The Socio-religious Construction: The Religious Tolerance among Salafi Muslim and Christian in Metro

Salafi Islamic community has been negatively constructed as puritan, extreme, and exclusive group separated itself from the social space. This justification precludes possibility that Salafi groups can synergize with surrounding socio-religious conditions. This article reveals the socio-religious life among Salafi community of Ma’had Ittiba’us Salaf in Purwoasri Village, Metro City to maintain the Islamic Salafi concept and expanding network of its followers. The research methodology is qualitative using observation, interviews, and documentation studies to expose the Salafi movement. This study shows that the presence of Salafi in Purwosari can build good relations with other religious communities, both Muslims and non-Muslims (Chrisrtian). The synergy between Salafi Muslims and Christians in building a strong social construction in maintaining the peace values is facilitated by the FPKM organization. This study concludes that Salafi da’wah is not entirely around the radical activities and leads to violence. Salafis in Metro City use a lot of social networks, technology facilities, and local organizations to preach, be economically, and socially. Keywords: salafi, socio-religious construction, religious relation, tolerance Pandangan masyarakat tentang komunitas Islam Salafi telah terkonstruksi negatif sebagai kelompok puritan, ekstrim, dan ekslusif yang memisahkan dari lingkungan sosial. Justifikasi tersebut menutup kemungkinan Salafi dapat bersinergi dengan keberagaman sosial-keagamaan sekitarnya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap realitas kehidupan sosial-keagamaan komunitas Salafi Ma’had Ittiba’us Salaf di Kelurahan Purwoasri Kota Metro dalam mempertahankan konsep Islam Salafi dan memperluas jaringan pengikutnya. Metodologi penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan data observasi, interview, dan studi dokumentasi untuk menjelaskan gerakan Salafi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Salafi di Purwoasri mampu membangun hubungan baik dengan komunitas kegamaan lainnya, baik Muslim maupun non-Muslim (Kristen). Sinergisitas antara Salafi dan Kristen dalam membangun konstruksi sosial yang kuat dalam menjaga nilai-nilai perdamaian difasilitasi dengan adanya Paguyuban FPKM. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ternyata dakwah Salafi tidak secara keseluruhan terkonsentrasi dengan aktivitas radikal dan mengarah kepada kekerasan. Salafi di Kota Metro banyak menggunakan jaringan sosial, fasilitas teknologi, dan bergabung dalam Paguyuban untuk berdakwah, berekonomi, dan bersosial. Artikel ini masih terbatas pada skala penelitian di kota Metro, sehingga masih sangat mungkin untuk dilengkapi oleh kajian pada tempat lain dengan skala dan pendekatan yang berbeda. Kata Kunci: salafi, konstruksi sosial-kegamaan, relasi keagamaan, toleransi

ANALISIS KONTEN DUKUNGAN MENYUSUI PADA KONDISI PANDEMI COVID-19 MELALUI PLATFORM SOSIAL MEDIA

Mothers who breastfeed their babies need love, attention, support and information in relation to health or breastfeeding, from other sources. An exclusive group who receive their education via social media will improve their breast milk production. However, it is not known whether the social media also contain supports for breastfeeding during COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this research can provide exclusive breastfeeding for optimal child development. There are 91 samples that have been uploaded in the form of photos and videos on Instagram. Facebook and Twitter. The research is designed to use descriptive cross section using non-random, consecutive sampling technique. This research was conducted during the months of December 2020 and January 2021. Data collection method was used to analyse uploaded data on social media. Out of 91 samples found on social media, the research found informative materials in, the benefit of breastfeeding (16,48%), lactation management (15,38%), support in breastfeeding within the community or hospitals (14,29%), world breastfeeding week 2020 (14,29%), breastfeeding and COVID-19 (13,19%), the facts about breastfeeding (10,99%), family support in breastfeeding (9,89%) and special tips in breastfeeding under specific conditions (5,49%). Ibu yang mempunyai bayi dan dalam keadaan harus menyusui membutuhkan kasih sayang, perhatian, dukungan serta informasi yang terkait kesehatan atau tentang menyusui dari orang lain. Terjadi peningkatan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada kelompok yang mendapat edukasi melalui jejaring sosial. Namun belum diketahui konten dukungan menyusui pada kondisi pandemi COVID-19 yang ada di platform sosial media. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Dapat memberikan ASI eksklusif sehingga tumbuh kembang anak yang optimal. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 91 sampel yang berupa unggahan dalam bentuk foto dan video di Instagram, Facebook dan Twitter. Desain penelitian dengan deskriptif cross sectional, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel non-random consecutive sampling dan penelitian ini diadakan secara daring pada bulan Desember 2020 sampai Januari 2021. Cara pengambilan data dengan melihat unggahan dari platform sosial media selanjutnya hasilnya akan diolah. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 91 sampel diketahui bahwa konten yang ditemukan di sosial media yaitu manfaat menyusui/ ASI (16,48%), manajemen laktasi (15,38%), dukungan menyusui di RS/ komunitas (14,29%), menyusui sehatkan bumi/WBW (World Breastfeeding Week) 2020 (14,29%), menyusui dan COVID-19 (13,19%), fakta menyusui (10,99%), dukungan menyusui dari keluarga (9,89%) dan tips menyusui pada kondisi khusus (5,49%).

