Introduction: IJCAR - Volume 8

Dear readers, I am pleased to introduce the 2021 Issue of IJCAR, the International Journal of Child and Adolescent Resilience, addressing various aspects of youth resilience. We also have a thematic section focused on resilience in Indigenous and multicultural populations. This issue includes five regular articles on different aspects of resilience. First, Lafrenaye-Dugas et al. document the sources of distress of adolescent boy victims of physical violence within their romantic relationships. Then, Martinez and her colleagues examine the effect of disclosure on resilience in adult female victims of childhood sexual abuse. In the following paper, Dr. Medico proposes a theoretical model of trans affirmative approaches for trans and non-binary youth based on Axel Honneth's ethics of recognition model (2000; 2006). Richard et al. investigate the role of perceptions of harm and perceived peer and parental attitudes towards substance use in the association between adverse childhood experiences and substance use in adolescents. Finally, Villate and her colleagues document the subjective experiences of emerging adults who have a parent with a mental disorder and suggest ways to support their resilience in the transition to adulthood. In addition to these regular articles, we also have a commentary on the 5th World Congress on Resilience by Dr. Ionescu and a thematic section focused on resilience in Indigenous and multicultural populations. This section presents five articles on the effects of the Lantern|Awacic sexual violence prevention program training for workers in Indigenous care settings (Attard et al.), the relations between virtues, well-being, and resilience in Indigenous youth in the Peruvian Amazon (Bullock et al.), Child Maltreatment-Related Investigations of Children from Newcomer Households in Canada (Houston et al.), a review of the use of mobile applications to support Indigenous youth well-being (Noronha et al.), and finally, the validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28; Ungar & Liebenberg, 2011) in Nicaraguan youth. I wish to take this opportunity to warmly thank each member of the IJCAR team, namely Dr. Isabelle Daigneault, Dr. Rachel Langevin and Dr. Tara Black, associate editors; Catherine Moreau, managing editor; Manon Robichaud, layout editor; Andréanne Fortin, senior copyeditor; and Ruo Feng, Sereena Pigeon, and Carley Marshall, junior copyeditor. We hope you enjoy your reading! Don’t forget to prepare your manuscripts for the 2022 issue. In addition to regular papers, we will feature a thematic section on research presented at the Child and Youth Trauma Symposium. Submit your manuscripts in English or in French by November 15th, 2021. Please feel free to send the information to colleagues and students who may be interested. Martine Hébert, Editor-in-Chief

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The Potential for Delivering Substance Use Disorder Treatments to Emerging Adults in Child Welfare Settings

Emerging Adults and Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190490782.003.0010 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 219-240

Author(s):

Judy Havlicek ◽

Jordan Braciszewski

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Child Welfare ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Transition To Adulthood ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Foster Youth ◽

Aging Out ◽

Background Information ◽

Positive Health

Foster youth exiting child welfare systems through emancipation or aging out are at elevated risk for substance use disorders. Many may experience challenges to accessing substance use disorder treatment after foster care. This chapter explores the potential for delivering substance use disorder treatments to emerging adults in the context of federal policy, which has expanded over the past three decades to better support the transition that foster youth make to adulthood. First, background information on aging-out foster youth is provided, and what is known about alcohol and substance use disorders and associated treatment is reviewed. The chapter also discusses potential barriers to treatment engagement and offers considerations for developing programs that address population-specific needs. This review of substance use and aging-out foster youth comes at a time when the transition to adulthood is increasingly considered an important developmental period to target interventions aimed at promoting positive health behaviors.

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Life at a Stop Sign: Narrative Plots of the Transition to Adulthood During Unemployment Among South African Graduates

Emerging Adulthood ◽

10.1177/2167696820937879 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 216769682093787

Author(s):

Rinet van Lill ◽

Therese Maria Bakker

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

South African ◽

Transition To Adulthood ◽

Narrative Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Higher Education Access ◽

Education Access ◽

Stop Sign

Compared to older cohorts, emerging adults are more susceptible to unemployment as they enter the labor market. In the context of increasing higher education access, an unstable economic climate is leaving a growing number of South African graduates unemployed. After the exploration that is typically part of higher education, unemployment could influence emerging adult graduates’ ability to make adult commitments. The aim of the current study was to gain both a detailed and a holistic perception of the developmental impact of unemployment during the transition to adulthood. A sample of 12 participants were recruited to partake in individual interviews. A narrative analysis revealed six common plotlines of progression and regression as the participants approached the goals they had set to achieve as adults. The findings illustrate the inability to accomplish adult commitments as a contributing factor in explaining the decrease in subjective well-being associated with unemployment specific to emerging adults.

