scholarly journals Expression of Arabidopsis Hexokinase in Tobacco Guard Cells Increases Water-Use Efficiency and Confers Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Nitsan Lugassi ◽  
Brijesh Singh Yadav ◽  
Aiman Egbaria ◽  
Dalia Wolf ◽  
Gilor Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth Modulation ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abiotic stresses such as drought and saline water impose major limitations on plant growth. Modulation of stomatal behavior may help plants cope with such stresses by reducing both water loss and salt uptake. Hexokinase (HXK) is a sugar-phosphorylating enzyme involved in guard cells’ sugar-sensing, mediating stomatal closure and coordinating photosynthesis with transpiration. We generated transgenic tobacco lines expressing the Arabidopsis hexokinase1 (AtHXK1) under the guard cell-specific promoter KST1 and examined those plants using growth room and greenhouse experiments. The expression of AtHXK1 in tobacco guard cells reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration by about 25% with no negative effects on photosynthesis or growth, leading to increased water-use efficiency. In addition, these plants exhibited tolerance to drought and salt stress due to their lower transpiration rate, indicating that improved stomatal function has the potential to improve plant performance under stress conditions.

scholarly journals ESTRESSE HÍDRICO E SALINO NA PRODUÇÃO RELATIVA E POTENCIAL DE ÁGUA NA FOLHA DO FEIJOEIRO

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni De Oliveira Garcia ◽  
Sebastião Martins Filho ◽  
Aline Azevedo Nazário ◽  
Willian Bucker Moraes ◽  
Ivo Zution Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Bean Plant ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Espirito Santo

ESTRESSE HÍDRICO E SALINO NA PRODUÇÃO RELATIVA E POTENCIAL DE ÁGUA NA FOLHA DO FEIJOEIRO   Giovanni de Oliveira Garcia 1; Sebastião Martins Filho2; Aline Azevedo Nazário1; Willian Bucker Moraes1; Ivo Zution Gonçalves1; João Carlos Madalão11Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, [email protected] Departamento de Informática, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.  1 RESUMO Com objetivo de avaliar a produção relativa, a eficiência do uso de água na produtividade e o potencial de água na folha do feijoeiro cv. Talismã sob estresse hídrico e salino foi realizado um experimento, em casa de vegetação, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado utilizando cinco níveis de estresse hídrico (sem estresse, estresse curto, moderado, longo e severo), cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (água não salina, água salina com condutividade elétrica de 1,00; 2,00; 3,00 e 4,00 dS m-1), dois tipos de solo com três repetições. Foi realizada uma comparação dos valores do potencial de água na folha no pré-amanhecer, do decréscimo da produtividade, segundo o índice diário de estresse hídrico (WSDI) e a eficiência do uso de água na produtividade, entre os estresses para cada tipo de solo. Pelos resultados o feijoeiro cv. Talismã revelou ser sensível aos estresses hídrico e salino, reduzindo o potencial de água na folha bem como a eficiência de uso de água na produção. A capacidade produtiva da cultura foi mais prejudicada pelo estresse salino, quando cultivado no Latossolo e a metodologia do índice diário de estresse hídrico mostrou-se eficaz para monitorar o comportamento produtivo do feijoeiro sob condições de salinidade e déficit hídrico em ambos os solos estudados. UNITERMOS: Índice diário de estresse hídrico Produtividade, Salinidade da água, Déficit hídrico.  GARCIA, G. O. de; MARTINS FILHO, S.; NAZARIO, A. A; MORAES, W. B.; GONÇALVES, I. Z.; MADALÃO, J. C. WATER DEFICIT AND SALT STRESS IN THE RELATIVE AND POTENTIAL PRODUCTION OF WATER IN BEAN PLANT LEAF  2 ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the relative production, the water use efficiency in the productivity and the potential of water in the bean plant leaf cv. Talisman under water deficit and salt stress an experiment was carried out in greenhouse at the Center of the Federal University of Agricultural Sciences of Espirito Santo. It had a completely randomized design with five treatments, using five water deficit levels (without stress,  short stress, moderate stress, long stress and severe stress), five levels of irrigation water salinity (non saline water, saline water with electric conductivity of 1.00; 2.00; 3.00 and 4.00 dS m-1), two soils with three replications. The following values were compared: water potential in the leaf at pre-dawn, productivity decrease according to the daily index of water deficit (WSDI), and the water use efficiency in the productivity among the stresses for each soil type. The results showed that the bean plant cv. Talisman revealed to be sensitive to the water deficit and salt stress, reducing the water potential in the leaf as well as the water use efficiency in the production. The culture productive capacity was more harmed by the salt stress, when cultivated in Latossol and the methodology of the daily index of water deficit has shown effective to monitor the productive behavior of the bean plant under salinity conditions and water deficit in both studied soils. KEYWORDS: Water stress day index, Production, Salinity water, Water deficit.

scholarly journals SALINE WATER IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON THE CULTIVATION OF COLORED FIBER COTTON

