Analisis Pola dan Intensitas Curah Hujan Berdasarkan Data TRMM di Sulawesi Tenggara

Abstrak: Cuaca dan iklim merupakan sebuah proses fenomena di atmosfer yang keberadaannya sangat penting dalam berbagai aktivitas kehidupan. Perhatian mengenai informasi cuaca dan iklim semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya fenomena alam yang tidak lazim terjadi atau biasa disebut dengan cuaca ekstrim yang sulit untuk dikendalikan dan dimodifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola dan intensitas curah hujan berdasarkan data TRMM di Sulawesi Tenggara berdasarkan aspek temporal. Metode analisis data yaitu analisis korelasi dan uji signifikan untuk mengetahui hubungan data TRMM dengan data stasiun curah hujan, serta menggunakan persamaan Mononobe untuk intensitas curah hujan. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pola hujan di Sulawesi Tenggara merupakan pola region A tipe monsunal dengan ciri terjadi puncak musim hujan yang terjadi antara bulan Desember, Januari, Februari dan puncak musim kemarau terjadi antara Bulan Agustus dan September. Kecendrungan intensitas curah hujan mengalami kenaikan dengan kala ulang yang lebih lama. Kata Kunci: Curah Hujan, TRMM, Monsunal Abstract: Weather and climate are a process of phenomena in the atmosphere whose existence is very important in various activities life. Concern about weather and climate information is increasing along with the increase in natural phenomena that are not uncommon or commonly referred to as extreme weather that are difficult to control and modify . This study aims to determine rainfall patterns and intensity based on TRMM data in Southeast Sulawesi based on temporal aspects. Data analysis method is correlation analysis and significant test to determine the relationship of TRMM data with rainfall station data, and using the Mononobe equation for rainfall intensity. The results of this study found that the pattern of rain in Southeast Sulawesi is a type of Region A Monsunal pattern characterized by the peak of the rainy season which occurs between December, January, February and the peak of the dry season occurs between August and September. The intensity of rainfall increases with a longer return period. Keywords: Precipitation, TRMM, Monsoonal

Analisis Tren Perubahan Intensitas Hujan (Studi Kasus: Jakarta dan Bogor)

Rainfall intensity and drainage channel capacity are the main inputs in flood management infrastructure planning. The Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curve in a region has a different pattern from other regions. This study examines the temporal distribution pattern of rain and the IDF curve with case studies of the Jakarta and Bogor, represented by Kemayoran Rainfall Station and Citeko Rainfall Station, respectively. This study compared data analysis from the above stations with the ABM Method, Modified Mononobe, Indonesian National Standard for Calculating Flood Discharge, and Indonesian National Standard for Road Surface Drainage Design. The analysis results showed that the rainfall event in the Jakarta and Bogor areas was dominated by events of ≤ 4 hours with the highest percentage of rainfall volume at the beginning of the event (at the first two hours of the event). The observed hourly rainfall data has a significant difference pattern with the rainfall distribution calculated using the ABM and Modified Mononobe methods. The IDF curve obtained from the Base Curve on the Indonesian National Standard for Road Surface Drainage Design gives higher results than the IDF curve of the observation data. Meanwhile, the IDF curve calculated using the Mononobe Equation gives lower results than the IDF curve of the observation data. This study shows that standard design of rainfall duration and rainfall intensity for drainage infrastructure planning and flood management need to be continuously developed based on the latest observational data with better temporal and spatial resolution. Continuous effort in improving codes and design standard needs to be conducted to respond to climate change challenges, dynamic regional developments, and the increasing trend of flood events in Indonesia.

Trend analysis method on vertical axis and comparison with Şen’s ITA approach

The classical trend tests are applied frequently in meteorological and hydrological data. Recently, Şen-innovative trend analysis (ITA) method provides the ability to visualize inspection and identification of trend conditions. The main objective of this paper is to attempt determination and visualization of trends by means of a special graphical representation based on alternative illustration of Şen-ITA method. The suggested methodology shows different trend information than classical Şen-ITA test on the Black Sea, Mediterranean, and continental climate regions in Turkey. This research comprises 50-year rainfall station records in Çanakkale, Edirne, Kocaeli, and Zonguldak stations located in North-West part of Turkey.

Rationalization of Rainfall Station In Ternate Island

Good rainfall data can be obtained from recordings that are maintained and monitored continuously. Thus, the more rain stations there are, the more detailed the rainfall data will be. The rain station network density is expressed as the area of the watershed represented by one rain station. Meanwhile, the pattern of distribution of rain stations states the location of the placement of rain stations in the watershed. Ternate Island with an area of 76 km2 and has stations located in Akehuda Village, Gamayou Village, Tabona Village, Sasa Village, Kastela Village, and Sulamadaha Village. This study aims to rationalize the density of rainfall stations in Ternate Island. Rationalization of rainfall stations using the Kagan-Rodda method. The results obtained for the rationalization of rainfall stations with a total of 5 rain gauge stations spread across the city of Ternate, which are located in the Tabam, Gamayou, Sasa, Dorpedu, and Togafo areas with a grading error of 19.27% with a network density of 4.17 Km2/station.

