STUDIES ON RAINFALL CLIMATOLOGY AND LENGTH OF GROWING PERIOD FOR PADDY CULTIVATION OVER ORISSA

Aim. To define the priority trends of apple breeding in the southern steppe of Ukraine and to identify varieties – sources of high valuable-for-breeding indices for building up a working collection. Results and Discussion. Spring frosts and wet weather in May-June contributing to development of the scab pathogen (Venturia inaequalis), high temperature and water deficit in the 2nd half of the growing period, when fruits grow and ripen, are the major stress weather/climatic factors for apple trees in the southern steppe of Ukraine. Therefore, the priority in breeding is given to developing varieties that would be resistant to several unfavorable factors. At the same time, commercial use of new varieties is possible provided high commercial quality indicators of fruits. High resistance of buds to spring frosts was observed in varieties Vechirnia Zoria, Moldavskoye Krasnoye, and Prima. Oligogenic varieties (genes Vm and Vf), including Harant, Skifske Zoloto, and Liberty, showed no signs of scab development. Varieties with polygenic resistance to this disease were identified; they included Vechirnia Zoria, Ornament, Carola. Drought-tolerant varieties with high water-holding capacity of leaves and their turgor restoration after wilting, including Carola, Florina, and Prima, were selected by a laboratory method. Assessment of drought tolerance in the field made it possible to enrich this group with numerous varieties. Varieties giving fruits with high commercial qualities on insufficient water availability, such as Vechirnia Zoria, Harant, Moldavskoye Krasnoye, Ornament and others, were distinguished. Varieties combining resistance to several unfavorable abiotic and biotic factors with high marketability traits of fruits were singled out. Among them. Harant, Delicious Spur, Liberty, and Prima should be mentioned. Conclusions. The development of varieties with complex tolerance to spring frosts, drought, scab pathogen and high qualities of fruits is the priority trend in the breeding of apple trees in the southern steppe of Ukraine. Varieties - sources of individual valuable traits and their various combinations were identified. Varieties Vechirnia Zoria, Moldavskoye Krasnoye, Ornament, and Golden Resistant combine the maximum number of valuable-for-breeding features. It is varieties-sources of several traits that should make up a working collection of apple trees to increase the breeding efficiency.

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Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaves in Pop Corn, Sweet Corn, and Glutinous Corn during the Late Growing Period

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2009.01930 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 1930-1935 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhen-Peng ZUO ◽

Qing-Quan SUN ◽

Lu-Hao DONG ◽

Jing WANG ◽

Deng-Chao MA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Corn ◽

Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽

Growing Period

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NITROGEN NUTRITION OF CITRUS NURSERY STOCK IN PINE BARK SUBSTRATES.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1161f ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1161f-1161

Author(s):

John D. Lea-Cox ◽

Irwin E. Smith

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Growing Period ◽

Rough Lemon ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Citrus Rootstock ◽

Cleopatra Mandarin ◽

Nutrient Solutions

Pine bark is utilized as a substrate in citrus nurseries in South Africa. The Nitrogen (N) content of pine bark is inherently low, and due to the volubility of N, must be supplied on a continual basis to ensure optimum growth rates of young citrus nursery stock. Three citrus rootstock (rough lemon, carrizo citrange and cleopatra mandarin) showed no difference in stem diameter or total dry mass (TDM) when supplied N at concentrations between 25 and 200 mg ·l-1 N in the nutrient solution over a 12 month growing period. Free leaf arginine increased when N was supplied at 400 mg·l-1 N. The form of N affected the growth of rough lemon. High NH4-N:NO3-N (75:25) ratios decreased TDM when Sulfur (S) was absent from the nutrient solution, but not if S was present. Free arginine increased in leaves at high NH4-N (No S) ratios, but not at high NH4-N (S supplied) ratios. Free leaf arginine was correlated with free leaf ammonia. These results have important implications for reducing the concentration of N in nutrient solutions used in citrus nurseries and may indicate that higher NH4-N ratios can be used when adequate S is also supplied.

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Nitrogen Demand of Cut Chrysanthemums in Relation to Shoot Height and Planting Date

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.523c ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 523c-523

Author(s):

Siegfried Zerche

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Density ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

N Uptake ◽

Planting Date ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Growing Period

Refined nutrient delivery systems are important for environmentally friendly production of cut flowers in both soil and hydroponic culture. They have to be closely orientated at the actual nutrient demand. To solve current problems, express analysis and nutrient uptake models have been developed in horticulture. However, the necessity of relatively laborious analysis or estimation of model input parameters have prevented their commercial use up to now. For this reason, we studied relationships between easily determinable parameters of plant biomass structure as shoot height, plant density and dry matter production as well as amount of nitrogen removal of hydroponically grown year-round cut chrysanthemums. In four experiments (planting dates 5.11.91; 25.3.92; 4.1.93; 1.7.93) with cultivar `Puma white' and a fixed plant density of 64 m2, shoots were harvested every 14 days from planting until flowering, with dry matter, internal N concentration and shoot height being measured. For each planting date, N uptake (y) was closely (r2 = 0.94; 0.93; 0.84; 0.93, respectively) related to shoot height (x) at the time of cutting and could be characterized by the equation y = a * × b. In the soilless cultivation system, dry matter concentrations of N remained constant over the whole growing period, indicating non-limiting nitrogen supply. In agreement with constant internal N concentrations, N uptake was linearly related (r2 = 0.94 to 0.99) to dry matter accumulation. It is concluded that shoot height is a useful parameter to include in a simple model of N uptake. However, in consideration of fluctuating greenhouse climate conditions needs more sophisticated approaches including processes such as water uptake and photosynthetically active radiation.

