scholarly journals Characteristics of rainfall pattern for crop planning at Jabalpur region (Madhya Pradesh) of India

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-644
Author(s):  
K.K. AGRAWAL ◽  
P.K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Probability Model ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
Normal Rainfall

The daily rainfall data of past 31 years (1978-2008) of Agro meteorological Observatory, Department of Physics & Agriculture Engineering, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) has been analyzed for establishing the long term average of weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall and its variability. The weekly probability of rainfall was estimated using Markov Chain probability model for receiving >= 10 and 30 mm rainfall per week. The mean annual rainfall observed as 1309 mm and its variability was 27.1 per cent. The highest annual and kharif season rainfall 2083 and 2052 mm respectively were recorded in 1994. On the other hand the lowest annual and kharif rainfall were 620 mm and 471 mm respectively in 1979. The study revealed that the recent decade rainfall has increased during last 31 years. The seasonal average kharif, post monsoon, winter and summer seasons recorded 1197.3 mm, 32.1 mm, 49.8 mm and 29.8 mm of rainfall. About 91.5 per cent of total annual rainfall was received in kharif, 2.5 per cent in post monsoon, 3.8 per cent in winter monsoon and 2.3 per cent in summer. During the period under study 16 per cent of the years recorded excess, 23 per cent deficit and 61 per cent normal rainfall. The July month is regarded as suitable for transplanting of rice crop in Jabalpur region. The highest contribution has been observed in August (33 per cent). Standard week from 25 to 37 received rainfall more than 30 mm indicating the crop growing period from June 2nd week to September last week.

scholarly journals Long term effect of climate change on rainfall in northwest Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Mawada Abdellatif ◽  
Salahalddin Ali ◽  
Sven Knutsson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Continuous Decrease ◽  
Rainfall Trends ◽  
Semi Arid Region

AbstractMiddle East, like North Africa, is considered as arid to semi-arid region. Water shortages in this region, represents an extremely important factor in stability of the region and an integral element in its economic development and prosperity. Iraq was an exception due to presence of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. After the 1970s the situation began to deteriorate due to continuous decrease in discharges of these rivers, are expected to dry by 2040 with the current climate change. In the present paper, long rainfall trends up to the year 2099 were studied in Sinjar area, northwest of Iraq, to give an idea about its future prospects. Two emission scenarios, used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (A2 and B2), were employed to study the long term rainfall trends in northwestern Iraq. All seasons consistently project a drop in daily rainfall for all future periods with the summer season is expected to have more reduction compared to other seasons. Generally the average rainfall trend shows a continuous decrease. The overall average annual rainfall is slightly above 210 mm. In view of these results, prudent water management strategies have to be adopted to overcome or mitigate consequences of future severe water crisis.

Rainfall trends in hindsight and in foresight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theano Iliopoulou ◽  
Demetris Koutsoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Rainfall Trends ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Linear Trends

<p>Trends are customarily identified in rainfall data in the framework of explanatory modelling. Little insight however has been gained by this type of analysis with respect to their performance in foresight. In this work, we examine the out-of-sample predictive performance of linear trends through extensive investigation of 60 of the longest daily rainfall records available worldwide. We devise a systematic methodological framework in which linear trends are compared to simpler mean models, based on their performance in predicting climatic-scale (30-year) annual rainfall indices, i.e. maxima, totals, wet-day average and probability dry, from long-term daily records. Parallel experiments from synthetic timeseries are performed in order to provide theoretical insights to the results and the role of parsimony in predictive modelling is discussed. In line with the empirical findings, it is shown that, prediction-wise, simple is preferable to trendy.</p>

scholarly journals Long term rainfall variability and trend analysis in lower Shivaliks of Punjab, India

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-582
Author(s):  
NAVNEET KAUR ◽  
ABRAR YOUSUF ◽  
M. J. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Normal Rainfall ◽  
Rainy Days

