scholarly journals Neutralizing TNT Acidic Wastewater With Neem Leaves Powder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Hamid ◽  
Abdelmoneim Massad Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Neutralizing Agent ◽  
Acidic Wastewater

This study conducted to substituting of NaOH used as a neutralizing agent for acidic wastewater generated from manufacturing of TNT in factory of Sudanese Military industries by natural material such as Neem leaves powder. The requirement for pH values of astewater to be disposed over 6. Four weights (5 , 7.5, 10 and 12.5 ) g of dry Neem leaves powder prepared and added to four samples of acidic wastewater with volume of 100 ml for each samples, the pH values of wastewater measured after four periods (1 ,2,3 and 4) hr for each weight added. The results showed the pH values raised from 1.7 to 6.94 and no any residual salts observed. The Neem leaves powder is effective alternatives for sodium hydroxide to neutralizing acidic wastewater at TNT plant.

Equilibrium and Kinetics of the Extraction of Gallium(III) from Sodium Hydroxide Solutions with 7-Dodecenyl-8-quinolinol (Kelex 100)

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Mitrovic ◽  
Slobodan K. Milonjic ◽  
Zoja E. Ilic ◽  
Radomir V. Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Extraction Kinetics ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Equilibrium And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The influence of hydroxide ions concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, at constant sodium concentrations, on the gallium extraction with Kelex 100 was examined in the hydroxide concentration range from 0.02 to 0.5 mol dm-3. The percentage of extracted gallium increases from 51% to 98% within the investigated hydroxide concentration range. The influence of sodium concentrations (from 1 to 6 mol dm-3) on the gallium extraction was also studied at constant pH values. The decrease of extracted gallium is slight for the sodium concentration up to 3 mol dm-3, while for the higher ones it is pronounced. The extraction kinetics was studied using a mixer-type apparatus. The rate expression of the extraction reaction of gallium with Kellex 100, for both lower and higher hydroxide concentrations are ascertained.

Renewable Sugars Hydrolyzed from Banana Pseudo-Stem Using Different Chemical Pretreatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Aisah ◽  
Surip Siti Norasmah ◽  
Ibrahim Wan Asma
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments ◽  
Renewable Sugars

Cellulose and hemicelluloses are the main building block of plant cell wall and are known as a natural polymer that usually used in the industries. Cellulose and hemicelluloses could be used as a feedstock for second generation biofuel production where it is subjected to hydrolysis into sugar after which it can be converted into bioethanol through fermentation process. In this study, the matured banana pseudo-stem is used as the source of hydrolyzing sugar from natural material. The objective of this research is to study the effects of different chemical pretreatments (sodium hydroxide, mixture of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, sulphuric acid, mixture of sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide) and hydrolysis time (1-5 hours) on the sugar yield from banana pseudo-stem. Results showed that, after 3 hours hydrolysis most of the sugars from all chemical pretreatments reduced gradually. Analysis of sugar contents from acid hydrolysis process using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) showed that all the samples contained glucose, xylose, and arabinose where the highest glucose (16.02 mg/L) obtained from fiber treated with mixture of 1.0 M sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, both highest xylose (64.23 mg/L) and arabinose (45.78 mg/L) are obtained from fiber treated with 0.5 M sodium hydroxide.

LABORATORY AND GREENHOUSE STUDIES ON EFFECT OF LIME AND OTHER AMENDMENTS ON WATER-SOLUBLE BORON IN SOIL

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Bishop ◽  
R. L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were used to study the effect of various soil amendments on the water-soluble boron content of a strongly acid soil.In the greenhouse, using ladino clover as the test crop, liming reduced boron availability as measured by soil and plant analysis. Calcium-boron ratios in the clover ranged from approximately 550:1 to 2000:1 and there was a significant correlation between the water-soluble boron in the soil and the boron content of the clover.In the laboratory studies calcium and magnesium carbonates were equally effective in decreasing water-soluble boron in soil. Gypsum was ineffective. Manure or alfalfa hay increased the water-soluble boron content of soil in proportion to the amounts applied. Applications of sodium hydroxide, resulting in a range of soil pH values from 4.82 to 9.72, were accompanied by decreases in water-soluble boron until a pH of approximately 8.0 was reached. Above this point water-soluble boron increased. At comparable pH values of approximately 7.0 or less, sodium hydroxide caused a smaller reduction in water-soluble boron than did either calcium or magnesium carbonate.