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽  
ADAAN SUDARIO DIAS ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽  
LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES ◽  
ELYSSON MARCKS GONÇALVES ANDRADE
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT In Northeast Brazil, the cultivation of colored fiber cotton has stood out as one of the agricultural activities of expressive importance because its fiber has various applications in the industry and it is a labor-demanding crop. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the growth, water consumption, water use efficiency and production of the colored fiber cotton cv. ‘BRS Rubi’, as a function of saline water irrigation and nitrogen (N) doses. The experiment was conducted in lysimeters, under greenhouse conditions, in eutrophic Regolithic Neosol, with a sandy loam texture, in Campina Grande-PB, Brazil. The plants were irrigated using water with electrical conductivities (ECw) of 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1 and 9.1 dS m-1 and fertilized with N doses (ND) of 65, 100, 135, 170 and 205 mg N kg-1 soil, in a completely randomized block design, with three replicates. Irrigation using water with an ECw above 5.1 dS m-1, hampered growth, water consumption and water use efficiency of ‘BRS Rubi’ cotton. Among the organs, the cotton root system was less affected by the salt stress in comparison to the shoots. N fertilization did not mitigate the deleterious effect of salt stress on cotton growth, water consumption, water use efficiency and production. The interaction between water salinity and N fertilization had positive effects on total weight of seeds and lint, and the highest values were obtained in plants irrigated with water of ECw 7.6 and 7.5 dS m-1 and ND of 65 mg N kg-1 of soil.

Potential yield and water-use efficiency benefits in sorghum from limited maximum transpiration rate

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Sinclair ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer ◽  
Erik J. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Responses

Limitations on maximum transpiration rates, which are commonly observed as midday stomatal closure, have been observed even under well-watered conditions. Such limitations may be caused by restricted hydraulic conductance in the plant or by limited supply of water to the plant from uptake by the roots. This behaviour would have the consequences of limiting photosynthetic rate, increasing transpiration efficiency, and conserving soil water. A key question is whether the conservation of water will be rewarded by sustained growth during seed fill and increased grain yield. This simulation analysis was undertaken to examine consequences on sorghum yield over several years when maximum transpiration rate was imposed in a model. Yields were simulated at four locations in the sorghum-growing area of Australia for 115 seasons at each location. Mean yield was increased slightly (5–7%) by setting maximum transpiration rate at 0.4 mm h–1. However, the yield increase was mainly in the dry, low-yielding years in which growers may be more economically vulnerable. In years with yield less than ∼450 g m–2, the maximum transpiration rate trait resulted in yield increases of 9–13%. At higher yield levels, decreased yields were simulated. The yield responses to restricted maximum transpiration rate were associated with an increase in efficiency of water use. This arose because transpiration was reduced at times of the day when atmospheric demand was greatest. Depending on the risk attitude of growers, incorporation of a maximum transpiration rate trait in sorghum cultivars could be desirable to increase yields in dry years and improve water use efficiency and crop yield stability.

scholarly journals Trichoderma Enhances Net Photosynthesis, Water Use Efficiency, and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Mulu Oljira ◽  
Tabassum Hussain ◽  
Tatoba R. Waghmode ◽  
Huicheng Zhao ◽  
Hongyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. The breeding of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars has substantially relieved the adverse effects of salt stress. Complementing these cultivars with growth-promoting microbes has the potential to stimulate and further enhance their salt tolerance. In this study, two fungal isolates, Th4 and Th6, and one bacterial isolate, C7, were isolated. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these isolates were closely related to Trichoderma yunnanense, Trichoderma afroharzianum, and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. These isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under salt stress (200 mM). The abilities of these isolates to enhance salt tolerance were investigated by seed coatings on salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Salt stress (S), cultivar (C), and microbial treatment (M) significantly affected water use efficiency. The interaction effect of M x S significantly correlated with all photosynthetic parameters investigated. Treatments with Trichoderma isolates enhanced net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and biomass production. Principal component analysis revealed that the influences of microbial isolates on the photosynthetic parameters of the different wheat cultivars differed substantially. This study illustrated that Trichoderma isolates enhance the growth of wheat under salt stress and demonstrated the potential of using these isolates as plant biostimulants.

scholarly journals Cultivation of CNPA G3 sesame irrigated with saline water and fertilized with nitrate-N and ammonium-N

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Adaan S. Dias ◽  
Lauriane A. dos A. Soares ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
José P. Camara Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Delayed Flowering

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water and fertilization with nitrate (NO3--N) and ammonium (NH4+-N) ratios on growth, flowering, water consumption and water use efficiency of the sesame cv. CNPA G3. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks in a 5 x 5 factorial with three replicates, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water - ECw (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and nitrate (NO3--N) and ammonium (NH4+-N) (200/0, 150/50, 100/100, 50/150, 0/200 mg kg-1) ratios. Irrigation with saline water above 0.6 dS m-1 inhibited the growth, delayed flowering and promoted early maturation of capsules of sesame, cv. CNPA G3. The proportion of 0/200 mg kg-1 of NO3--N/NH4+-N promoted the greatest increase relative to stem diameter and height of sesame plants. Water consumption decreases with increasing ECw and was significantly lower in plants fertilized with the proportion of 0/200 of NO3--N/NH4+-N. The interaction between ECw levels and ammonium/nitrate proportions significantly affect water use efficiency, and the highest value was obtained with ECw of 0.6 dS m-1 and fertilization with 150:50 mg kg-1 of NO3--N and NH4+-N.

