NITROGEN NUTRITION OF CITRUS NURSERY STOCK IN PINE BARK SUBSTRATES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161f-1161
Author(s):  
John D. Lea-Cox ◽  
Irwin E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Pine bark is utilized as a substrate in citrus nurseries in South Africa. The Nitrogen (N) content of pine bark is inherently low, and due to the volubility of N, must be supplied on a continual basis to ensure optimum growth rates of young citrus nursery stock. Three citrus rootstock (rough lemon, carrizo citrange and cleopatra mandarin) showed no difference in stem diameter or total dry mass (TDM) when supplied N at concentrations between 25 and 200 mg ·l-1 N in the nutrient solution over a 12 month growing period. Free leaf arginine increased when N was supplied at 400 mg·l-1 N. The form of N affected the growth of rough lemon. High NH4-N:NO3-N (75:25) ratios decreased TDM when Sulfur (S) was absent from the nutrient solution, but not if S was present. Free arginine increased in leaves at high NH4-N (No S) ratios, but not at high NH4-N (S supplied) ratios. Free leaf arginine was correlated with free leaf ammonia. These results have important implications for reducing the concentration of N in nutrient solutions used in citrus nurseries and may indicate that higher NH4-N ratios can be used when adequate S is also supplied.

scholarly journals Wpływ szczepów bakterii wyizolowanych z hydroponicznej uprawy sałaty (Lactuca sativa L.) na wzrost siewek sałaty, rosnących w obecnosci rożnych form pożywienia azotowego [Influence of bacterial strains isolated from hydroponic cultures of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) on the growth of lettuce seedlings growing in the presence of various forms of nitrogen nutrition]

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Z. Kobierzyńska-Gołąb
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Hydroponic Cultures ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

320 bacterial strains isolated from the surface of cultivated plants, as well as from other parts of hydroponic cultures showed stimulating (49 bacterial strains) or inhibitory (9 bacterial strains) properties in respect to the investigated plant. The following bacteria were isolated: <i>Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Agrobacterium, Achromobacter</i> and <i>Chromobacterium</i>. The effects of active bacterial strains on the growth of seedlings were investigated in dependence on the kind of inorganic form of nitrogen present in the nutrient solutions. The same bacterial strains exerted a stimulating effect on seedlings growing on nitrates, weaker stimulation was observed in cultures with ammonium nitrate; the growth of lettuce seedlings on nutrient solution with ammonium only, was, as a rule, inhibited by the bacteria.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION AND N:K RATIO IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION FOR HYDROPONIC PRODUCTION OF CUCUMBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEISE SILVA CASTRO PIMENTEL CARDOSO ◽  
MARIA APARECIDA NOGUEIRA SEDIYAMA ◽  
YONARA POLTRONIERI ◽  
MAIRA CHRISTINA MARQUES FONSECA ◽  
YANE FERNANDES NEVES
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

ABSTRACT The N:K ratio influences the balance between vegetative and reproductive stages, because potassium plays important roles in the processes that regulate plant growth when the nitrogen availability is high. However, there is a lack of information on the N:K ratio suitable for cucumber cultivation in an NFT-hydroponic system. The objective of this study is to evaluate the different N:K ratios in fruiting nutrient solutions for cucumber production in a hydroponic system. Treatments consisted of two cucumber hybrids (Natsuno Kagayaki and Runner) and four nutrition solutions with different N:K ratios (w/w) (1:0.5, 1:1.0, 1:2.0, and 1:3.0) in the reproductive phase arranged as split plots in a randomized block design with four replications. On the 33rd day after sowing (DAS), the SPAD index on the fourth expanded leaf from the plant apex, number of broaches, and harvests were evaluated. The aerial parts of the plants were collected on the 54th DAS for evaluation of fresh mass, dry mass, and number of leaves per plant. The results showed that the highest concentration of K in the fruiting nutrient solution does not alter the length of the fruits but increases their diameter yield. The N:K ratios in the 1:2.0 and 1:3.0 (w/w) nutrient solutions provided greater yields in both evaluated hybrids. The hybrid Natsuno Kagayaki, however, showed the highest productivity, and it is recommended for hydroponic cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation with nutrient solutions mixed with treated wastewater on Asiatic lily ‘Brunello’ grown in a closed soilless culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel-Nabi Al-Hammouri ◽  
Khalid Al-Ghawanmeh ◽  
Nabeel Bani Hani ◽  
Nabeela Karam
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

