A study on effective monsoon and dry spells of short return periods The Indian mountain ranges during monsoon months in two north Bengal districts

This article uses daily rainfall data (April-October) of Cooch Behar (1971-90) and Jalpaiguri (1972-90), the two predominantly rainfed farming districts of Terai zone of West Bengal, to study the, nature of different rainfall parameters of this area. It was observed that the mean date of Onset of Effective Monsoon (OEM) of this region is about one month in advance from the normal occurrence of monsoon over Kerala. However, the monsoon rains, here, retreat at about the same time with those of Kerala. Distribution of the duration of dry spell has been studied to have some idea of the nature of critical dry spells during the monsoon season. The article also examines how prolonged, on the average, are the monsoon breaks for different return periods. Expected length of dry spell (in days) for 2, 5, 10 and 20 years return periods have been estimated with the help of suitably fitted curves for each location.

PENGARUH HARAPAN LAMA SEKOLAH, RATA – RATA LAMA SEKOLAH TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA DI KABUPATEN / KOTA PROVINSI RIAU

This study aims to determine how many the effect of Expected Years of Schooling and Average Length of Schooling on Open Unemployment Rates in the District/City of Riau Province, from 2017 to 2020 with a total of 44 samples. The data taken is sourced from secondary data, namely from the Central Statistics Agency of Indragiri Hilir Regency. The data analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The final result can be concluded that the variables of Average Length of School and Expected Length simultaneously or together have an influence on the open unemployment rate even though in a small percentage. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh dari Harapan Lama Sekolah dan Rata - Rata Lama Sekolah terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Kabupaten/Kota Provisinsi Riau, mulai tahun 2017 sampai tahun 2020 dengan jumlah 44 sampel . Data yang diambil bersumber dari data sekunder yaitu dari Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Teknik Analisis Data yang digunakan adalah Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda. Hasil akhir dapat di simpulkan bahwa variabel Rata- Rata Lama sekolah dan harapan Lama secara simultan atau secara bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh terhadap tingkat pengangguran terbuka walaupun dalam persentase yang sedikit.

Covariant Space-Time Line Elements in the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Geometry

Most quantum gravity theories endow space-time with a discreet nature by space quantization on the order of Planck length (lp ). This discreetness could be demonstrated by confirmation of Lorentz invariance violations (LIV) manifested at length scales proportional to lp. In this paper, space-time line elements compatible with the uncertainty principle are calculated for a homogeneous, isotropic expanding Universe represented by the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker solution to General Relativity (FLRW or FRW metric). To achieve this, the covariant geometric uncertainty principle (GeUP) is applied as a constraint over geodesics in FRW geometries. A generic expression for the quadratic proper space-time line element is derived, proportional to Planck length-squared and dependent on two contributions. The first is associated to the energy-time uncertainty, and the second depends on the Hubble function. The results are in agreement with space-time quantization on the expected length orders, according to quantum gravity theories and experimental constraints on LIV.

Poverty and Human Development Index: An Inter-District Study in Central Sulawesi

Central Sulawesi Province consists of 13 districts/cities with varying levels of poverty. The numbers fluctuate in the period of time of 2013 to 2020 were classified as high because they were ranked 2nd (second) compared to other provinces on the island of Sulawesi. The low quality of human capital is one of the main causes of poverty, to see the achievement of human capital investment, the education dimension is represented by the average length of schooling, the expected length of schooling, and the health dimension is represented by life expectancy, which is a measure in efforts to build the quality of human life showing an increase consistently. Increasing the quality of human capital is expected to improve the productivity of the poor. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Average Length of Schooling, Expected Length of Schooling, and Life Expectancy on poverty levels in Central Sulawesi Province. This was a quantitative research. Data used was secondary data out of 13 districts/cities in Central Sulawesi Province for the period of 2013–2020. The data was analyzed using panel data analysis with a random effect regression model. The results show that the Average Length of Schooling variable has a positive effect and is proven to increase poverty, Expected Length of Schooling has a negative effect and is proven to reduce poverty, Life Expectancy has a negative effect and is not proven to reduce poverty, Life Expectancy2 has a positive effect and is not proven to increase poverty in Central Sulawesi Province for the 2013-2020 period.

Improving Chemotherapy Infusion Operations through the Simulation of Scheduling Heuristics: a case study

Over the last decade, chemotherapy treatments have dramatically shifted to outpatient services such that nearly 90% of all infusions are now administered outpatient. This shift has challenged oncology clinics to make chemotherapy treatment as widely available as possible while attempting to treat all patients within a fixed period of time. Historical data from a Veterans Affairs chemotherapy clinic in the United States and staff input informed a discrete event simulation model of the clinic. The case study examines the impact of altering the current schedule, where all patients arrive at 8:00 AM, to a schedule that assigns patients to two or three different appointment times based on the expected length of their chemotherapy infusion. The results identify multiple scheduling policies that could be easily implemented with the best solutions reducing both average patient waiting time and average nurse overtime requirements.