The trend analysis of historical rainfall data on monthly, annual and seasonal basis for three locations in lower Shivaliks of Punjab, viz., Patiala-ki-Rao (1982-2015), Ballowal Saunkhri (1987-2015) and Saleran (1984-2017) has been done in the present study using linear regression model, Mann Kendall test and Sen’s slope. Further, the data for annual and seasonal rainfall and rainy days has also been analyzed on quindecennial basis, i.e., for the period of 1986-2000 and 2001-2015. The analysis of data showed that annual rainfall in the region ranged from 1000 to 1150 mm. The trend analysis of the data shows that the monthly rainfall is decreasing at Patiala-ki-Rao and Saleran, however, the trend was significant for May at Patiala-ki-Rao; and in March and November at Saleran. At Ballowal Saunkhri, the decreasing trend is observed from May to October, however, the trend is significant only in August. The decrease in annual and monsoon rainfall is about 13 to 17 mm and 12 to 13 mm per year respectively at three locations in lower Shivaliks of Punjab. The highest annual (1600-2000 mm) and monsoon (1500-1800 mm) rainfall during the entire study period was recorded in the year 1988 at three locations. The decadal analysis of the data shows below normal rainfall during April to October. The analysis of the rainfall and rainy days on monthly, annual and seasonal averages of 15 year basis showed that both rainfall and rainy days have decreased during the 2001-2015 as compared to 1986-2000 during all the seasons of the year.

scholarly journals Long-term trends of climate change and its impact on crop growing season on Montreal Island

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Erika Bouchard ◽  
Zhiming Qi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Mk Test ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Increasing Trends

Long-term trends in air temperature and precipitation under climate change were analyzed for two meteorological stations on the Island of Montreal: McGill (1872–1986) and Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau (P-E-T, formerly Dorval) Airport (1942–2014). A linear trendline analysis, the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and the two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test were conducted to assess specific climate trends. On a 100-year basis, temperature increased 1.88°C (34%) and 1.18°C (19%) at the McGill and P-E-T Airport sites, respectively, while annual rainfall increased 23.9 mm y−1 (2.3%) and 138.8 mm y−1 (15%) over the same period. The frequency of 50% (every other year) and 95% (every year) annual maximum daily rainfall events showed decreasing trends for the McGill station, but increasing trends for the P-E-T Airport station. Growing degree-days and growing season length are prone to being influenced by climate change and are critical to managing agricultural activities in the Montreal region; both showed increasing trends. At the same time, the onset of the growing season occurred earlier as time progressed.

scholarly journals Rainfall and drought characteristics for crop planning in Palamau region of Jharkhand

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
PRAGYAN KUMARI ◽  
RAJAN KUMAROJHA ◽  
AWADOOD WADOOD ◽  
RAMESH KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Meteorological Droughts

Daily rainfall data of 56 years (1956-2011) of Palamau district of Jharkhand have been considered to analyse the long term average and its temporal variability on weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual basis. The average annual rainfall at Palamau was 1138 mm with 34 per cent coefficient of variation indicating thereby that the rainfall was not much stable over the years. July was the highest rainfall recipient month (332 mm) followed by August (310 mm) during the monsoon period. Trend analysis on rainfall of past 56 years exhibited a decreasing pattern of 8.33 mm and 7.04 mm per year in annual and kharif season rainfall, respectively. Agricultural drought was most frequently observed in early (23-26 SMW) as well as late (37-40 SMW) stages of kharif crops. Meteorological droughts of different intensities, viz., mild, moderate and severe over the observed periods showed that station is prone to mild-moderate type of drought. Short duration, low water requiring but high value crops like maize, pulses, oilseeds and some vegetables can be opted for this region to minimize the production risk.

scholarly journals Trends and periodicities in sub-divisional rainfall

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
S. K. SUBRAMANIAN ◽  
S. V. PALANDE ◽  
B.N. DEWAN ◽  
S. K. DIKSHIT ◽  
LAWRENCE JOSEPH
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Power Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Series ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Normal Rainfall