<p><span>A plastic greenhouse study was implemented to evaluate the potential use of treated wastewater for irrigation of Asiatic lily ‘Brunello’ grown in zeolite. Plants received the following treatments: a nutrient solution (N) alone, (N) mixed with treated wastewater (W) at rates of 3N:1W, 1N:1W and 1N:3W respectively. A closed system was used in which the drain solution was circulated for several days until its electrical conductivity reached 2.3 dS m<sup>-1</sup>, after which fresh irrigation solutions were used to start a second cycle of circulation. The results indicated that plants irrigated with (N) or 3N:1W solution had the longest stems (34.4 and 36.2 cm) respectively, peduncles and buds (about 4.5 cm), and the greatest shoot (3.4 and 3.8 cm) and bud mass (14.95 and 17.6 g) respectively. Plants irrigated with 1N:3W solution had the highest dry mass tissue content of K (3.06 g kg <sup>-1</sup>) and B (35.5 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>). Plants irrigated with 1N:1W or 1N:3W were inferior to other plants. It can be concluded that 1N:3W mixture may be used for production of high quality cut flowers of lily. Moreover, it is expected to save 3.4 litres m<sup>-2</sup> of a nutrient solution and 1850, 347 and 1870 mg m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> for N, P, and K respectively.</span></p>

scholarly journals DESCRIÇÃO DE SINTOMAS VISUAIS EM FUNÇÃO DAS DEFICIÊNCIAS DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM MUDAS DE CEREJEIRA (Amburana acreana)

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Ramos Vieira ◽  
Oscarlina Lúcia dos Santos Weber ◽  
José Fernando Scaramuzza ◽  
Anne Caroline Costa ◽  
Thaianny Rodrigues de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Nutritive Solution ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nursery Plant ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a sintomatologia visual das carências de macronutrientes e produção de massa seca em mudas de cerejeira (Amburana acreana), cultivadas em solução nutritiva. As mudas de cerejeira foram produzidas em tubetes de 180 cm³ e posteriormente transplantadas para sacolas plásticas (17 x 10 cm). Ao atingirem 20 cm de altura, foram transplantadas para tubos de PVC preenchidos com areia e submetidas por 30 dias a solução nutritiva completa, correspondente ao período de adaptação. Em seguida, as mudas foram submetidas por 90 dias a soluções nutritivas completa e com omissão de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, constituindo sete tratamentos e três repetições em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A cada 30 dias, as mudas foram avaliadas em altura e diâmetro de colo e os sintomas de deficiência foram identificados. Após os 90 dias de aplicação de solução nutritiva, as mudas foram secas em estufa e a biomassa seca foi determinada. Concluiu-se que P, S e N foram os macronutrientes que mais limitaram o crescimento das mudas de Amburana acreana e P e S, a produção de matéria seca. Houve maior absorção de N, P e K na parte aérea das mudas de cerejeira e de N e Mg pelo sistema radicular.Palavras-chave: Espécie florestal; viveiro florestal; nutrição de plantas. AbstractDescription of visual symptoms under macronutrients deficiency in seedlings of cerejeira (Amburana acreana ducke). This study aimed to identify the visual symptoms of deficiencies of nutrients and dry mass production in seedlings of cherry (Amburana acreana), grown in nutrient solution. Cherry seedlings were grown in tubes 180 cm³ and later transplanted into plastic bags (17 x 10 cm). Upon reaching 20 cm height were transplanted to PVC tubes filled with sand and subjected to 30 days to complete nutritive solution, corresponding to the period of adaptation. Then the seedlings were subjected for 90 days, to complete nutrient solutions and with the omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, constituting seven treatments and three replications in a randomized design. Every 30 days, the seedlings were assessed for height and diameter, and deficiency symptoms were identified and photographed. After 90 days of application of nutrient solution, the seedlings were dried and the dry biomass was determinate. It was concluded that P, S and N were the macronutrients that limit the growth of seedlings Amburana acreana and P and S, the dry mass production. There was greater absorption of N, P and K in shoots of the seedlings and N and Mg by root.Keywords: Amazonian species; nursery; plant nutrition.

scholarly journals Iron sources for citrus rootstock development grown on pine bark/vermiculite mixed substrate

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi ◽  
Ondino Cleante Bataglia ◽  
Pedro Roberto Furlani ◽  
Eliana Aparecida Schammass
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Mixed Substrate ◽  
Soluble Iron ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