Willingness to reprimand smoking among pregnant women

Introduction Even though smoking can cause numerous threats to the developing foetus, it is nevertheless the most common addiction in Polish women of reproductive age. Pregnant women feel an intense conflict when someone smokes in their surroundings and little research has been done to assess the relations and support in an exclusive group of pregnant women. Most studies undertake to examine the subject using focus methodology of opposing second-hand smoking or creating tools to reprimand pregnant women more effectively. The aim of our study was to determine the profile of a pregnant woman who is willing to oppose smoking of another pregnant woman. Methods The survey was shared on Polish websites for expecting parents with a request for completion that was addressed at pregnant women, regardless of pregnancy trimester, Study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017. Participants: Complete questionnaires were collected from 11,448 pregnant women. The cross-cutting research was conducted using an original questionnaire. A computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI) was used to reach the respondents. The snowball sampling method was used to collect the questionnaires. The logistic regression model was used to determine the probability. Results Predictors of drawing other pregnant women attention to the fact that smoking is harmful were: mental work (OR1,1136) and study (OR1,363), involvement of the child's father (OR1,377), contact with social campaigns (OR1,150) and knowledge about the consequences of smoking, as well as talking to the midwife about the harmfulness of cigarettes during pregnancy (OR1,655). Conclusions Interpersonal relationships leave scope for public health interventions. It is worth enhancing criticism against smoking by specialists through information and education campaigns. Key messages The conducted research shows that actions aimed at raising awareness of the harmfulness of smoking in pregnancy have a positive effect. Interpersonal relationships leave scope for public health interventions.

Borgring. Uncovering the strategy for a Viking Age ring fortress in Denmark

In 2014, Borgring, near Køge, Denmark, was identified as the fifth geometrical Viking Age ring fortress in Denmark, complementing an exclusive group of monuments including Trelleborg. Excavations and surveys in 2016–18 allow a detailed reconstruction of the site and its history. Borgring is a fortification with the same geometry, construction, and location as other Trelleborg-type fortresses, though exhibiting notable differences. Finds, including beads, ornaments, and iron tools, reflect activities and links to other fortress sites. The dating of Borgring is established with reference to wiggle-matched 14C dates.

Culture Reproduction or Value Conflict? The Morally Fraught Experience of Chinese Christians in Virtual Communities

Based on Robbins' understanding that both Durkhcimian and Weberian approaches could help the study of social morality, this paper explores the dynamics of cultural reproduction and value conflicts in Chinese Christians' communication on the WcChat platform. It evaluates ten religious WeChat groups' norms and activities and categorizes them into four typologies according to their group inclusiveness and interactivity. It collects group chats from the WeChat platform and reveals the forming dynamics of group verbal abuse, and further explores the Chinese Christians' morally fraught experience in the virtual communities, ‘『his research shows that Christian values as an external force encourage Christians to fulfill their gospel mission and seek their group identity. Christians exhibit their discursive power through group norms and group behaviors. Cultural authoritarianism and religious fundamentalism arc the ideological factors that underline the exclusive group behaviors of the Christian virtual comm unities. The contradiction between exclusive and inclusive group cultures reflects the incompatibility between Chinese authoritarian tradition and the call for a more open society. Under the current social structure and cultural environment, particularistic ethics and exclusive practices would still be dominant in Chinese Christian virtual communities for a comparatively long time.

