scholarly journals Physiological performance of cagaita seeds (Eugenia dysenterica DC.) Subjected to drying

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lílian Abadia da Silva ◽  
Juliana De Fátima Sales ◽  
Heloísa Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Juliana Montazola Martins ◽  
Valéria Hanny Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Radiographic Image ◽  
Image Analysis Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica ◽  
Rapid Mass

The present study aimed to determine the imbibition curve and evaluate the effects of ‘reducing the water content of cagaita seeds (Eugenia dysenterica DC.), using the radiographic image analysis technique. To this end, three assays were carried out: seed imbibition curve and root protrusion were determined in assay 1. Seeds in silica gel were oven dried for to 72 h and were then analyzed for water content and vigor in assay 2. Seeds were dried up to certain levels of the water content and were evaluated by radiographic imaging analysis in assay 3. A rapid mass gain was observed in the first 60 imbibition hours and the root protrusion reached 94.4% after 192 imbibition hours. Cagaita seeds did not tolerate drying periods longer than 24 h, which corroborates the recalcitrant behavior of the seeds of these species. The analysis of the radiographic image obtained by an X-ray test allowed the establishment of a direct relation between the increased free space area within the seed and the decrease in the seedling emergence. The drying process altered the internal morphology of the seed and such changes directly influenced the development of the seedlings.

scholarly journals Calibration and Uncertainty Estimation for Water Content Measurement in Solids

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Aro ◽  
Mohamed Wajdi Ben Ayoub ◽  
Ivo Leito ◽  
Éric Georgin ◽  
Benoit Savanier
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Uncertainty Estimation ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Content Measurement ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Vapor Analysis ◽  
Secondary Methods

AbstractIn the field of water content measurement, the calibration of coulometric methods (e.g., coulometric Karl Fischer titration or evolved water vapor analysis) is often overlooked. However, as coulometric water content measurement methods are used to calibrate secondary methods, their results must be obtained with the highest degree of confidence. The utility of calibrating such instruments has been recently demonstrated. Both single and multiple point calibration methods have been suggested. This work compares these calibration methods for the evolved water vapor analysis technique. Two uncertainty estimation approaches (Kragten’s spreadsheet and M-CARE software tool) were compared as well, both based on the ISO GUM method.

Chemical, Microstructural, and Rheological Characterizations of Binders to Evaluate Aging and Rejuvenation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2632 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Hennig Osmari ◽  
Francisco Thiago Sacramento Aragão ◽  
Leni Figueiredo Mathias Leite ◽  
Renata Antoun Simão ◽  
Laura Maria Goretti da Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Image Analysis Technique ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Key Variables

This study evaluated the effects of the commercial product, AR 5, and two alternative products, waste cooking oil and castor oil, in the rejuvenation process of two asphalt binders. The analyses were carried out on microscopic and macroscopic scales on virgin, aged, and rejuvenated binders. Tests in a dynamic shear rheometer were performed to characterize rheological properties of the binders. Then, an atomic force microscope was used to identify microstructural changes in the materials. A digital image analysis technique enabled the quantification of key variables such as area fraction and spatial and size distributions of the binder constituents. Finally, the following chemical tests were performed to identify changes in the chemical composition of the binders resulting from the aging and rejuvenation processes: SARA (which measures saturates, asphaltenes, resins, and aromatics), gel permeation chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results obtained from the tests were further compared to identify correlations between the properties evaluated in different scales. The results demonstrated the efficiency and potential of the rejuvenators evaluated in this study. The results also highlighted the importance of the use of advanced techniques to characterize and understand the material aging and rejuvenation processes.

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement and Mortar

1990 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Linton ◽  
P. L. Berneburg ◽  
E. M. Gartner ◽  
A. Bentur
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Fiber Breakage ◽  
Image Analysis Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Reinforcing Fibers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reinforced Cement ◽  
Critical Fiber Length

AbstractAlthough carbon fibers have high tensile strengths and are chemically inert, their application in cementitious composites is limited due to their brittleness. An image analysis technique employed to determine the length distribution of the reinforcing fibers before and after mixing in cement paste and mortar matrices indicates that substantial fiber breakage occurs during mixing. In paste mixtures, the average fiber length after mixing remains above the critical fiber length, but in mortar mixes the average fiber length falls below the critical fiber length resulting in no significant enhancement of composite flexural properties.

A technique in confocal laser microscopy for establishing biofilm coverage and thickness

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Silyn-Roberts ◽  
G. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Optical Sectioning ◽  
Image Analysis Technique ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Biofilm Quantification

This study uses confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine the coverage and thickness of biofilms on rock types commonly used in wetland sewage treatment systems in New Zealand. Samples of scoria, greywacke and slag - with glass used as a comparison - were submerged in subsurface flow wetlands and examined after six weeks. An image analysis technique was used to quantitatively determine the coverage and thickness of each biofilm. The technique consisted of the biofilm quantification of each individual image obtained from the confocal optical sectioning. The results indicated that the biofilm coverage for the substrata types did not exceed 25%. However, there was a marked difference between the biofilm structures grown on the different substrata; that on glass formed thin spindly structures, and slag and scoria showed similar dense patches interspersed with open channel structures that followed the contours of the pocketed rock surface.

scholarly journals Electrical conductivity of the seed soaking solution and soybean seedling emergence

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberval Daiton Vieira ◽  
Angelo Scappa Neto ◽  
Sonia Regina Mudrovitsch de Bittencourt ◽  
Maristela Panobianco
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Soybean Seedling ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Vigor of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds can be evaluated by measuring the electrical conductivity (EC) of the seed soaking solution, which has shown a satisfactory relationship with field seedling emergence, but has not had aproper definition of range yet. This work studies the relationship between EC and soybean seedling emergence both in the field and laboratory conditions, using twenty two seed lots. Seed water content, standard germination and vigor (EC, accelerated aging and cold tests) were evaluated under laboratory conditions using -0.03; -0.20; -0.40 and -0.60 MPa matric potentials, and field seedling emergence was also observed. There was direct relationship between EC and field seedling emergence (FE). Under laboratory conditions, a decreasing relationship was found between EC and FE as water content in the substrate decreased. Relationships between these two parameters were also found when -0.03; -0.20 and -0.40 MPa matric potentials were used. EC tests can be used successfully to evaluate soybean seed vigor and identify lots with higher or lower field emergence potential.

scholarly journals Volumetric shrinkage and shape of Conilon coffee fruit (Coffea Canephora)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Pedro Casanova ◽  
Paulo C Corrêa ◽  
Kattia Solís
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Area And Volume

The effect of varying the water content was evaluated in shrinkage, dimensional characteristics and shape of the fruits of coffee during drying. Fruits were used Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora), clone 83 of clonal variety EMCAPA 8141. The fruit was hand-picked and selected only the two stages, cherry and unripe. Different batches of coffee were dried in an oven with forced ventilation with air temperature of approximately 60 ± 3 °C until different levels of water content. Fruit size was determined by varying the volume and shape was examined by sphericity and roundness. The shrinkage of the fruits was determined by the ratio between the volume at each water content and initial volume. It was determined that the projected area, surface area and volume increase with increasing water content for conilon coffee fruit. The shape of the conilon coffee fruits was influenced during the drying process, promoting the decrease of sphericity and roundness values from the reduction of water content. The shrinkage showed a nonlinear behavior with decreasing reducing the water content of the mass of Conilon coffee fruit. The polynomial model represented satisfactorily phenomenon of unit volumetric shrinkage and mass of coffee fruits depending on the water content.

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