Phenological behaviour of gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L.) and thermal indices as influenced by drip irrigation and fertigation schedules under semi-arid subtropical condition of Punjab

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18, at the Research Farm of Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, to study the phenological behaviour of gobhi sarson (Brassicanapus L.) and thermal indices as influenced by drip irrigation (60, 80 and 100% of cumulative pan-evaporation, CPE) and fertigation schedules (60, 80 and 100 % recommended dose of fertilizers, RDF) in comparison with conventional flood irrigation and manual application of fertilizers i.e. absolute control. The pooled data revealed that Brassica irrigated through drip at 100 % of CPE took maximum number of days to attain 50% flowering, 50% siliqua formation and physiological maturity, followed by 80 and 60% of CPE. Higher fertigation levels also delayed the number of days taken to attain various phenological stages. Maximum seed yield was observed at 100% of CPE with 100% RDF which was statistically at par with 100% of CPE with 80% RDF and 80% of CPE with 80 or 100% RDF, but significantly higher than absolute control. Maximum accumulation of heat units along with heat use efficiency (1.49 kg grains ha-1 °C day hour-1) was also obtained at 100% of CPE with 100% RDF.

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Water use efficiency, biomass production, nitrogen and potassium uptake and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Ratan) Planta grown under surface drip and flood irrigation

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Science ◽

10.3329/jasbs.v38i2.15611 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 207-215

Author(s):

AHMZ Ali ◽

MK Rahman

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Water Use ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Flood Irrigation ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Surface Drip Irrigation

An experiment was conducted in wooden boxes to evaluate water use efficiency, biomass production, nitrogen and potassium uptake and yield of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown under flood irrigation (FI) and surface drip irrigation (SDI). Leaf area, leaf area index, biomass production and yield of tomato plants were significantly (P<0.05) higher in SDI than FI treatment. Biomass production (g/plant) was 53.3 and 42.2 and yield of tomato (kg/plant) was 1.27 and 0.99 in SDI and FI treatments, respectively. Surface drip irrigation increased water use efficiency (Kgm-3) of tomato plants by two fold (37.88) compared to flood irrigation ( 19.88). Significantly (P<0.05) higher concentrations of nitrogen in leaf (3.22%) and stem (2.62 %) were measured for tomato plants grown under SDI than FI (2.63 and 2.19 %). Potassium concentrations on the other hand, showed no significant differences. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i2.15611 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(2): 207-215, December 2012

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Optimized Water and Fertilizer Management of Mature Jujube in Xinjiang Arid Area Using Drip Irrigation

Water ◽

10.3390/w10101467 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1467 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhenhua Wang ◽

Qingyong Bian ◽

Jinzhu Zhang ◽

Bo Zhou

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fertilizer Efficiency ◽

Arid Areas ◽

Fertilizer Management ◽

Flood Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Water Use ◽

Use Efficiency

Studying water–fertilizer coupling effects in a drip irrigation system is critical for sustainable agricultural development in arid areas, such as that of Xinjiang in China, to find out the optimized water and fertilizer management. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted to find out how the combination of three levels of irrigation quotas and three levels of fertilizer amounts would affect the physiological and growth indexes of jujube, as well as ascertain the differences between drip irrigation and flood irrigation. The results showed that the interacted and coupled effects of irrigation and fertilization influenced most of the physiological indicators and growth indexes. On the other hand, the physiological and growth indexes were increased after transferring flood irrigation to drip irrigation, as the maximum chlorophyll content (CC) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) values increased on average by 6.00%, and 11.39% in 2016, and 1.47% and 6.83% in 2017, respectively. Undoubtedly, inappropriate water and fertilizer management had negative impacts on jujube growth and yield. Based on the treatments and results in this paper, low fertilizer and moderate irrigation would be the best choice. The crop yield, irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE), and fertilizer partial productivity (PFP) increased by 6.77%, 29.48%, and 193.62% in 2016, and similar increments were also found in 2017 of 6.17%, 78.72%, and 133.06%, respectively. This indicated that fertilizer efficiency was promoted along with water use, and in turn, the water amounts were adjusted by the amount of fertilizer that was applied. Based on a comprehensive consideration of the physiological and growth indexes, a mathematical model was established, and the optimized irrigation and fertilizer amounts of jujube in northern Xinjiang area were found to be 815 mm and 400 kg ha−1 (with N–P2O5–K2O proportioned at 2–1–1.5). The results that were obtained in this paper would provide theoretical reference to the sustainable development of jujube plantation using drip irrigation in the arid areas.

