scholarly journals A study on effective monsoon and dry spells of short return periods The Indian mountain ranges during monsoon months in two north Bengal districts

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
A. D. DAS ◽  
S. K. MUKHOPADHYAY
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Expected Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
North Bengal

This article uses daily rainfall data (April-October) of Cooch Behar (1971-90) and Jalpaiguri (1972-90), the two predominantly rainfed farming districts of Terai zone of West Bengal, to study the, nature of different rainfall parameters of this area. It was observed that the mean date of Onset of Effective Monsoon (OEM) of this region is about one month in advance from the normal occurrence of monsoon over Kerala. However, the monsoon rains, here, retreat at about the same time with those of  Kerala. Distribution of the duration of dry spell has been studied to have some idea of the nature of critical dry spells during the monsoon season. The article also examines how prolonged, on the average, are the monsoon breaks for different return periods. Expected length of dry spell (in days) for 2, 5, 10 and 20 years return periods have been estimated with the help of suitably fitted curves for each location.

Effect of Crop Geometry (Row Proportions) on the Water Balance of the Root Zone of a Pigeonpea and Rice Intercropping System

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jena ◽  
C. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crop Geometry

SUMMARYRice, pigeonpea and rice + pigeonpea systems (in the row proportions of 1:2 and 2:5) were compared. Soil water depletion and percolation were determined during selected dry spells and yields ascertained after harvest. The mean evapotranspiration rates of rice, pigeonpea, rice + pigeonpea (1:2) and rice + pigeonpea (2:5) were 0.28, 0.79, 0.40 and 0.35 cm d−1, respectively, during a dry spell around 60 days after sowing. In general low rainfall intensity and frequent dry spells in the growing season increased pigeonpea yield but depressed that of rice. Intercropping thus ensured yield stability and hence the profitability of the system as a whole.

Dry Spells Occurrence in Tamale, Northern Ghana – Review of Available Information

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Kranjac-Berisavljevic ◽  
◽  
Shayibu Abdul-Ghanyu ◽  
Bizoola Zinzoola Gandaa ◽  
Felix K. Abagale
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
African Region ◽  
Rainfed Rice ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Rain Season ◽  
Dry Spell

Sustainable crop production is important for food security in Northern Ghana, where highly variable rainfall coupled with high evaporation rates and soils prone to degradation combine to produce low crop yields of main staple crops that are vital for local people’s livelihoods. Rainfall in this region generally ranges between 800 mm and 1200 mm per annum, falling within a single rainy season from April to October, with a peak in late August-September. This amount is adequate for most arable crops such as maize, rainfed rice, soybeans, and yams. Intermittent dry spells occur, however, at critical crop growth stages, resulting in significant yield reductions. Several studies conducted in this area show that dry spells can be expected during each annual rain season, with a high level of certainty and duration fromtwo to three days up to four weeks. This paper reviews both available literature on dry spell incidence and rainfall prediction in the West African region, with a particular focus on northern Ghana. Available daily rainfall data for 52 consecutive years are analyzed to determine dry spell duration and occurrence in northern Ghana.

Making the best of climatic variability: options for upgrading rainfed farming in water scarce regions

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rockström
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
On Farm

Coping with climatic variability for livelihood security is part of everyday life for rural communities in semi-arid and dry sub-humid savannas. Water scarcity caused by rainfall fluctuations is common, causing meteorological droughts and dry spells. However, this paper indicates, based on experiences in sub-Saharan Africa and India, that the social impact on rural societies of climatically induced droughts is exaggerated. Instead, water scarcity causing food deficits is more often caused by management induced droughts and dry spells. A conceptual framework to distinguish between manageable and unmanageable droughts is presented. It is suggested that climatic droughts require focus on social resilience building instead of land and water resource management. Focus is then set on the manageable part of climatic variability, namely the almost annual occurrence of dry spells, short 2–4 week periods of no rainfall, affecting farmer yields. On-farm experiences in savannas of sub-Saharan Africa of water harvesting systems for dry spell mitigation are presented. It is shown that bridging dry spells combined with soil fertility management can double and even triple on-farm yield levels. Combined with innovative systems to ensure maximum plant water availability and water uptake capacity, through adoption of soil fertility improvement and conservation tillage systems, there is a clear opportunity to upgrade rainfed farming systems in vulnerable savanna environments, through appropriate local management of climatic variability.