The monthly and annual rainfall data for 35 meteorological sub-divisions for the 87-year period (1901-1987) have been used to study the trends and periodicities of monsoon and annual rainfall series. A number of distribution-free statistical tests have been applied to the rainfall series for testing non-randomness. Comparison of the decadewise means with the mean of the whole period showed that, for the country as a whole, the annual rainfall indicated four different climatic periods -two periods of above normal rainfall from 1960-1965 and from 1975 onwards and two periods of below normal rainfall from 1901-1915 and 1965-1975 whereas the monsoon rainfall showed two different climatic periods-a period of below normal rainfall from 1901-1920 and a period of above normal rainfall from 1920 onwards. The series were also subjected to low-passfilters which showed the presence of significant long term trend for a few sub-divisions. The power spectrum analysis for the annual and monthly rainfall series for a large number of sub-divisions showed significant periodicities of 2. 1-3.6 years, which correspond to the frequency range of the QBO. In addition, periodicities of 5.1 to 10.0 years and 19.3 years or more were also significant for a number of sub-divisions.  

scholarly journals A 305-year continuous monthly rainfall series for the Island of Ireland (1711–2016)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor Murphy ◽  
Ciaran Broderick ◽  
Timothy P. Burt ◽  
Mary Curley ◽  
Catriona Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Series ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Annual Series ◽  
The North

Abstract. A continuous 305-year (1711–2016) monthly rainfall series is created for the Island of Ireland. Two overlapping data sources are employed: i) a previously unpublished UK Meteorological Office note containing annual rainfall anomalies and corresponding proportional monthly totals based on weather diaries and early observational records for the period 1711–1977 and; ii) a long-term, homogenised monthly rainfall series for the island of Ireland for the period 1850–2016. Using estimates of long-term average precipitation from the homogenised series to merge these sources, the new 305-year record is constructed and insights drawn about notable extremes, climate variability and change. The consistency of the resulting series was evaluated by comparison with independent long-term observations and reconstructions of precipitation, temperature and circulation indices from across the British-Irish Isles. Strong decadal consistency is evident throughout the record amongst all series in spring, summer and autumn. The winter series is probably too dry from the 1740s to the 1780s, but strong consistency with other records strengthens confidence from 1790 onwards. The new Island of Ireland series reveals remarkably wet winters during the 1730s, concurrent with a period of strong westerly airflow, glacial advance throughout Scandinavia and near unprecedented warmth in the Central England Temperature record – all consistent with the strong phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The driest winter decade in the series coincides with the Laki eruption of 1783–1784. Unusually wet summers occurred in the 1750s, consistent with proxy (tree-ring) reconstructions of summer precipitation in the region. In the annual series, the most recent decade (2006–2015) is found to be the wettest in over 300 years. The new series reveals statistically significant (0.05 level) multi-centennial trends in winter (increasing) and summer (decreasing) seasonal precipitation. However, given uncertainties in the early winter record, the former should be treated as tentative. Importantly, we show that the years 1940 to present – the period with the most widely available digitised records – is unrepresentative of long-term changes in all seasons. Although there are recognized uncertainties in the early record, the derived series offers valuable insights for understanding multi-decadal and centennial rainfall variability in Ireland, and provides a firm basis for benchmarking other long-term records and future reconstructions.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Goats in and around Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusum Lata ◽  
G. Das ◽  
Nitesh Kumbhakar ◽  
Rupanjali Saiyam
Keyword(s):  
Faecal Sample ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism ◽  
Specific Species

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of goats in and around Jabalpur. During 9 months of study period, out of 1675 faecal sample of goats examined, 1224 (73.07%) were found positive for different gastrointestinal parasites. The maximum prevalence recorded was of Strongyles (61.43%) followed by Coccidia (25.97%), Amphistomes (9.73%), Monieziaexpansa (8.66%), Trichuris spp. (2.03%), Strongyloides spp. (1.79%) and Fasciolagigantica (0.66%). When prevalence was compared in goats maintained at field and farm conditions, significantly higher infection (P>0.01) was observed at farm (85.90%) as compared to field (67.22%) conditions. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism was found higher in adults (73.83%) in comparison to young goats (69.71%). Overall specific species prevalence showed strongyles infection was significantly higher (P>0.01) in adult (64.25%) as compared to young (48.86%) whereas Coccidia and Monieziaexpansa infection was observed significantly high in kids than adult goats. The seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was found significantly higher (P>0.01) in Monsoon (81.20%) and post-monsoon (76.66%) as compared to spring and winter seasons.