Identifying collateral and synthetic lethal vulnerabilities within the DNA-damage response

Background A pair of genes is defined as synthetically lethal if defects on both cause the death of the cell but a defect in only one of the two is compatible with cell viability. Ideally, if A and B are two synthetic lethal genes, inhibiting B should kill cancer cells with a defect on A, and should have no effects on normal cells. Thus, synthetic lethality can be exploited for highly selective cancer therapies, which need to exploit differences between normal and cancer cells. Results In this paper, we present a new method for predicting synthetic lethal (SL) gene pairs. As neighbouring genes in the genome have highly correlated profiles of copy number variations (CNAs), our method clusters proximal genes with a similar CNA profile, then predicts mutually exclusive group pairs, and finally identifies the SL gene pairs within each group pairs. For mutual-exclusion testing we use a graph-based method which takes into account the mutation frequencies of different subjects and genes. We use two different methods for selecting the pair of SL genes; the first is based on the gene essentiality measured in various conditions by means of the “Gene Activity Ranking Profile” GARP score; the second leverages the annotations of gene to biological pathways. Conclusions This method is unique among current SL prediction approaches, it reduces false-positive SL predictions compared to previous methods, and it allows establishing explicit collateral lethality relationship of gene pairs within mutually exclusive group pairs.

Leguminosae tree species diversity in coastal forests of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

This study investigated the current Leguminosae tree species composition in coastal forests over lithosoil soil or sandy plains in the eastern and central portion of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A comparative study between the Atlantic Forest areas of the Southeast Region of Brazil was conducted to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on floristic differentiation. A total of 34 areas of the Southeast Region was selected from the NeoTropTree platform and the Leguminosae species in these areas were the basis for a similarity analysis. The Jaccard Similarity Index and the UPGMA method were applied for grouping analysis. The relationships between the Leguminosae species composition and the environmental variables were investigated via Cannonical Correspondance Analysis (CCA). The cluster analysis showed that the Leguminosae tree species group of this portion of Rio de Janeiro coastline share floristic affinity with seasonal forests, a result confirmed by CCA. This floristic differentiation is sustained by an exclusive group of Leguminosae species established over lithosoils or sandy plains, and signals that the extent of dry forests in Rio de Janeiro state might be larger than currently stated. The results justify distinct conservation actions in view of the floristic singularities of these areas.

500 days of Thingiverse: a longitudinal study of 30 popular things for 3D printing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the way object data on Thingiverse changes over time, analyzing the relationships among views, downloads, likes, makes, remixes and comments over 500 days. Design/methodology/approach In total, 30 of the most popular things on Thingiverse were tracked between August 26, 2018 and January 7, 2020, with data collected about the different interactions at five intervals. Findings Highlights include: “#3DBenchy” became the first thing to reach one million downloads during this study. The “Xbox One controller mini wheel” achieved the highest documented download rate of 698 downloads per day. The average conversion rate from downloads to makes for all 30 things was one make for every 474 downloads at the start of the study, declining to one make for every 784 downloads by the conclusion. Research limitations/implications With over 1.6 million things on Thingiverse, this study focused on an exclusive group of things that have gained significant attention from makers and does not represent most things on the platform. Practical implications Although often considered a novelty or niche maker community, this research shows that things on Thingiverse are achieving popularity comparable to digital music, video and imagery, and a large ecosystem of things has been growing that has implications for designers, manufacturers, supply chain managers and universal popular culture. Originality/value This is the first study to track the digital behaviors of 3D printable things over time, revealing new knowledge about how people interact with content and the scale of these interactions.

Socio-economic Comparison of Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea: Implications for Doing Business

Both South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore are part of an exclusive group called ‘The Asian Tigers’. They are high-income economies that offer some of the world’s best living conditions and most competitive business environments. In the following paper, the history, socio-economic environment and industry of Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea will be compared and relevant differences highlighted. Through our research, we hope to provide a comprehensive summary for everyone with an interest in conducting business in Asia.