RAINFALL ANALYSIS OF THE KELANTAN BIG YELLOW FLOOD 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Eliza Alias ◽  
Hazim Mohamad ◽  
Wan Yoke Chin ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Analysis

In December 2014, Kelantan was hit by the worst flood ever recorded. Did the rainfall exceed historical records, how rare are they and what causes them? This paper answers these questions. Estimation of the return periods uses the GEV distribution model and stations with more than 25 years records. Spatial distribution plots of the cumulated rainfall depths were constructed using IDW interpolation method. Four major outcomes are: 1) Spatial rainfall patterns show high amounts of rainfall accumulated by phases (Phase 1- daily rainfall up to 300 mm; Phase 2- daily rainfall up to 500 mm); 2) record breaking rainfall events occurred at 9 stations significantly at Gunung Gagau (1598.9 mm compared to 976.5 mm 7-day cumulated rainfall). Many stations upstream of the river basin experienced ARIs near and over 100 years and several experienced more than 200 years; and 4) Enhanced rainfall were experienced due to the combined effect of the monsoon season, Madden Julian Oscillation and temperature below anomalies at the Siberian High

scholarly journals Precipitation characteristics over Paradeep

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
T. R. SIVARAMAKRISHNAN ◽  
J. R. PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rainfall Climatology

The daily rainfall records since 1976 and the SRRG records after its installation in 1982 at Paradeep have been analysed and rainfall climatology has been worked out. The heaviest 24-hour rainfall recorded at the station is 264 mm on 4 June 1982. The mean annual rainfall is 1475 mm. January and December are near dry months while August is the wettest month getting about 339 mm rainfall. The variability of annual rainfall here is 20 %. Light rainspells giving a total rain of 10 mm or less form about 50% occasions in pre-monsoon period and 63% of occasions in monsoon period. The extended rainspells lasting for more than 4 hours form about 10% of occasions in pre-monsoon season and 6% occasions in monsoon season. While morning (04-08 hr IST) period gets the rainfall in both pre-monsoon and monsoon months, early night gets the peak rainfall activity during the pre-monsoon months.

scholarly journals Influência de veranico na produção agrícola no município de Santa Filomena, Piauí, Brasil

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
H. E. A. Menezes ◽  
R. M. de Medeiros ◽  
J. L. G. Santos ◽  
T. S. Lima ◽  
T. A. Pimenta
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Precipitation Series ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Rainfall Station ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

<p>O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre a duração, em dias, dos maiores veranicos, e as produções de arroz, cana-de-açúcar, fava, feijão, mandioca, milho, banana e laranja para Santa Filomena – PI. Os dados utilizados consistem de séries diárias de precipitação do posto pluviométrico localizado em Santa Filomena – PI e gentilmente cedido pela empresa de assistência técnica e extensão rural do estado do Piauí (EMATER) para o período de dezembro de 1992 a março de 2010 e de produção agrícola anual das referidas culturas disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) para o período de 1993 a 2010. Considerou-se veranico como sendo o número de dias consecutivos sem chuva ou com chuva abaixo de 2,0 mm/dia. E o mais longo período de veranico da estação chuvosa (dezembro a março), não havendo quebra entre os meses. Resultou-se que as produções de milho e banana no município de Santa Filomena – PI apresentaram relações diretamente proporcionais aos maiores veranicos ocorridos no período estudado. A produção de laranja foi inversamente proporcional aos maiores veranicos e as produções de arroz, cana-de-açúcar, fava, feijão e mandioca foram independentes da duração de veranicos.</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Influence of veranico in agricultural production in the Santa Filomena city, Piauí state, Brazil</em></strong></p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the duration in days, the biggest dry spells, and the production of rice, sugarcane, broad bean, bean, cassava, corn, banana and orange for Santa Filomena – PI city. The data used consist of daily rainfall station precipitation series located in Santa Filomena – PI city and kindly provided by the service company and extension of the Piauí state (EMATER) for the period December 1992 to March 2010 and production annual agricultural cultures of those offered by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) for the period 1993 to 2010. It was considered dry spells as the number of consecutive days without rain or rain below 2.0 mm/day. And the longest dry spell period of the rainy season (December to March), with no breaks between the months. It resulted that the corn and banana production in Santa Filomena – PI city presented directly proportional relationship to the larger dry spells occurred during the study period. The orange production was inversely proportional to dry spells higher productions and rice, sugarcane, broad bean, bean and cassava were independent of the duration dry spells.</p><p align="center"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Variability for Tehsils of Palghar District, Maharashtra State, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 2602-2618
Author(s):  
Dr. Sumit M. Dhak
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
The Mean

A detailed statistical analysis of monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall for Tehsils of Palghar district were carried out using 22 years (1998-2019) daily rainfall data taken from Department of Agriculture, Maharashtra State. The mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall were computed for tehsils of Palghar districts. The month of July received maximum monthly mean rainfall for all years (1998 to 2019) in tehsils of Palghar district. The result showed that monthly mean rainfall in month of July was maximum at Jawhar (1147.1 mm) followed by Vikramgad (1071.9 mm), Talasari (1014.3 mm), Vasai (1009.9 mm), Wada (998.5 mm), Mokhada (949.6 mm), Palghar (948.7 mm) and Dahanu (841.6) with contributes 40.4 %, 39.1 %, 38.5 %, 35.4 %, 37.3 %, 37.3 %, 36.9 % and 36.3 % of the annual mean rainfall (1998 to 2019) respectively. The result showed that contribution of rainfall during Monsoon season ranges from 95.5 % to 97.0 % of the annual total rainfall for tehsils of Palghar District. The result showed that average annual rainfall (1998 to 2019) of Vasai, Jawhar, Vikramgad, Wada, Talasari, Palghar, Mokhada and Dahanu were 2855.9 mm, 2839.1 mm, 2738.9 mm, 2674.0 mm, 2633.3 mm, 2570.8 mm, 2543.6 mm and 2318.5 mm respectively.