Covariant Space-Time Line Elements in the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Geometry

Most quantum gravity theories endow space-time with a discreet nature by space quantization on the order of Planck length (lp ). This discreetness could be demonstrated by confirmation of Lorentz invariance violations (LIV) manifested at length scales proportional to lp. In this paper, space-time line elements compatible with the uncertainty principle are calculated for a homogeneous, isotropic expanding Universe represented by the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker solution to General Relativity (FLRW or FRW metric). To achieve this, the covariant geometric uncertainty principle (GeUP) is applied as a constraint over geodesics in FRW geometries. A generic expression for the quadratic proper space-time line element is derived, proportional to Planck length-squared and dependent on two contributions. The first is associated to the energy-time uncertainty, and the second depends on the Hubble function. The results are in agreement with space-time quantization on the expected length orders, according to quantum gravity theories and experimental constraints on LIV.

Expected length and probability of winning a tennis game

The game of tennis has provided mathematicians with many interesting problems. In [1], the problem of finding the probability that a certain player wins a tennis tournament was studied. Gale [2] determined the best serving strategy in tennis. First, we assume Alice and Bob play a game of tennis using the standard (or Deuce/Ad) scoring system, without a tiebreaker, and that Alice serves the game. We also assume that the probability that Alice wins any point she serves is . Stewart [3] proved that the probability that Alice wins is $${{15{p^4} - 34{p^5} + \;28{p^6} - 8{p^7}} \over {1 - 2p\; + \;2{p^2}}}$$ .

The Expected Length of Stay At Aged Care Facilities in Australia: Current and Future

This paper analyzes the hazard functions of exiting from an aged care facility in Australia. Using a comprehensive dataset ranging over 2008--2018, we find that those functions are heterogeneous across the age, sex and year-of-leaving. The modelling results lead to in-sample estimated expected length of stay (LOS) for residents differed by age (in general, longer for older groups) and sex (longer for females). The estimated LOS declines gradually from 2008 to 2014 and then steadily increase afterwards for all heterogeneous age and sex groups. Out-of-sample predictions up to 2100 suggest that the longest LOS belongs to females aged 100 and older, with the estimated/predicted LOS increasing from 58.6 months in 2018 to 68.9 months in 2100. Relative uncertainty measures are also provided. Those results can be used to explore the nature of and aspects to improve service quality of Australian aged care facilities for policy makers.

Can Menzerath’s law be a criterion of complexity in communication?

Menzerath’s law is a quantitative linguistic law which states that, on average, the longer is a linguistic construct, the shorter are its constituents. In contrast, Menzerath-Altmann’s law (MAL) is a precise mathematical power-law-exponential formula which expresses the expected length of the linguistic construct conditioned on the number of its constituents. In this paper, we investigate the anatomy of MAL for constructs being word tokens and constituents being syllables, measuring its length in graphemes. First, we derive the exact form of MAL for texts generated by the memoryless source with three emitted symbols, which can be interpreted as a monkey typing model or a null model. We show that this null model complies with Menzerath’s law, revealing that Menzerath’s law itself can hardly be a criterion of complexity in communication. This observation does not apply to the more precise Menzerath-Altmann’s law, which predicts an inverted regime for sufficiently range constructs, i.e., the longer is a word, the longer are its syllables. To support this claim, we analyze MAL on data from 21 languages, consisting of texts from the Standardized Project Gutenberg. We show the presence of the inverted regime, not exhibited by the null model, and we demonstrate robustness of our results. We also report the complicated distribution of syllable sizes with respect to their position in the word, which might be related with the emerging MAL. Altogether, our results indicate that Menzerath’s law—in terms of correlations—is a spurious observation, while complex patterns and efficiency dynamics should be rather attributed to specific forms of Menzerath-Altmann’s law.

The Absence of Rehabilitation During the ICU Stay of Elderly Patients is Associated with a Decreased Long-Term Autonomy.

Background: The intensive care unit (ICU) stay is associated with a loss of autonomy, especially for elderly patients. We therefore conducted a study to estimate the impact of the rehabilitation performed during the ICU stay on the loss of autonomy at 6 months. Methods: We conducted an ancillary study of the multicenter FRAGIREA study, including patients between April 2018 and January 2019 aged over 70 years, admitted in ICU for an expected length of stay of more than 48 hours. We excluded the patients who died before day 180, who were lost to follow-up, and for whom the baseline autonomy (ADL) score was not available. We collected the baseline characteristics of patients, the ICU stay characteristics, and the 6-month follow-up. Were also collected the detailed rehabilitation therapy carried out during the ICU stay (passive mobilization, upright sitting, transfer to chair, standing, walking, and cycle ergometers.). Patients were classified into the rehabilitation (out of bed) or non-rehabilitation group, and the impact of rehabilitation on the decreased 6-month autonomy (loss of ADL score >1 point) was estimated after the selection of 17 potential confounders. Results: Among the 548 patients of the FRAGIREA cohort, 276 were included in the present study. Among them, 226 were rehabilitated and 50 were not. 220/276 (80%) patients benefited from the transfer to chair as rehabilitation therapy, passive mobilization and transfer to upright sitting were also frequently performed. A decrease in the 6-month autonomy was observed for 63 (23%) patients. After the elimination of potential confounders, non-rehabilitated patients had a greater risk of 6-month decreased autonomy (adjusted Odds Ratio 2.43, 95% confidence interval [1.18; 4.98]). Conclusions: Rehabilitation during the ICU stay of elderly ICU patient survivors was associated with a lower decreased autonomy at 6 months. Tweet: The absence of rehabilitation during the ICU stay of elderly patients is associated with 2.4 higher risk of a decreased 6 month autonomy