Turnips with chemically-treated straw for beef production 2. Effect of turnips on the degradability of straw in the rumen

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. V. Williams ◽  
A. Macdearmid ◽  
G. M. Innes ◽  
A. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTThe nylon bag technique was used to determine the effects of offering to steers an allowance of turnips in a diet based on straw on the degradation of dry matter and acid-detergent fibre of the straw. Rumen-cannulated steers were offered basal diets of (a) sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-treated strawad libitum, (b) NaOH-treated straw plus turnips (50 g dry matter per kg W0·73) offered once daily or (c) turnipsad libitum. Samples of straw, treated with NaOH, anhydrous ammonia (NH3,) or untreated straw were incubated in nylon bags in the rumen along with each of the basal diets. Additionally molasses (66 g dry matter per kg W0·75) was infused into the rumen of the steers offered the NaOH-treated straw. Dry matter and fibre losses of straw from nylon bags were in the order NaOH-treated > NH3,-treated > untreated; there was no interaction (P> 0·05) between method of straw treatment and effect of basal diet on 40-h or 72-h dry matter or fibre degradability. Supplementation of the basal straw diet with either turnips or molasses depressed (P< 0·01) degradability of both dry matter and fibre of the incubated straw at 40 and 72 h, molasses infusion producing a greater depression (P< 0·05) than offering turnips. There was a fall in rumen fluid pH shortly after steers consumed their turnip allowance or molasses was infused into the rumen, minimum pH values were 6·09 ± 0·241 and 5·75 ± 0·205 respectively. The pH of rumen fluid and degradability of dry matter and fibre of barley straw were depressed by the presence of carbohydrates in turnips and molasses. A reduction in the activity of cellulolytic bacteria may have been the cause of the depression in straw degradability.

scholarly journals THE SALT ERROR OF INDICATORS CAUSED BY STANDARD ALKALINE BUFFERS THEMSELVES

1926 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. McBain ◽  
Olive E. Dubois ◽  
Kathleen G. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Maximum Depth ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Alizarin Yellow ◽  
Alkaline Range

1. It is found that with many indicators there is a big discrepancy between the true alkalinities or pH values of solutions of pure sodium hydroxide and of standard alkaline buffers which give the same actual colour. This discrepancy must be ascribed to salt error caused by the buffer itself and exceeds in the most extreme case two whole units of pH; that is, an error of 100 fold in determining alkalinity. In only three cases, namely alizarin yellow G, tropeolin O, and thymol violet, was this error inappreciable. Most of the thirty indicators tested were found for various reasons unsatisfactory in the alkaline range studied. 2. Several indicators show a maximum depth of colour after sufficient indicator has been added, but above a certain concentration further addition of indicator diminishes the colour again.

scholarly journals THE ISOELECTRIC POINT OF GELATIN AT 40°C

1924 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Ph Values

Measurements have been made at 40°C. of the osmotic pressure and viscosity of 1 per cent gelatin solutions containing varying amounts of hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. Each property was found to exhibit a decided minimum near pH 4.7. In the osmotic pressure experiments the pH of the inside solutions was greater than that of the outside solutions at pH values below 4.7, while it was less than that of the outside solutions at values above pH 4.7. These results indicate that gelatin at 40°C. retains its isoelectric point at about pH 4.7.

Production of l-lactic acid by a thermophilic Bacillus mutant using sodium hydroxide as neutralizing agent

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (19) ◽  
pp. 7570-7576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayang Qin ◽  
Xiuwen Wang ◽  
Zhaojuan Zheng ◽  
Cuiqing Ma ◽  
Hongzhi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Thermophilic Bacillus ◽  
Neutralizing Agent

Effect of Chemically Adjusted Meat pH and Drying Air Velocity on some Properties of Dry Sausage

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. TOWNSEND ◽  
C. E. DAVIS ◽  
A. J. MERCURI
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Meat Color ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Cured Meat ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Meat Ph ◽  
Dry Sausage

Effects of chemically adjusted meat pH (lowered by calcium chloride; raised by sodium hydroxide-sodium citrate), and velocity of air during drying on some properties of a dry type sausage were investigated. During the first 2 days of drying, sausages having initial pH values of 5.5 had a more intense cured meat color than those having initial pH values of 5.9 or 6.6. During 21 days of drying. pH 5.5 sausages showed very little change in shape, while sausages with pH values of 5.9 and 6.6 exhibited triangular and twisted triangular cross-sectional shapes. respectively. Sausages having initial pH values of 5.5 and dried with high air velocity had poor internal cured meat color and texture and developed hollow centers, but not in those having pH values of 5.5, 5.9, or 6.6 and dried with low air velocity. Peelability improved during drying.

The Study of Cadmium Wastewater Disposal by Heavy Metal Flocculant Polyhydroximic Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 372-377
Author(s):  
Bi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Ph Values

Polyhydroximic acid (PHA) with the function of heavy metal flocculant was made by compounding polyacrylamide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide, to observe its effects on the cadmium wastewater disposal under different conditions (pH value, different organic complexing agents EDTA, triammonium citrate, glycocoll, humic acids and turbidity). The present study reaches the following results: (1) PHA has good effects on the removal of Cd2+ in wastewater; for the sample wastewater with a concentration of 25 mg•L-1, the removal rate of Cd2+ can reach 94%; (2) The removal rate of Cd2+ rise with the rise of pH values(4-8); (3) EDTA can obviously inhibit PHA’s removal rate of Cd2+; (4) Triammonium citrate can improve PHA’s removing ability of Cd2+. (5) Glycocoll and humic acids can obviously enhance the removing of Cd2+; (6) Turbidity-causing materials can promote the removal of Cd2+ and turbidity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document