scholarly journals Recent trends in climate of Bangalore

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-438
Author(s):  
M. MOHAPATRA
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Bangalore City ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Diurnal Range ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

The linear trends in the monthly, seasonal and annual mean maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, diurnal range of temperature, rainfall, relative humidities at 0830 & 1730 hr IST of Bangalore city and airport have been analysed based on the data for the period from 1960-95. The variation in surface wind over Bangalore during above period has also been studied to find out impact of urbanisation on weather parameters. It is found that Bangalore city is becoming warmer in terms of mean maximum & mean minimum temperatures. Rate of increase is significantly higher over Bangalore city (central observatory) than that over airport during winter months. Similarly the rising trend of average temperature of Bangalore city is higher than of Bangalore airport during October to April being significantly so during winter season. Also the diurnal range of temperature of Bangalore is becoming larger in winter months with the rising trend being higher over Bangalore city than over airport. Even though rainfall does not show any significant trend, the rising trend during monsoon & falling trend during post monsoon season over Bangalore city are higher than that of Bangalore airport. Also though both Bangalore city & airport show maximum rising trend in mean relative humidity at 0830 hr IST during winter, the rate of rise is less over Bangalore city. Similarly though the relative humidity at 1730 hr IST shows decreasing trend during all the seasons, the rate of decrease is less over Bangalore city for all seasons except post monsoon season. The mean maximum, minimum and average temperatures and relative humidities show cyclic variation of their monthly trend coefficients during the year.

Evapotranspiration Distribution and Variation of Pakistan (1931-2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saifullah Khan ◽  
Mahmood Ul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

AbstractEvapotranspiration is the main element of aridity and desertification and to balance the natural hydrological processes. Pakistan has a high degree of evapotranspiration, as it is in subtropical belt, with long sunshine duration and low cloudiness in summers. June is the warmest month, when the evapotranspiration exceeds 7mm (0.28inches), whereas, January is the coldest month, when evapotranspiration of the country falls to 1mm (0.04inches). The maximum evapotranspiration has been recorded at the southern latitudes of the country (Hyderabad and Jacobabad), while it decreases towards northwest (mountainous region) and Gilgit-Baltistan (Astore and Skardu). This variation in evapotranspiration is due to fluctuation in temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, wind speed, relative humidity, physical relief and latitudinal as well as altitudinal extend of the country. The average evapotranspiration of Pakistan is 4.5mm with an increase of 1.0mm during 1931-2015. In winter and summer season, the lower Indus basin, has recorded high evapotranspiration as compared to the northern mountainous region. The average evapotranspiration of Pakistan during winter season is 2.7mm, while in summer it is 6.3mm. This variation is due to the variation in the length of day and night, humidity, precipitation, surface pressure, wind speed, and topography of the land. During cold season the average evapotranspiration of the country is 13.7mm, pre-monsoon season 17.1mm, monsoon season 15.8mm and post monsoon season 8mm. Obviously, the highest evapotranspiration of Pakistan has recorded during pre-monsoon season with extreme temperature, scarce precipitation, long sunshine duration, lowest relative humidity, low pressure, and calm winds and chilly condition. Furthermore, during cold (0.1mm), pre-monsoon (3.5mm), and monsoon season (2.2mm) the evapotranspiration shows an increase, where as it reveals a negative deviation of -5.6mm in post monsoon season due to increase in the precipitation from reversible monsoon lows at the southern latitudes of the country. Generally, the evapotranspiration of Pakistan increases from northwest to southeast and a main agent of delimitation of the arid region of the country. The main factors that cause variation in the evapotranspiration of the country from south towards north are temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, relative humidity, surface pressure, wind speed, fogs, cloudiness, topography, latitudinal and altitudinal extend of the country that required further research.

scholarly journals Analysis of rainfall and temperature trends of selected stations over North East India during last century

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-508
Author(s):  
S.I. LASKAR ◽  
S.D. KOTAL ◽  
S.K.ROY BHOWMIK
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
North East India ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Increasing Trends