ANALYSIS OF DRAINAGE CHANNEL CAPACITY AT SINDANG STREET IN SINDANG HOUSE PUMP AREA

<p>Sindang street, which is located in North Rawabadak Sub-district, Koja District, is one of the areas in North Jakarta Administrative City which is an area that is prone to flooding. Even though a working pump house is available, there are still puddles in several places. One of the problems that occur is the channel that drains water into the storage pool narrowing due to sedimentation in the channel. By analyzing the channel using the Log Pearson III distribution method using data obtained from the STA Tanjung Priok Rainfall Station, the rainfall intensity that occurs in a 5 year cycle is 170.748 mm, the Mononobe equation is used to find the intensity of rain per hour that occurs. Then it can be searched for the planned rain discharge using a Rational Method so that it is known that there are 2 channels, namely (P and Q) unable to accommodate the rainfall that occurs.</p>

Application of Artificial Neural Network and Information Entropy Theory to Assess Rainfall Station Distribution: A Case Study from Colombia

An assessment of the rainfall station distribution in the mountainous area of the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Cundinamarca (CAR, for its acronym in Spanish), Colombia, was conducted by applying concepts from information entropy and artificial neural networks (ANNs). This study was divided into two phases: first, a classification of the meteorological stations using two-dimensional self-organizing maps; second, the evaluation of the performance of the ANN by applying concepts of information entropy. Three scenarios were raised for the classification of the meteorological stations by adjusting the number of neurons in the output layer. A high number of neurons in the output layer were obtained, causing the model to over-fit while emphasizing differences amid patterns. When comparing the results of the scenarios, the permanence of certain characteristics and features was found in the system, validating the model classification. Subsequently, the results of the first scenario were used to evaluate the entropy of the historical series. Finally, the results show that the area of study presents a lack of information due to the uncertainty associated with the probabilistic arrangement, which can be corrected with the developed model. Consequently, some recommendations for the redesign of the rainfall are provided.

Analisis Spasial Potensi Kekeringan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Kapuas, Kalimantan Barat

Kekeringan merupakan efek samping dari variabilitas iklim, yang dapat terjadi di daerah dengan curah hujan tinggi maupun rendah. Kekeringan dapat menjadi suatu bencana apabila terjadi secara terus menerus. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) memudahkan pemantauan kejadian kekeringan dengan memanfaatkan standar deviasi dari curah hujan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi kekeringan di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Kapuas. Lokasi penelitian merupakan DAS terbesar di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Dalam tulisan ini akan digunakan SPI periode kumulatif 1 bulan, 3 bulan, 6 bulan, dan 12 bulan untuk menentukan tingkat kekeringannya. Dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Arc GIS, nilai rata-rata SPI setiap periode kumulatif kemudian diinterpolasikan untuk mendapatkan sebaran spasial potensi kekeringan di seluruh wilayah DAS Kapuas. Seri data curah hujan harian tahun 1995-2017 dari 5 stasiun hujan yang kelola oleh Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) Provinsi Kalimantan Barat digunakan dalam analisisnya. Kelima stasiun pengamatan hujan tersebut terletak di (1) Bandara Supadio Pontianak, (2) Pelabuhan Maritim Pontianak, (3) Bandara Susilo Sintang Kabupaten Sintang, (4) Bandara Nanga Pinoh Kabupaten Melawi, dan (5) Bandara Pangsuma Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap lokasi pengamatan hujan mengalami kekeringan untuk setiap periode kumulatif dengan frekuensi 1 hingga 4 kali.Kekeringan tersebut memiliki durasi paling lama 2 bulan secara berturut-turut. Distribusi spasial SPI di DAS Kapuas memiliki nilai antara -0,1 hingga -0,07 yang termasuk dalam kategori normal. Secara keseluruhan, DAS Kapuas merupakan wilayah yang tidak berpotensi mengalami bencana kekeringan. Drought is a side effect of climate variability, which can occur in areas with high or low rainfall. Drought will become a disaster if it happens continuously. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) facilitates the drought monitoring by utilizing standard deviation of its rainfall. This study aims to analyze the potential for drought in the Kapuas Watershed. Kapuas Watershed is the widest watershed located in West Kalimantan Province. In this paper, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months cumulative periods of SPI will be used to determine the level of drought. Using Arc GIS software, the average SPI value for each cumulative period is then interpolated to obtain the spatial distribution of potential drought in the entire Kapuas Watershed area.The 1995-2017 daily rainfall data series from 5 rainfall stations managed by The West Kalimantan Province Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) were used in this analysis. The five rainfall stations are located at (1) Supadio Airport, Pontianak, (2) Pontianak Maritime Port, (3) Susilo Airport, Sintang Regency, (4) Nanga Pinoh Airport, Melawi Regency, and (5) Pangsuma Airport, Kapuas Hulu Regency. The results showed that each rainfall station experienced drought for each cumulative period with a frequency of 1 to 4 times. Its duration was 2 months or less. The spatial distribution of SPI in Kapuas Watershed has a value between -0.1 to -0.07 which categorized as normal. Overall, Kapuas Watershed is an area that has no potential for drought.

Analysis of the observed rainfall intensities in the territory of the Eastern Slovakia

Climate change has a significant impact on many sectors, including water management. A very important parameter in the designing of water management objects and systems (for example sewers, water retention facilities etc.) is rainfall intensity, which expresses the amount of precipitation per time. In Slovakia, the design values of rainfall intensities from 1973 are still in use. These values are outdated and probably currently unsatisfactory. This paper is focused on analysis of observed rainfall intensities in the territory of Eastern Slovakia. Observed rainfall data of 10 minutes’ rainfall for time period 2000-2018 was compared to design values of rainfall intensities from 1973. The data from two rainfall station Poprad and Košice were considered. In the paper, there are compared observed (measured) and designing rainfall intensities for the duration of rain 10, 30 and 60 minutes.