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Interannual Variations of Evapotranspiration and Water Use Efficiency over an Oasis Cropland in Arid Regions of North-Western China

Water ◽

10.3390/w12051239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1239 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Haibo Wang ◽

Xin Li ◽

Junlei Tan

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Use ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Western China ◽

Flood Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Practice ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

North Western

The efficient use of limited water resources and improving the water use efficiency (WUE) of arid agricultural systems is becoming one of the greatest challenges in agriculture production and global food security because of the shortage of water resources and increasing demand for food in the world. In this study, we attempted to investigate the interannual trends of evapotranspiration and WUE and the responses of biophysical factors and water utilization strategies over a main cropland ecosystem (i.e., seeded maize, Zea mays L.) in arid regions of North-Western China based on continuous eddy-covariance measurements. This paper showed that ecosystem WUE and canopy WUE of the maize ecosystem were 1.90 ± 0.17 g C kg−1 H2O and 2.44 ± 0.21 g C kg−1 H2O over the observation period, respectively, with a clear variation due to a change of irrigation practice. Traditional flood irrigation generally results in over-irrigation, providing more water than actual crop requirements. Unlike flood irrigation, which can infiltrate into deep soil layers, drip irrigation can only influence the shallow soil moisture, which can lead to decreases of soil moisture of approximately 27–32% and 36–42% compared with flood irrigation for shallow and deep layers, respectively. Additionally, drip irrigation decreases evapotranspiration by 13% and transpiration by 11–14%, leading to increases in ecosystem and canopy WUE of 9–14% and 11%, respectively, compared to the traditional irrigation practice. Therefore, the drip irrigation strategy is an effective method to reduce irrigation water use and increase crop WUE in arid regions. Our study provides guidance to water-saving cultivation systems and has implications for sustainable water resources management and agriculture development in water-limited regions.

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Pan evaporation and sensor based approaches of irrigation scheduling for crop water requirement, growth and yield of okra

Journal of Agrometeorology ◽

10.54386/jam.v23i4.142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 389-395

Author(s):

VIKAS SHARMA ◽

P.K. SINGH ◽

S.R. BHAKAR ◽

K.K. YADAV ◽

S.S. LAKHAWAT ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Crop Water Requirement ◽

Pan Evaporation ◽

Crop Water ◽

Use Efficiency

The results of this study revealed that the pan evaporation and sensor based irrigation scheduling along with fertigation scheduling significantly affected the plant height, fruit weight, fruit length, crop water requirement, crop yield and water use efficiency of okra crop. The pan evaporation and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) values significantly vary over different stages of okra crop. The maximum and minimum average daily pan evaporation was recorded 8.4 mm day-1 and 4.5 mm day-1 at mid stage and late stage of okra crop respectively while, the maximum average daily ETc was recorded 7 mm day-1 at mid stage of okra crop. A approach of irrigation scheduling with 100 per cent field capacity, based on soil moisture sensor under automated drip irrigation system along with 100 per cent RDF through fertigation in equal splits at 4 day intervalor 80 % per cent of volume of crop water requirement based on pan evaporation under automated drip irrigation along with 100 per cent RDF through fertigation in equal splits at 2 day interval, can be used for irrigating okra crop with significant water saving, crop yield and water use efficiency under limited availability of daily weather datain climatic condition of Udaipur district of Rajasthan.

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Water-Saving Potential of Subsurface Drip Irrigation For Winter Wheat

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11102978 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2978 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Muhammad Umair ◽

Tabassum Hussain ◽

Hanbing Jiang ◽

Ayesha Ahmad ◽

Jiawei Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Flood Irrigation ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Subsurface Drip ◽

Surface Drip Irrigation

Groundwater plays a major role in agro-hydrological processes in the North China Plain (NCP). The NCP is facing a water deficit, due to a rapid decline in the water table because of the double cropping system. A two crop (maize and wheat) rotation is required to balance the food supply and demand, which leads to an imbalance between evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation. Thus, there has been a decline of about 1.35 m yr−1 of groundwater (Luancheng Agroecosystem Experimental Station (LAES), NCP) during the last 10 years. Lysimeter experiments were conducted under different irrigation treatments (flood, surface drip, and subsurface drip) to account for ET in the selection of a suitable irrigation method. Subsurface drip irrigation reduced ET by 26% compared to flood irrigation, and 15% compared to surface drip irrigation, with significant grain yield and biomass formation due to decreased evaporation losses. Grain yield, yield components, and above ground biomass were similar in subsurface drip and flood irrigation. However, these biomass parameters were lower with surface drip irrigation. Furthermore, subsurface drip irrigation increased the crop water productivity (24.95%) and irrigation water productivity (19.59%) compared to flood irrigation. The subsurface irrigated plants showed an increase in net photosynthesis (~10%), higher intrinsic water use efficiency (~36%), lower transpiration rate (~22%), and saved 80 mm of water compared to flood irrigation. Our findings indicate that subsurface drip irrigation can be adopted in the NCP to increase water use efficiency, optimize grain yield, and minimize water loss in order to address scarcity.