For high technology seedling production systems, nutrition plays an important role, mainly the fertigation with iron chelates to prevent its deficiency. This study had the goal of searching for alternative iron sources with the same nutrient efficiency but lower cost in relation to nutrient solution total cost. An experiment was carried out in 56 cm³-conic-containers tilled with a pine bark/ vermiculite mixed substrate using Fe-DTPA, Fe-EDDHA, Fe-EDDHMA, Fe-EDTA, Fe-HEDTA, FeCl3, FeSO4, FeSO4+citric acid plus a control, and the rootstocks Swingle, Rangpur, Trifoliata and Cleopatra, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Seedlings were evaluated for height, relative chlorophyll index, total and soluble iron leaf concentrations. Cleopatra was the only rootstock observed without visual iron chlorosis symptoms. There was a low relative chlorophyll index for Rangpur, Swingle and Trifoliata rootstocks in the control plots, in agreement with the observed symptoms. High total iron concentrations were found in the control and Fe-EDTA plots, whereas soluble iron represented only a low percent of the total iron. The economical analysis showed the following cost values of iron sources in relation to the nutrient solution total costs: Fe-HEDTA (37.25%) > FeCl3 (4.61%) > Fe-EDDHMA (4.53%) > Fe-EDDHA (3.35%) > Fe-DTPA (2.91%) > Fe-EDTA (1.08%) > FeSO4+citric acid (0.78%) > FeSO4 (0.25%). However, only plants from Fe-EDDHA and Fe-EDDHMA treatments did not present any deficiency visual symptoms. The relative cost of Fe-EDDHA application is low, its efficiency in maintaining iron available in solution resulted in high plant heights, making it recommendable for citric rootstock production in nurseries.

scholarly journals Selecting the Best Citrus Rootstock for Young `Valencia' Orange Trees Under Soil Salinity Stress Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 895E-896
Author(s):  
A.M. Akl*
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Troyer Citrange

This study was conducted during 2002 and 2003 seasons to select the best citrus rootstocks for young `Valencia' orange trees grown under soil salinity stress. Six citrus rootstocks namely Volkamer lemon, Cleopatra mandarin, Troyer citrange, Rough lemon, Egyptian lime, and Sour orange were tested. Four soil salinity levels, namely, 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% were examined. Results showed that growth criteria, plant pigments and percentages of N, P, and K in the leaves of `Valencia' orange onto all citrus rootstocks tended to reduce with raising soil salinity. The harmful effects imposed by soil salinity was `Valencia' orange on Volkamer lemon, Cleopatra mandarin Troyer citrange, Rough lemon, Egyptian lime, and Sour orange, in asending order. Results proved the superiority of Volkamer lemon, Cleopatra mandarin, and Trouyer citrange rootstocks for `Valencia' orange transplants grown under salinity conditions as compared to the other rootstocks. `Valencia' orange on such promising rootstocks could tolerate soil salinity until 0.20% without adverse effects on growth of transplants. Sour orange rootstock seems to be the lowest suitable stock for `Valencia' orange tansplants grown under soil salinity conditions.

scholarly journals Fertilizantes agrícolas aplicados via solução nutritiva em Cattleya labiata Lindl

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Thibes Hoshino ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Cito Alves ◽  
Renan Ribeiro Barzan ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo de Freitas Fregonezi ◽  
Ricardo Tadeu de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Fertilization through nutrient solution is commonly used in commercial production of potted flowers, being employed soluble NPK formulations. However, most commercial formulations available in the market have high costs and the use of agricultural fertilizers can be an economically viable alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural fertilizers applied as nutrient solutions, in replacement of commercial formulations, on initial growth of Cattleya labiata. C. labiata seedlings in vitro propagated were grown in a greenhouse with controlled temperature, 27 ± 2° C, and retaining 50% brightness. Polypropylene pots were used with 0.415 L capacity, containing a mixture of pine bark and charcoal (1:1, v:v) as substrate. Altogether were used 4 treatments: without fertilization (control); Peters® - NPK 20 20 20 (3.0 g L -1 ); NPK - urea (1.3 g L -1 ), superphosphate (3.3 g L -1 ) and potassium chloride (1.0 g L -1 ); NK - urea (1.3 g L -1 ) and potassium chloride (1.0 g L -1 ). The nutrient solutions were applied 50 ml per pot every two weeks, according to the treatments. Were evaluated phytometric characteristics, pH and electrical conductivity of the substrate beyond the levels and accumulation of macronutrients. The experimental design was completely randomized with 12 replications, being considered each pot with two plants as an experimental unit. The parameters were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Regarding phytometric parameters no significant differences were observed between the treatments that received fertilization, which are superior to the control in height and dry mass of shoots. The more accumulated nutrients were K>Ca>N, in the treatments that received fertilization. The use of urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride, applied in nutrientsolution, have potential to replace the commercial formulations in the initial growth of native orchid Cattleya labiata.