scholarly journals Mechanisms Associated with Large Daily Rainfall Events in Northeast Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brant Liebmann ◽  
George N. Kiladis ◽  
Dave Allured ◽  
Carolina S. Vera ◽  
Charles Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Kelvin Wave ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Wave Trains ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Forcing Mechanisms

Abstract The mechanisms resulting in large daily rainfall events in Northeast Brazil are analyzed using data filtering to exclude periods longer than 30 days. Composites of circulation fields that include all independent events do not reveal any obvious forcing mechanisms as multiple patterns contribute to Northeast Brazil precipitation variability. To isolate coherent patterns, subsets of events are selected based on anomalies that precede the Northeast Brazil precipitation events at different locations. The results indicate that at 10°S, 40°W, the area of lowest annual rainfall in Brazil, precipitation occurs mainly in association with trailing midlatitude synoptic wave trains originating in either hemisphere. Closer to the equator at 5°S, 37.5°W, an additional convection precursor is found to the west, with a spatial structure consistent with that of a Kelvin wave. Although these two sites are located within only several hundred kilometers of each other and the midlatitude patterns that induce precipitation appear to be quite similar, the dates on which large precipitation anomalies occur at each location are almost entirely independent, pointing to separate forcing mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Wet and Dry Spells across India during 1951–2007

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nityanand Singh ◽  
Ashwini Ranade
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Northwestern India ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Dry Spells

Abstract Characteristics of wet spells (WSs) and intervening dry spells (DSs) are extremely useful for water-related sectors. The information takes on greater significance in the wake of global climate change and climate-change scenario projections. The features of 40 parameters of the rainfall time distribution as well as their extremes have been studied for two wet and dry spells for 19 subregions across India using gridded daily rainfall available on 1° latitude × 1° longitude spatial resolution for the period 1951–2007. In a low-frequency-mode, intra-annual rainfall variation, WS (DS) is identified as a “continuous period with daily rainfall equal to or greater than (less than) daily mean rainfall (DMR) of climatological monsoon period over the area of interest.” The DMR shows significant spatial variation from 2.6 mm day−1 over the extreme southeast peninsula (ESEP) to 20.2 mm day−1 over the southern-central west coast (SCWC). Climatologically, the number of WSs (DSs) decreases from 11 (10) over the extreme south peninsula to 4 (3) over northwestern India as a result of a decrease in tropical and oceanic influences. The total duration of WSs (DSs) decreases from 101 (173) to 45 (29) days, and the duration of individual WS (DS) from 12 (18) to 7 (11) days following similar spatial patterns. Broadly, the total rainfall of wet and dry spells, and rainfall amount and rainfall intensity of actual and extreme wet and dry spells, are high over orographic regions and low over the peninsula, Indo-Gangetic plains, and northwest dry province. The rainfall due to WSs (DSs) contributes ∼68% (∼17%) to the respective annual total. The start of the first wet spell is earlier (19 March) over ESEP and later (22 June) over northwestern India, and the end of the last wet spell occurs in reverse, that is, earlier (12 September) from northwestern India and later (16 December) from ESEP. In recent years/decades, actual and extreme WSs are slightly shorter and their rainfall intensity higher over a majority of the subregions, whereas actual and extreme DSs are slightly (not significantly) longer and their rainfall intensity weaker. There is a tendency for the first WS to start approximately six days earlier across the country and the last WS to end approximately two days earlier, giving rise to longer duration of rainfall activities by approximately four days. However, a spatially coherent, robust, long-term trend (1951–2007) is not seen in any of the 40 WS/DS parameters examined in the present study.

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