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Adapting Root Distribution and Improving Water Use Efficiency via Drip Irrigation in a Jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) Orchard after Long-Term Flood Irrigation

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11121184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1184

Author(s):

Zhaoyang Li ◽

Rui Zong ◽

Tianyu Wang ◽

Zhenhua Wang ◽

Jinzhu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Use ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Root Distribution ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Flood Irrigation ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Irrigation Levels

Jujube tree yields in dryland saline soils are restricted by water shortages and soil salinity. Converting traditional flood irrigation to drip irrigation would solve water deficit and salt stress. The root distribution reacts primarily to the availability of water and nutrients. However, there is little information about the response of jujube roots to the change from flood irrigation to drip irrigation. In this context, a two–year experiment was carried out to reveal the effects of the change from long–term flood irrigation to drip irrigation on soil water, root distribution, fruit yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of jujube trees. In this study, drip irrigation amounts were designed with three levels, i.e., 880 mm (W1), 660 mm (W2), 440 mm (W3), and the flood irrigation of 1100 mm was designed as the control (CK). The results showed that replacing flood irrigation with drip irrigation significantly altered soil water distribution and increased soil moisture in the topsoil (0–40 cm). In the drip irrigation treatments with high levels, soil water storage in the 0–60 cm soil layer at the flowering and fruit setting, and fruit swelling stages of jujube trees increased significantly compared with the flood irrigation. After two consecutive years of drip irrigation, the treatments with higher irrigation levels increased root length density (RLD) in 0–60 cm soil depth but decreased that in the 60–100 cm depth. In the horizontal direction, higher irrigation levels increased RLD in the distance of 0–50 cm, while reducing RLD in the distance of 50–100 cm. However, the opposite conclusion was obtained in W3 treatment. Additionally, in the second year of drip irrigation, W2 treatment (660 mm) significantly improved yield and WUE, with an increasing of 7.6% for yield and 60.3% for WUE compared to the flood irrigation. In summary, converting flood irrigation to drip irrigation is useful in regulating root distribution and improving WUE, which would be a promising method in jujube cultivation in arid regions.

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Assessment of drip and flood irrigation on biomass production, nutrient content and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.)

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v22i1.46273 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

AHMZ Ali ◽

SU Ahmed ◽

MM Rahman ◽

MK Rahman

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Flood Irrigation ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Irrigation Treatments ◽

Surface Drip Irrigation

An experiment was conducted in wooden boxes to assess flood, surface and sub-surface drip irrigation on biomass production, nutrient content and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.). Four levels of irrigation treatments were applied: (i) SD1 = Drip irrigation pipe was set up on the surface of the soil ; (ii) SSD2 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 5 cm depth; (iii) SSD3 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 7.5 cm depth and (iv) FI = Flood irrigation was practiced without any drip irrigation pipe. Leaf area, leaf area index and biomass production of maize were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SSD3 than SSD2 and FI treatments. Biomass production was 37.2, 41.1, 54.2 and 35.2 g in SD1, SSD2, SSD3 and FI treatments, respectively. Water use efficiency (WUE) was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in surface and sub-surface drip irrigation than flood irrigation. Values for WUEs were 0.248, 0.298, 0.430 and 0.156 kg/m3 in SD1, SSD2, SSD3 and FI treatments, respectively. As a result, all three drip irrigation treatments enhanced water use efficiencies than flood irrigation. Comparing the three drip irrigation treatments, significantly (p < 0.05) higher nitrogen was found both in leaf and stem (3.3 and 3.8%) in sub-surface drip irrigation at 7.5 cm depth than flood irrigation (2.2 and 1.4%). Although, potassium contents in leaf and stem were not significantly different between the treatments, but had a tendency to be higher in drip irrigation treatments. Above all, drip irrigation performed better with higher water use efficiency. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 22(1): 47-54, 2013 (January)

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