Responses of maize genotypes to the first phase of salt stress in relation to their photophysiology, water use efficiency and total soluble phenolics

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. The breeding of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars has substantially relieved the adverse effects of salt stress. Complementing these cultivars with growth-promoting microbes has the potential to stimulate and further enhance their salt tolerance. In this study, two fungal isolates, Th4 and Th6, and one bacterial isolate, C7, were isolated. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these isolates were closely related to Trichoderma yunnanense, Trichoderma afroharzianum, and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. These isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under salt stress (200 mM). The abilities of these isolates to enhance salt tolerance were investigated by seed coatings on salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Salt stress (S), cultivar (C), and microbial treatment (M) significantly affected water use efficiency. The interaction effect of M x S significantly correlated with all photosynthetic parameters investigated. Treatments with Trichoderma isolates enhanced net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and biomass production. Principal component analysis revealed that the influences of microbial isolates on the photosynthetic parameters of the different wheat cultivars differed substantially. This study illustrated that Trichoderma isolates enhance the growth of wheat under salt stress and demonstrated the potential of using these isolates as plant biostimulants.

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Water Use Efficiency of Maize Genotypes of Different Maturity Groups at Seedling and Grain-filling Growth Stages in a Rainforest Location

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2019/v29i530154 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

O. O. Bankole ◽

A. Oluwaranti ◽

F. E. Awosanmi

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Maturity Group ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Maturity Groups

Aims: The objectives of this study were to evaluate maize genotypes of different maturity groups for seedling and grain filling water use efficiency and determine relationship that exist between the water use efficiency traits and yield of different maize maturity groups. Study Design: Sixteen maize genotypes were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design in three replicates for emergence, vegetative, water use efficiency traits at the seedling and grain-filling growth stages and yield. Place and Duration of Study: The sixteen maize genotypes of different maturity groups were evaluated during the early and late cropping seasons of 2016 at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Methodology: Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis among water use efficiency traits and yield for each of the maturity groups. Results: There was no significant difference among the genotypes within each maturity groups for water use efficiency at seedling and grain filling growth stages. The late maturity group of maize used more water at the seedling growth stage than the other maturity groups in the early season of this study while in the late season, the early and extra-early maturity groups used more water than the other maturity groups. Increase in emergence percentage, reduction in speed of germination, and minimal days to complete germination increased water use efficiency at the seedling stage only during the early cropping season. Efficiency of water usage at the seedling growth stage was more among the late and intermediate maturing groups than the extra-early and early maturing groups in the early season while in the late season, the extra-early and early maturing groups used water more efficiently than the late and Intermediate maturing groups Conclusion: Maturity group played a significant role in the expression and manifestation of water use efficiency traits under different environmental conditions.

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Water-use Efficiency of Trifolium alexandrinum Exposed to Salt Stress under Different Environmental Conditions

Flora ◽

10.1016/s0367-2530(17)31411-1 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 175 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erika Winter

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽

Use Efficiency

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Growth, water use efficiency, and sodium and potassium acquisition by tomato cultivars grown under salt stress

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904160009381992 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Ghazi N. Al‐Karaki

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Tomato Cultivars ◽

Sodium And Potassium

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Expression of Arabidopsis Hexokinase in Tobacco Guard Cells Increases Water-Use Efficiency and Confers Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8120613 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 613

Author(s):

Nitsan Lugassi ◽

Brijesh Singh Yadav ◽

Aiman Egbaria ◽

Dalia Wolf ◽

Gilor Kelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Saline Water ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Growth Modulation ◽

Drought And Salt Stress ◽

Use Efficiency

Abiotic stresses such as drought and saline water impose major limitations on plant growth. Modulation of stomatal behavior may help plants cope with such stresses by reducing both water loss and salt uptake. Hexokinase (HXK) is a sugar-phosphorylating enzyme involved in guard cells’ sugar-sensing, mediating stomatal closure and coordinating photosynthesis with transpiration. We generated transgenic tobacco lines expressing the Arabidopsis hexokinase1 (AtHXK1) under the guard cell-specific promoter KST1 and examined those plants using growth room and greenhouse experiments. The expression of AtHXK1 in tobacco guard cells reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration by about 25% with no negative effects on photosynthesis or growth, leading to increased water-use efficiency. In addition, these plants exhibited tolerance to drought and salt stress due to their lower transpiration rate, indicating that improved stomatal function has the potential to improve plant performance under stress conditions.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF PEANUT CROPS TO IRRIGATION WITH BRACKISH WATERS AND APPLICATION OF ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252021v34n320rc ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 682-691