scholarly journals Stochastic Modeling of Daily Summertime Rainfall over the Southwestern United States. Part II: Intraseasonal Variability

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyun Wang ◽  
Bruce T. Anderson ◽  
Guido D. Salvucci
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Intraseasonal Variability ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Seasonal Evolution ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Dry Spell

Abstract The intraseasonal variability of summertime precipitation over the southwestern United States is examined using stochastic daily occurrence models combined with empirical daily rainfall distributions to document 1) the seasonal evolution of the frequency and intensity of rainfall events across the summertime monsoon season and 2) the climatological evolution of wet spells, dry spells, and storm events. Study results indicate that the evolution of the North American monsoon system (NAMS) is most apparent in the occurrence of daily rainfall events, which exhibit clear time dependence across the summer season over the southwestern United States and can be principally portrayed by stochastic models. In contrast, the seasonal evolution of NAMS is largely absent in the averaged daily rainfall amount time series. There is also a significant seasonal evolution in the length of dry spells. In the central area of the domain (approximately 39 out of 78 stations) dry-spell lengths tend to increase over the course of the summer season, while on the western fringe (8 out of 78 stations) dry-spell lengths tend to decrease. In contrast, wet spells tend to exhibit constant lengths over the course of the season (44 out of 78 stations). The seasonal trend for storms indicates that the number and duration of storms tend to decrease in September; however, the storm depths tend to be more intense, particularly over the western portion of the domain. Overall, 90% of the area-averaged variance for dry-spell lengths can be explained by the random daily evolution of the stochastic model alone. For wet-spell lengths, the area-averaged variance explained by the stochastic models is 98% and for storm amounts it is 92%. These results suggest that the characteristics of most intraseasonal events over this region (i.e., spell lengths and storm amounts) can be captured by the random evolution of daily rainfall models, even with constant year-to-year statistical parameters, indicating that systematic variations in the background climatic conditions from one year to the next may contribute little to the characteristics of these events.

Decadal Variability of Rainfall in Senegal : beyond total seasonal amounts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aissatou Badji ◽  
Moussa Diakhaté ◽  
Amadou Tierno Gaye ◽  
Juliette Mignot ◽  
Elsa Mohino
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Rainy Days

&lt;p&gt;The intraseasonal characteristics of rainfall have important implications for agriculture in the Sahel. For example, the development and yield of millet, sorghum and maize depend not only on the rainfall seasonal total amounts, but also on the onset of the rainy season and the seasonal distribution of rainy days as well as the occurrence of dry spells. However, the decadal variability of intraseasonal rainfall characteristics in the Sahel and in particular in Senegal has received little attention in the literature so far. In this study, we analyze the decadal modulations of the intraseasonal characteristics of the monsoon season in Senegal over the period 1918-2000. From daily rainfall data measured at different stations in Senegal, we have defined indices characterizing, among others, the number of rainy days, the average intensity of rainy days, the starting day and ending day of the rainy season. The spatial patterns of the mean indices generally show a north/south gradient and their temporal modulations show a clear decadal signal. Application of EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) analysis provides a main mode of variability showing same-signed loads throughout the territory. The associated PCs show strong decadal variability for most indices with a strong link to the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability. The exception are the indices related to the duration of the monsoon season, which show a weaker decadal variability with a clear trend.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Climatology of dry and wet spell over Vidarbha region during monsoon months

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
JAYANTA SARKAR ◽  
K. SEETHARAM ◽  
S. K. SHAHA
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Stationary Probability ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
West Monsoon ◽  
Wet Spells

In this investigation 10-day period-wise simple probability, 10-day period-wise  probability of consecutive dry and wet spells of different lengths, and month-wise different parameters, and properties of Markov Chain Model over Vidarbha region during south-west monsoon months have been studied.   For this purpose, daily rainfall data (1 June – 30 September) of 11 stations covering all the districts of Vidarbha for the period 1960-90 have been utilized.   The study reveals that over Vidarbha during monsoon season (June - September) probability of a day being wet and probability of consecutive wet spell of different lengths are by and large high during the last and first 10-day periods of July and August respectively when the monsoon is at its peak. During the first two 10-day periods in June and last two 10-day periods in September, the probabilities of a dry day and that of consecutive dry spell of different lengths and quite high. During July and August a maximum of 12-14 wet days are expected and wet spell, on an average, lasts for 2 days. Stationary probability of the occurrence of wet day (pi2) is found to be maximum during July making it the most humid month in the monsoon season.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document