, and edge enhancement were achieved in all wounds. All wound beds were well-prepared to receive other SOC products as needed. Three cases were considered for negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), but NPWT was not used because of challenging clinical characteristics and wound locations. Instead, MB/GV polyvinyl alcohol foam provided capillary wicking action that enhanced wound closure without NPWT. No side effects were observed. Conclusions. Methylene blue and gentian violet foam dressings appear to be a safe clinical option for antibacterial coverage, moisture management, and debridement in neonatal and pediatric patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-948
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Hyun ◽  
Seoung-Tack Hwang

Hairdryers are commonly known to cause hair damage such as “roughness”, “dryness”, and “hair color loss”. while using it. So, numerous studies have tried to find ways to dry hair with no damage or minimized level. In this study, we examined hair damage levels by varying drying applications during the process and analyzed hair changes either in essential characteristics such as “oil and moisture balance” or “microstructure”. As a result, hair was severely damaged when treated with a general hot air dryer for 90 minutes, causing cuticle crack or layer separation. In contrast, the plasma hairdryer caused just a little or even no damage to hair for the same exposure time. It may be because ions and moisture molecules generated when using a plasma hairdryer can protect hair structure from the harsh hot air condition.


Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-585
Author(s):  
Kassim Ramadhani Mussa ◽  
Ibrahimu Chikira Mjemah ◽  
Revocatus Lazaro Machunda

The response of aquifers with contrasting climate and geology to climate and land cover change perturbations through natural groundwater recharge remains inadequately understood. In Tanzania and elsewhere in the world, studies have been conducted to assess the impact of climate change and variability, and land use/cover changes on stream flow using different models, but similar studies on groundwater dynamics are inadequate. This study, therefore, examined the influence of land use/cover and climate dynamics on natural groundwater recharge in basins with contrasting climate and geology in Tanzania, applying the modified soil moisture balance method, coupled with the curve number (CN). The method hinges on the balance between the incoming water from precipitation and the outflow of water by evapotranspiration. The different parameters in the soil moisture balance method were computed using the Thornthwaite Water Balance software. The potential evapotranspiration (PET) was calculated using the daily maximum and minimum temperatures, utilizing two-temperature-based PET methods, Penman–Monteith (PM) and Hargreaves–Samani (HS). The rainfall data were obtained from the gauging stations under the Tanzania Meteorological Agency and some additional data were acquired from climate observatories management by water basins. The results show that there has been a quasi-stable CN in the Singida semi-arid, fractured crystalline basement aquifer (74.2 in 1997, 73.64 in 2005, and 73.87 in 2018). In the Kimbiji, humid, Neogene sedimentary aquifer, the CN has been steadily increasing (66.69 in 1997, 69.08 in 2008, and 71.42 in 2016), indicating the rapid land cover changes in the Kimbiji aquifer as compared to the Singida aquifer. For the Kimbiji humid aquifer, the PET calculated using the Penman–Monteith (PM) method for the 1996/1997, 2007/2008, and 2015/2016 hydrological years were 1156.5, 1079.5, and 1143.9 mm/year, respectively, while for the Hargreaves–Samani (HS) method, the PET was found to be 1046.1, 1138.3, and 1204.4 mm/year for the 1996/1997, 2007/2008, and 2015/2016 hydrological years, respectively. For the Singida semi-arid aquifer, the PM PET method resulted in 2083.3, 2053.6, and 1875.4 mm/year for the 1996/1997, 2004/2005, and 2017/2018 hydrological years, respectively. The HS method produced relatively lower PET values for the semi-arid area (1839.4, 1814.7, and 1710.2 mm/year) for the 1996/1997, 2004/2005, and 2017/2018 hydrological years, respectively. It was equally revealed that the recharge and aridity indices correspond with the PET calculated using two temperature-dependent methods. The decline of certain land covers (forests) and increase in others (built-up areas) have contributed to the increase in surface runoff in each study area, possibly resulting in the decreasing trend of groundwater recharge. An overestimation of the PET using the HS method in the Kimbiji humid aquifer was observed, which was relatively smaller than the overestimation of the PET using the PM method in the Singida semi-arid aquifer. Despite the difference in climate and geology, the response of the two aquifers to rainfall is similar. The combined influence of climate and land cover changes on natural groundwater recharge was observed to be prominent in the Kimbiji aquifer, while only climate variability appreciably influences natural groundwater recharge in the Singida semi-arid aquifer. El Nino and the Southern Oscillation as part of the climate variability phenomenon dwarfed the time lags between rainfall and recharge in the two basins, regardless of their difference in climate and geology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Hailay Teklu ◽  
Mulu Bayray ◽  
Dawit Abay ◽  
Millerjothi Kalamegam

Natural convection indirect type solar dryer integrated with reflectors that can be used for drying fruits and vegetables was designed, constructed, and evaluated. The study mainly tried to improve the performance of a prototype natural convection indirect solar dryer. The solar dryer was integrated with reflectors and its thermal performance was experimentally analyzed and results were compared with the same dryer without reflectors. The experiments conducted included a no-load test to determine the stagnation temperature that can be reached and drying tests using tomato slices. During the drying test, moisture content at the initial and final stages was measured using a moisture balance instrument. The mass of the tomato slices was measured every two hours to find the drying efficiency. Temperatures were measured using thermocouples located at the absorber plate and at the trays inside the drying cabinet. Solar radiation was also measured using a pyranometer located near the dryer. During no load experiments, the maximum temperature reached the collector was around 98oC for the dryer without reflectors. The maximum temperature was improved to around 154oC during the test with reflectors. Similar temperature improvement was obtained during the drying tests as well. Due to the improvement in the temperature in the collector, the drying rate was also improved by 8% for 10 kg and 14% for 5 kg load. The experimental results indicate that the dryer performance was improved when the reflectors were added.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Amanda Izzah Aulia ◽  
Anang Lastriyanto ◽  
Yusuf Wibisono ◽  
Ary Mustofa Ahmad

Pasteurisasi akan merusak kualitas madu seperti kadar gula pereduksi dan sifat fisik madu karena panas sensible yang tertahan dalam madu. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan pengujian pengaruh pendinginan pada madu setelah proses pasteurisasi dengan alat vacuum cooling. Pada industri pengolah madu yang telah menggunakan vacuum cooling, saat melakukan proses vakum, terdapat masalah yaitu madu tersedot ke selang vakum saat proses vakum terjadi, maka peneliti menggunakan volume sebagai perlakuan kedua. Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendinginan vakum terhadap perubahan mutu madu hutan Riau. Kandungan madu yang diuji adalah gula pereduksi, kadar air, viskositas dan total padatan terlarut. Pengujian gula pereduksi menggunakan metode DNS, sedangkan pengujian fisik kadar air menggunakan Moisture Balance MOC-120H Shimadzu, pengujian viskositas menggunakan Viscometer NDJ-1S dan pengujian total padatan terlarut menggunakan Refractometer Brix 0% - 32% ATC. Pendinginan madu dengan vacuum cooling menyebabkan penurunan kadar air hingga rata rata 5,1% yang mana akan meningkatkan viskositas hingga rata rata 14,33 Poise dan total padatan hingga 4 %Brix. Gula pereduksi madu dengan perlakuan vacuum cooling mendapatkan hasil terbaik yaitu 48,49%. Dari hasil penelitian yang didapatkan, mendinginkan madu dengan alat pendingin vakum pasca proses pasteursisasi didapatkan hasil bahwa lebih baik menggunakan alat pendingin vakum dibandingkan dengan pendinginan konvensional pada kualitas madu hutan Riau.


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