scholarly journals Somatic Hybridization, an Integral Component of Citrus Cultivar Improvement: II. Rootstock Improvement

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Grosser ◽  
J. Jiang ◽  
E.S. Louzada ◽  
J.L. Chandler ◽  
F.G. Gmitter
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Practical Strategy ◽  
Sweet Lime ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Citrus Cultivar ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Production of tetraploid somatic hybrids that combine complementary diploid rootstock germplasm via protoplast fusion has become a practical strategy for citrus rootstock improvement, with the overall objective of packaging necessary disease and pest resistance into horticulturally desirable, widely adapted rootstocks. Citrus somatic hybridization techniques have been advanced to the point where numerous somatic hybrid rootstocks can now be produced and propagated for evaluation on a timely basis. Herein we report the production of 11 new somatic hybrid rootstock candidates from 12 different parents, including Milam lemon hybrid (Citrus jambhiri Lush.), Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), sour orange (C. aurantium L.), `Succari' sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], `Redblush' grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.), `Nova' tangelo [C. reticulata × (C. paradisi × C. reticulata)], `Kinkoji' (C. obovoidea Hort. Ex Takahashi), Swingle citrumelo [C. paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata), rough lemon 8166 (C. jambhiri), and Palestine sweet lime (C. limettoides Tan.). All hybrids were confirmed by cytological and VNTR-PCR analyses, and have been propagated, budded with a commercial scion, and field-planted for performance evaluation.

scholarly journals Nitrate concentration in lettuce leaves depending on photosynthetic photon flux and nitrate concentration in the nutrient solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilton Nélio Cometti ◽  
Madlles Q Martins ◽  
Cintia Aparecida Bremenkamp ◽  
José Arcanjo Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Growing Period

The nitrate accumulation in plant tissues can occur due to low light availability. However, published studies have not linked nitrate accumulation to photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) measured during the growing period. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the reduction of photosynthetic photon flux and the concentration of nitrate in the nutrient solution on agronomic characteristics and accumulation of nitrate in lettuce grown in hydroponics. The trial design was entirely randomized in a factorial scheme (4 x 2) with three repetitions, and four shading levels: 0, 30, 50, and 80% and two nitrate levels in nutrient solution: 5 and 10 mmol L-1. The dry matter production decreased directly and linearly with the reduction of light. The lowest level in nitrate solution also led to reduction in dry mass yield. The maximum accumulation of nitrate reached 966.3 mg kg-1 fresh mass, with PPF of 118 μmol/m²/s and 140 mg L-1 of N-NO3-1 (below the maximum levels recommended by the European Union), and the minimum of 200 mg kg-1 with PPF of 455 μmol/m²/s and 70 mg L-1 of N-NO3-1 in the nutrient solution. The reduction of nitrate in the nutrient solution from 140 to 70 mg L-1 led to the reduction of nitrate accumulation in shoots, but also caused a decrease in the production of phytomass of shoots, as well as reduced leaf area significantly.

Phosphorus Fertilization in Ebb and Flow Production of Bedding Plants

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 523b-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin James ◽  
Marc van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Ebb And Flow

The quantity and quality of available water in the Southeastern United States continues to decline as demands on limited resources increase. Growers will soon be forced to comply with legal limitations on water consumption and limits on nutrient runoff from their operations. A lack of information on standard growing practices using alternative irrigation systems such as ebb and flow is hindering their acceptance and implementation. We are currently conducting a series of experiments to establish basic growing guidelines for the use of ebb and flow in the greenhouse in bedding plant production. In the third of these experiments, Petunia × hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr. `Blue Frost' and Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch. `Ambassador Scarlet' were grown for 5 weeks on ebb and flow tables with fertigation solutions (225 ppm N) containing three different levels of phosphorus (0, 50, and 100 ppm). Three soilless media were also used, which varied in their percentage content of vermiculite, perlite, pine bark and coconut coir. For both the begonias and petunias dry mass of the shoot was greatest in plants grown with higher levels of phosphorus. In comparison to plants grown with 0 ppm phosphorous, petunias and begonias grown with 50 or 100 ppm P were 44% and 25% greater in mass, respectively. However, begonias had 38% more flowers when fertigated with the higher levels of phosphorous while petunias flowered earlier with 0 ppm P fertigation solution. The electrical conductivity of the media did not change significantly over the course of the growing period, but the pH dropped by an average of 1 over the same time interval.

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