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The Revised Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-R) and Substance Use Among College Students

Evaluation & the Health Professions ◽

10.1177/0163278716660742 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 401-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jon-Patrick Allem ◽

Steve Sussman ◽

Jennifer B. Unger

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Substance Use ◽

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Transition To Adulthood ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

Future Research ◽

Substance Use Prevention ◽

Identity Exploration

Transition-to-adulthood themes, or thoughts and feelings about emerging adulthood, have been measured by the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) and found to be associated with substance use among emerging adults. It has been suggested, however, that the IDEA is lengthy and may not include the most unique and theoretically relevant constructs of emerging adulthood. The Revised Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-R) was developed as an alternative instrument, but research has yet to determine the relationship between the IDEA-R and substance use among emerging adults (ages 18–25 years). College students completed surveys indicating their identification with transition-to-adulthood themes and substance use. Logistic regression models examined the associations between transition-to-adulthood themes and marijuana use and binge drinking, respectively. Participants who felt emerging adulthood was a time of identity exploration were less likely to report marijuana use, while feelings of experimentation/possibility were positively associated with marijuana use and binge drinking. The IDEA-R may be useful for identifying correlates of substance use among emerging adults. Future research should evaluate the IDEA-R among representative samples of emerging adults to confirm the findings of this study. Health professionals working in substance use prevention may consider targeting the themes of identity exploration and experimentation/possibility in programs intended for emerging adults.

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Learning to Love, Work, and Live Your Best Life: Mentoring in Emerging Adulthood Predicts Later Flourishing and Subjective Well-Being

Emerging Adulthood ◽

10.1177/21676968211012879 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 216769682110128

Author(s):

Jordan Boeder ◽

Veronica Fruiht ◽

Sarah Hwang ◽

Giovanna Blanco ◽

Thomas Chan

Keyword(s):

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Transition To Adulthood ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Panel Study ◽

Later Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Adult Lives

Mentors that guide young people in their transition to adulthood provide support in a variety of domains that set the stage for happier adult lives. While mentoring during emerging adulthood is associated with shorter-term social and professional success—less is known about whether mentoring for career and committed relationships, specifically, are linked to downstream well-being. This study uses nationally representative data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics ( N = 6,197) to examine whether receiving mentoring in emerging adulthood is linked to later flourishing and subjective well-being. Structural Equation Models indicate that people with career mentors in emerging adulthood reported higher levels of flourishing and subjective well-being and those with committed relationship mentors reported more flourishing in later life. Findings suggest that emerging adults who receive career supports may have better chances of experiencing well-being downstream.

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The Importance of Positive Psychological Strengths in Well-Being and Adjustment of Romanian Emerging Adults: A Pattern and Variable-Oriented Approach

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Ferrer-Wreder ◽

Kyle Eichas ◽

Delia Stefenel ◽

Carmen Buzea ◽

Nora Wiium

Keyword(s):

Emerging Adults ◽

Youth Development ◽

Positive Youth Development ◽

Transition To Adulthood ◽

Well Being ◽

Positive Development ◽

Unexpected Finding ◽

Class 1 ◽

Five Cs ◽

Psychological Strengths

Transition to adulthood in countries that have seen recent historical structural changes in society as well as changes in what it means to be an adult represents important contexts for investigations of ways in which positive development and transition to adulthood are experienced. Situated in such context, this cross-sectional study aimed to (1) describe profiles of positive psychological strengths, as measured by the Five Cs of positive youth development (PYD) and (2) document how identified profiles might differ in relation to other aspects of positive and problematic development. Participants were 272 Romanian emerging adults attending university (76% female; aged 19–29 years old, Mage = 21 years old). Latent class analysis was performed to identify patterns of psychological strengths using the Five Cs theory of positive youth development. Pairwise Wald chi square difference tests were then conducted to determine if the identified Five Cs profiles were associated with significant differences in other key outcomes. Findings indicated that, a two-class model emerged as the best fitting model, and in this model, Class 1 was similar to Class 2 on strengths of competence, confidence, and connection. However, the two classes were distinguishable by caring and character, with Class 2, the numerically more common profile (89%), being elevated on character and caring relative to Class 1 (which was a less frequently occurring profile, 11%). This finding highlights the importance of examining the diversity of positive development, even within the same theoretical framework. Further results indicated that the two identified classes showed similarities in problematic behaviors as well as in purpose in life and psychological complaints. Other group difference tests by profile/class indicated that Class 2 was higher in general and social well-being relative to Class 1, with a trend in the same direction for hope. However, an unexpected finding was that Class 2 was also elevated in somatic complaints relative to Class 1. These are important findings not only because of the contribution to the generalizability of the Five Cs theory and measure but also because of the implications of the findings to research, policy, and practice in the Romanian context and beyond.

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An Exploration of Emerging Adulthood, Self-Esteem, Well-Being, and Vocational Rehabilitation Services

Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling ◽

10.1891/0047-2220.50.4.286 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 286-299

Author(s):

Jill Meyer ◽

Vanessa Hinton ◽

Jinhee Park ◽

Lindsay Portela ◽

Christine Fleming ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Vocational Rehabilitation ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Transition To Adulthood ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Rehabilitation Services ◽

Vocational Rehabilitation Services

In recent years there has been a visible shift in societal norms surrounding milestones that were once associated with one's transition to adulthood due to contemporary economic and social changes. Most young adults may experience some degree of adversity, yet experiences of transitioning to adulthood can be more challenging among youth with disabilities due to an impact of disability on development, additional educational and vocational barriers, and societal attitudes toward individuals with disabilities. This manuscript explores the re-conceptualized process of development from adolescence to adulthood, known as “emerging adulthood,” while also exploring resilience, and the delivery of vocational rehabilitation services. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to examine self-esteem and satisfaction with life (i.e., well-being) in emerging adults with and without disabilities, and discuss how vocational rehabilitation services can be administered while improving resiliency for youth and young adults with disabilities. Findings and implications are discussed.

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