In this study, the trends of seasonal maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall time series were investigated for 9 selected stations in the north eastern India with the available data stretching between the years 1913-2012.During the period under study the minimum temperature has increasing trends in almost all the stations of north east India except Cherrapunji where it shows decreasing trend in all the season of the year. In case of maximum temperature Cherrapunji, Guwahati and Imphal show increasing trends during all the seasons. Agartala and Shillong show increasing trend of maximum temperature during monsoon and post monsoon season. Dibrugarh and Pasighat show decreasing trend during pre monsoon season and increasing trend during all other seasons of the year. Gangtok shows decreasing trend of maximum temperature during all the seasons where as Silchar shows no trend in maximum temperature.Out of all the selected nine stations, most of the stations show either decreasing trend or no trend of rainfall except Guwahati which shows significant increasing trend of rainfall during post monsoon season.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Tropical Cyclone Genesis and the Related Large-Scale Environments: Comparison between the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea Sub-Basins

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
Wei Duan ◽  
Junpeng Yuan ◽  
Xu Duan ◽  
Dian Feng
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
Vertical Wind ◽  
Tropical Cyclone Genesis ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

Using tropical cyclone data along with sea surface temperature data (SST) and atmospheric circulation reanalysis data during the period of 1980–2019, the seasonal variation of tropical cyclone genesis (TCG), and the related oceanic and atmospheric environments over the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BOB) are compared and analyzed in detail. The results show that TCG in both the BOB and AS present bimodal seasonal variations, with two peak periods in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season, respectively. The frequencies of TCG in the BOB and AS are comparatively similar in the pre-monsoon season but significantly different in the post-monsoon season. During the post-monsoon season of October–November, the TCG frequency in the BOB is approximately 2.3 times higher than that of the AS. The vertical wind shear and relative humidity in the low- and middle-level troposphere are the two major contributing factors for TCG, and the combination of these two factors determines the bimodal seasonal cycle of TCG in both the AS and BOB. In the pre-monsoon season, an increase in the positive contribution of vertical wind shear and a decrease in the negative contribution of relative humidity are collaboratively favorable for TCG in the AS and BOB. During the monsoon season, the relative humidity factor shows a significant and positive contribution to TCG, but its positive effect is offset by the strong negative effect of vertical wind shear and potential intensity, thus resulting in very low TCG in the AS and BOB. However, the specific relative contributions of each environmental factor to the TCG variations in the AS and BOB basins are quite different, especially in the post-monsoon season. In the post-monsoon season, the primary positive contributor to TCG in the AS basin is vertical wind shear, while the combined effect of vertical wind shear and relative humidity dominates in the BOB TCG. From the analysis of environmental factors, atmospheric circulations, and genesis potential index (GPI), the BOB is found to have more favorable TCG conditions than the AS, especially in the post-monsoon season.

scholarly journals Intercomparison review of IPWV retrieved from INSAT-3DR sounder, GNSS and CAMS reanalysis data

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 4857-4877
Author(s):  
Ramashray Yadav ◽  
Ram Kumar Giri ◽  
Virendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Gnss Data

Abstract. The spatiotemporal variations of integrated precipitable water vapor (IPWV) are very important in understanding the regional variability of water vapor. Traditional in situ measurements of IPWV in the Indian region are limited, and therefore the performance of satellite and Copernicus Atmosphere Meteorological Service (CAMS) retrievals with the Indian Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as reference were analyzed. In this study the CAMS reanalysis data of 1 year (2018) and the Indian GNSS and INSAT-3DR sounder retrieval data for 1.5 years (January 2017 to June 2018) were utilized, and statistics were computed. It is noticed that seasonal correlation coefficient (CC) values between INSAT-3DR and Indian GNSS data mainly lie within the range of 0.50 to 0.98 for all the selected 19 stations except Thiruvananthapuram (0.1), Kanyakumari (0.31) and Karaikal (0.15) during the monsoon season and Panjim (0.2) during the post-monsoon season. The seasonal CC values between CAMS and GNSS IPWV range from 0.73 to .99 except for Jaipur (0.16) and Bhubaneswar (0.29) during the pre-monsoon season, Panjim (0.38) during the monsoon season, Nagpur (0.50) during the post-monsoon season, and Dibrugarh (0.49) Jaipur (0.58) and Bhubaneswar (0.16) during the winter season. The root mean square error (RMSE) values are higher under the wet conditions (pre-monsoon and monsoon season) than under dry conditions (post-monsoon and winter season), and we found differences in magnitude and sign of bias for INSAT-3DR and CAMS with respect to GNSS IPWV from station to station and season to season. This study will help to improve understanding and utilization of CAMS and INSAT-3DR data more effectively along with GNSS data over land, coastal and desert locations in terms of the seasonal flow of IPWV, which is an essential integrated variable in forecasting applications.