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Phosphorus Fertilization in Ebb and Flow Production of Bedding Plants

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.523b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 523b-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erin James ◽

Marc van Iersel

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Plant Production ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Time Interval ◽

Nutrient Runoff ◽

Growing Period ◽

Bedding Plants ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Bedding Plant ◽

Ebb And Flow

The quantity and quality of available water in the Southeastern United States continues to decline as demands on limited resources increase. Growers will soon be forced to comply with legal limitations on water consumption and limits on nutrient runoff from their operations. A lack of information on standard growing practices using alternative irrigation systems such as ebb and flow is hindering their acceptance and implementation. We are currently conducting a series of experiments to establish basic growing guidelines for the use of ebb and flow in the greenhouse in bedding plant production. In the third of these experiments, Petunia × hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr. `Blue Frost' and Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch. `Ambassador Scarlet' were grown for 5 weeks on ebb and flow tables with fertigation solutions (225 ppm N) containing three different levels of phosphorus (0, 50, and 100 ppm). Three soilless media were also used, which varied in their percentage content of vermiculite, perlite, pine bark and coconut coir. For both the begonias and petunias dry mass of the shoot was greatest in plants grown with higher levels of phosphorus. In comparison to plants grown with 0 ppm phosphorous, petunias and begonias grown with 50 or 100 ppm P were 44% and 25% greater in mass, respectively. However, begonias had 38% more flowers when fertigated with the higher levels of phosphorous while petunias flowered earlier with 0 ppm P fertigation solution. The electrical conductivity of the media did not change significantly over the course of the growing period, but the pH dropped by an average of 1 over the same time interval.

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Purification of Pisciculture Waters through Cultivation and Harvesting of Aquatic Biomass

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1987.0103 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 113-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Simeon ◽

M. Silhol

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Macrophyte ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Final Decision ◽

Effluent Water ◽

Aquatic Biomass ◽

Growing Period ◽

European Climate ◽

Nuclear Plants ◽

Economical Optimization ◽

Water Hyacinths

The study of thermal wastes from the nuclear plants around Pierrelatte for agricultural, piscicultural, energy and environmental protection purposes resulted in the establishment of a pilot facility as early as 1976. An aquatic macrophyte pilot facility has been operational since 1983 to study the use of water hyacinths from the aspects of energy and ecology. The results obtained suggest that production yields for the 7 month growing period should exceed 60 metric tons (MT) (dry weight) per hectare in a European climate, and that such crops can feasibly be cultivated in temperate regions. The pilot facility is supplied with pisciculture effluent water, making it possible to quantify the stabilization power of the plants. Without primary decantation, with a retention time of 4 days and stabilization with water hyacinths only, the organic matter waste pond surface area required is 3.5 m2/m2 of pisciculture pond. Any primary or secondary facilities will lead to a reduction of these areas. The final decision will depend on the economical optimization of all the wastewater.

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ROLE(S) OF GRAVITATIONAL LOADING ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR PROPERTIES

Aerospace and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.21687/0233-528x-2020-54-6-73-79 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 73-79

Author(s):

F. Kawano ◽

◽

T. Ohira ◽

K. Goto ◽

Y. Ohira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Function ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽

Hindlimb Unloading ◽

Hindlimb Suspension ◽

Spatial Learning And Memory ◽

Single Muscle ◽

Memory Functions ◽

Growing Period ◽

Gravitational Loading

The roles of gravitational load or anti-gravitational muscular activities on the growth and development of motor function and/or anti-gravity muscle, soleus, had been investigated. In this review, the responses of growth-associated changes in swimming [1, 2] and/or surface righting performance [3], spatial learning and memory functions [4], and hippocampal neurogenesis [5] or protein expression [6] to hindlimb unloading (HU) by hindlimb suspension or spaceflight during neonatal growing period in rats were discussed. Effects on the morphological and contractile properties, distribution of neuromuscular junction in single muscle fibers, sampled from tendon-to-tendon, and roles of satellite cells and myonuclei in the regulation of these properties [7–9] were also reviewed.

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Competition for Light Interception in Cotton Populations of Different Densities

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

Huanxuan Chen ◽

Xinxin Zhao ◽

Yingchun Han ◽

Fangfang Xing ◽

Lu Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Competition ◽

Grid Method ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Light Interception ◽

Agricultural Science ◽

Shade Avoidance ◽

Canopy Architecture ◽

Growing Period ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Competition For Light

Modification of the cotton canopy results in shade avoidance and competition for light, which shows that density and spatial arrangement of cotton have a great impact on light interception. This experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in the experimental field at the Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science in Anyang city, Henan Province, China. Six plant densities of cotton variety SCRC28 were used to assess spatial competition for light in cotton populations during the whole growing period. Light interception data were collected and analyzed according to the spatial grid method and the extension of Simpson’s 3/8 rule. The results showed that at the bottom of the canopy, greater light interception was observed at high densities than at low densities, while in the external part of the layer of the canopy in the horizontal direction, low light interception was recorded at low densities. Leaf area, aboveground biomass and plant height were obviously correlated with light interception, and the cotton population with a higher density (8.7 plants m−2) performed best at the light interception competition, and with the highest yield. The results will provide guidance on light management through the optimization of the structure of the canopy to provide more solar radiation and a significant basis by which to improve the management of light and canopy architecture.

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