Author(s):

JOSÉ THOMAS MACHADO DE SOUSA ◽

GEOCLEBER GOMES DE SOUSA ◽

ELANE BEZERRA DA SILVA ◽

FRANCISCO BARROSO DA SILVA JUNIOR ◽

THALES VINÍCIUS DE ARAÚJO VIANA

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Leaf Temperature ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Brackish Waters ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Plant Ash

ABSTRACT The use of organo-mineral fertilizer is an alternative measure to mitigate salt stress in semiarid regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological indexes of peanut crops under irrigations with fresh and brackish waters and applications of organo-mineral fertilizers. The experiment was conducted from June to September, 2019, at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), in Redenção, state of Ceará, Brazil, using a completely randomized experimental design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five soil fertilizers (F1= 100% NPK mineral fertilizer at the recommended rate; F2= 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; F3= 100% plant ash; F4= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; and F5= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% plant ash); and two salinity levels (electrical conductivities) of the irrigation water (1.0 and 5.0 dS m-1). Photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll index of the plants were evaluated at 40 and 54 days after sowing (DAS). Plants irrigated with fresh water presented higher stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration, regardless of the fertilizer used. The use of 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer resulted in decreases in salt stress and increases in water use efficiency at 40 DAS, and decreases in leaf temperature and increases in relative chlorophyll content at 54 DAS.

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Production and water use efficiency of peanut under salt stress and soil cover

Revista Ciência Agronômica ◽

10.5935/1806-6690.20210040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Juvenaldo Florentino Canjá ◽

Jonnathan Richeds da Silva Sales ◽

Luciana Luzia Pinho ◽

Naara Iorrana Gomes Sousa ◽

Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Use Efficiency

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Effect on Soil Properties and Maize Growth by Alternate Irrigation with Brackish Water

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.13046 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 485-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mingyi Huang ◽

Zhanyu Zhang ◽

Zhuping Sheng ◽

Chengli Zhu ◽

Yaming Zhai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Water Use ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Brackish Water ◽

High Salinity ◽

Maize Growth ◽

Adverse Impacts ◽

Use Efficiency

Abstract. With growing competition for freshwater by industrialization and urbanization, brackish water irrigation has been increasingly used for agricultural production. One of major concerns is the accumulation of salt and its impacts on soil properties and crop yield. If properly managed, alternate irrigation with brackish and freshwater might alleviate the adverse impacts of salt on soil physicochemical properties and plant growth. To exploit proper alternate irrigation to minimize such impacts, a maize pot experiment was conducted at three stages (seedling, jointing and tasseling, and after tasseling) with three alternate irrigation methods (BFF: brackish-fresh-fresh, FBF: fresh-brackish-fresh, and FFB: fresh-fresh-brackish) and with three salinities (1.69, 4.81, and 7.94 dS m-1), respectively. The results show that compared to freshwater irrigation, alternate irrigation with high-salinity brackish water increased soil electrical conductivity by 4.1% to 207.4% and reduced soil infiltration rate by 19.2% to 51.9%. The adverse impacts were more prominent in FBF and FFB than in BFF due to the higher proportions of brackish water in FBF and FFB. High-salinity brackish water also caused salt stress on maize growth and decreased evapotranspiration, relative water content, intrinsic water use efficiency, and electron transport rate by 6.6% to 30.6%, 2.1% to 10.2%, 7.3% to 17.9%, and 7.2% to 39.6%, respectively, leading to reduced growth and productivity. The salt stress was more pronounced in BFF and FBF than in FFB because maize is more salt-sensitive during the vegetative stage. Overall, brackish water irrigation at the jointing and tasseling stage (FBF) caused the most severe impacts on both soil and maize, so freshwater is advocated at this stage. In BFF, due to sufficient freshwater irrigation at later stages, slightly saline irrigation can be applied at the seedling stage without evident adverse effects. Higher-salinity brackish water was used successfully in the after-tasseling stage (FFB), although salt leaching by off-season rainfall was needed after harvest for sustainable production. Keywords: Crop yield, Saline water, Salt stress, Soil salinity, Water use efficiency.

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