In vitro Fertilisation Capacity of Frozen Crossbred Bull Semen Cryopreserved During Different Seasons in Kerala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Revathy ◽  
R.S. Abhilash ◽  
C. Jayakumar ◽  
P.K. Magnus ◽  
K. Raji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Different Seasons

Background: Assessment of semen quality of bulls in frozen semen stations is of paramount importance as they are used for inseminating large number of cattle. The present study was conducted to assess the in vitro fertilisation capacity of crossbred bull semen cryopreserved during different seasons in Kerala as reports of such an evaluation are scarce.Methods: Semen samples from six crossbred bulls of same exotic inheritance, cryopreserved during rainy, post monsoon and summer seasons were procured from KLDB, Dhoni. The collected samples were evaluated for their in vitro fertilisation potential.Result: Hot dry summer season in Kerala adversely affects the fertilisation capacity of spermatozoa. Rainy season was observed to be the most favourable season for good quality semen production and post monsoon season was intermediate between summer and rainy season. It can be concluded from the present investigation that semen cryopreserved during summer season have lower fertilisation and cleavage rate than rainy and post monsoon season. This might be due to the harmful effect of significantly higher average maximum temperature and lower relative humidity occurred in the area during summer season on spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals Seasonal Trend Analysis in Rainfall and Temperature for Udaipur District of Rajasthan

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-319
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Deoli ◽  
Saroj Rana
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Temperature Trend ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Rainfall Trend ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Level Of Significance

The present study is mainly focused on to detection of changing trend in rainfall and temperature for Udaipur district situated in the Rajasthan state of India. The district situated in the western part of India which obtained less rainfall as compared with the average rainfall of India. In the present article, the approach has been tried to analysis to detect rainfall trend, maximum temperature trend and minimum temperature trend for the area. For this daily rainfall data of 39 years (1975 to 2013) add seasonally and the temperature has been calculated by averaging of daily temperature for a period of 39 years. For determining the trend the year has been shared out into four seasons like the winter season, pre-monsoon season, monsoon season and post-monsoon season. To obtained magnitude of trend San’s slope estimator test has been used and for significance in trend Mann-Kendall statistics test has been applied. The results obtained for the study show significantly decreasing rainfall trend for the season winter and season post-monsoon whereas pre-monsoon and monsoon show increasing rainfall trend. The maximum temperature of pre-monsoon and monsoon months shows a significantly increasing trend whereas, in minimum temperature, winter season and pre-monsoon season shows an increasing trend which is significant at 10% level of significance and post-monsoon shows a decreasing trend which is also significant at 10% level of significance.

scholarly journals Intensification and movement of cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal during post monsoon season

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
A. MUTHUCHAMI ◽  
S. SRIDHARAN
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
India Meteorological Department ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Cyclonic Storm ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Cyclonic Storms

Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and from the available data on tracks of the storms from India Meteorological Department for the period 1981-2005 an attempt is made to understand the intensification of storms and their movements in the Bay of Bengal during post-monsoon season. It is noticed that in the month of October only 12 % of the cyclonic storms weakened whereas in November and December it is 28 % and 41 % respectively. Cyclonic storms moving in a northeast direction weaken in all the months of post-monsoon season. Most of the westward moving storms do not undergo weakening. In the Bay of Bengal, SST and relative humidity are not responsible for weakening of the storms except in December but wind shear is responsible for weakening. The orientation of isotherms of SST of Bay of Bengal influences the direction of motion.  During the years when the storms are predominantly moving west/northwest the SST over the Bay of Bengal is about 1.0° C warmer than the years when the storms are predominantly moving in north/northeastward. If the isotherms of SST are oriented southwest-northeast with higher value in the east then system may move in north or northeastward and on such occasions east Bay of Bengal is warmer than west Bay of Bengal.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature, Relative Humidity and Seasonal Variability on Ambient Air Quality in a Coastal Urban Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramasamy Jayamurugan ◽  
B. Kumaravel ◽  
S. Palanivelraja ◽  
M. P. Chockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Higher Temperature

The concentration of air pollutants in ambient air is governed by the meteorological parameters such as atmospheric wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and temperature. This study analyses the influence of temperature and relative humidity on ambient SO2, NOx, RSPM, and SPM concentrations at North Chennai, a coastal city in India, during monsoon, post-monsoon, summer, and pre-monsoon seasons for 2010-11 using regression analysis. The results of the study show that both SO2 and NOx were negatively correlated in summer (r2=0.25 for SO2 and r2=0.15 for NOx) and moderately and positively correlated (r2=0.32 for SO2 and r2=0.51 for NOx) during post-monsoon season with temperature. RSPM and SPM had positive correlation with temperature in all the seasons except post-monsoon one. These findings indicate that the influence of temperature on gaseous pollutant (SO2 & NOx) is much more effective in summer than other seasons, due to higher temperature range, but in case of particulate, the correlation was found contradictory. The very weak to moderate correlations existing between the temperature and ambient pollutant concentration during all seasons indicate the influence of inconstant thermal variation in the coastal region. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between humidity and particulates (RSPM and SPM) in all the four seasons, but level of correlation was found moderate only during monsoon (r2=0.51 and r2=0.41) in comparison with other three seasons and no significant correlation was found between humidity and SO2, NOx in all the seasons. It is suggested from this study that the influence of humidity is effective on subsiding particulates in the coastal region.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of Groundwater Resources in Nagpur Region (India) Based on WQI

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Rajankar ◽  
S. R. Gulhane ◽  
D. H. Tambekar ◽  
D. S. Ramteke ◽  
S. R. Wate
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Quality Rating

Water quality index (WQI) has been calculated for different groundwater sourcesi.e. dug wells, bore wells and tube wells at Khaperkheda region, Maharashtra (India). Twenty two different sites were selected in post monsoon, winter and summer season. And water quality index was calculated using water quality index calculator given by National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) information system. The calculated WQI showed fair water quality rating in post monsoon season which then changed to medium in summer and winter seasons for dug wells, but the bore wells and hand pumps showed medium water quality rating in all seasons where the quality was slightly differs in summer and winter season than post monsoon season, so the reasons to import water quality change and measures to be taken up in terms of groundwater quality management are required.

scholarly journals Assessment of Trophic Responses of a Reservoir to Seasonal and Annual Variations in Monsoon

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Su-mi Kim ◽  
Hyun-su Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
State Index

The variations in water quality parameters and trophic status of a multipurpose reservoir in response to changing intensity of monsoon rain was investigated by applying a trophic state index deviation (TSID) analysis and an empirical regression model to the data collected in two periods from 2014 to 2017. The reservoir in general maintained mesotrophic conditions, and Carlson’s trophic state index (TSIc) was affected most by TSITP. Nutrient concentrations, particularly phosphorus, did not show strong correlations with precipitation, particularly in the period with weak monsoon, and a significant increase in total phosphorus (TP) was observed in Spring 2015, indicating the possibility of internal phosphorus loading under decreased depth and stability of water body due to a lack of precipitation. TSIChl was higher than TSISD in most data in period 1 when a negligible increase in precipitation was observed in the monsoon season while a significant fraction in period 2 showed the opposite trend. Phytoplankton growth was not limited by nutrient limitation although nutrient ratios (N/P) of most samples were significantly higher than 20, indicating phosphorus-limited condition. TSID and regression analysis indicated that phytoplankton growth was limited by zooplankton grazing in the Spring, and that cell concentrations and community structure in the monsoon and post-monsoon season were controlled by the changing intensity of the monsoon, as evidenced by the positive and negative relationships between community size and cyanobacterial population with the amount of precipitation in the Summer, respectively. The possibility of contribution from internal loading and an increase in cyanobacterial population associated with weak monsoon, in addition to potential for nutrient enrichment in the post-monsoon season, implies a need for the application of more stringent water quality management in the reservoir that can handle all potential scenarios of eutrophication.

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