scholarly journals Water relations of chives in function of salinity and circulation frequency of nutrient solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando J. da Silva Júnior ◽  
José A. Santos Júnior ◽  
Manassés M. da Silva ◽  
Ênio F. de F. e Silva ◽  
Edivan R. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Supply Water

ABSTRACT Hydroponic cultivation using saline waters is an alternative for agricultural production, especially in the cultivation of vegetables. Therefore, the present work was conducted with the objective of evaluating the water consumption, water use efficiency and water content, as well as dry matter partitioning of chives (Allium schoenoprasum), cv. Todo Ano Evergreen – Nebuka exposed to six levels of nutrient solution salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5 and 9.0 dS m-1), applied at two circulation frequencies (twice a day at 8 and 16 h; and three times a day - at 8, 12 and 16 h). The level in the nutrient solution reservoir, which decreased according to the water consumption by plants, was replaced with the respective saline water (Experiment I) and supply water (Experiment II). Both experiments used a completely randomized design, in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with five replicates. It was observed that increased circulation frequency and the use of supply water in the replacement mitigated the effects of salinity on water consumption, water use efficiency and water content in the plant. However, with the increase in nutrient solution electrical conductivity, dry matter allocation in the roots increased, to the detriment of the shoots.

scholarly journals Saline Water Impact on Water Use Efficiency of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L) Using Drip Irrigation

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kamran Baksh Soomro ◽  
M. M. Shaikh ◽  
Sanyogita Andriyas ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water shortage is a real problem in many parts of the world and finding alternative solutions such as the application of saline water in cropping systems is highly appreciated. Research on drip irrigation and soil salinity is still inadequate, and their effect on crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) is a huge challenge for small farmers. The present study was conducted in Malir, a semiarid region in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The purpose was to estimate the effects of two different qualities of irrigation water including fresh quality water (IT1 0.56 dS m−1) and saline groundwater (IT2 2.89 dS m−1) on WUE using drip irrigation technology in 2018–19. The experimental design was complete randomized block design (RCBD) with two treatments of irrigation: (1) freshwater (IT1) with 0.56 dS m−1 electrical conductivity and (2) saline water (IT2) with 2.89 dS m−1 electrical conductivity. The average biomass and crop yield under IT1 were 10.2 t.ha−1 and 7.4 t.ha−1, respectively, and were found higher than those under IT2 (7.3 t−1 and 4.2 t.ha−1, respectively). Hence, both the treatments remained equally effective in season 1 as compared to season 2 ( p ≤ 0.05 ). The WUE of bitter melon under IT1 was 1.60 and 1.56 kg.m−3 in seasons 1 and 2, respectively, and was higher than those under IT2 which were observed 1.21 and 1.07 kg.m−3 in seasons 1 and 2, respectively.

scholarly journals Potassium Starvation Increases Stomatal Conductance in Olive Trees

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio Arquero ◽  
Diego Barranco ◽  
Manuel Benlloch
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Potassium Starvation ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Olive Trees

The effects of potassium (K) status and water availability in the growth medium on growth, water content, water-use efficiency and stomatal conductance was studied in mist-rooted `Chemlali de Sfax' olive (Olea europaea L.) cuttings grown in a perlite substrate. Potassium starvation produced dehydration of all parts of the plant, reduced shoot growth and water-use efficiency. By contrast, K starvation enhanced stomatal conductance in well-irrigated plants and, even more, in water-stressed plants. These results suggest that moderate K deficiency in olives may impair the plant's ability to regulate stomatal closure; this may account for the dehydration observed in K-starved plants, particularly in situations of water stress. This result is of great importance for agricultural practices of this crop, because K status, which may not be considered deficient, can cause disorders in olive trees.

scholarly journals Impact of Kaolin Particle Film and Water Deficit on Wine Grape Water Use Efficiency and Plant Water Relations

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1178-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michael Glenn ◽  
Nicola Cooley ◽  
Rob Walker ◽  
Peter Clingeleffer ◽  
Krista Shellie
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Film Treatment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Water use efficiency (WUE) and response of grape vines (Vitis vinifera L. cvs. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Merlot’, and ‘Viognier’) to a particle film treatment (PFT) under varying levels of applied water were evaluated in Victoria, Australia, and southwestern Idaho. Vines that received the least amount of water had the warmest canopy or leaf surface temperature and the lowest (more negative) leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (gS), transpiration (E), and photosynthesis (A). Vines with plus-PFT had cooler leaf and canopy temperature than non-PFT vines; however, temperature difference resulting from irrigation was greater than that resulting from PFT. In well-watered vines, particle film application increased leaf water potential and lowered gS. Point-in-time measurements of WUE (A/E) and gS did not consistently correspond with seasonal estimates of WUE based on carbon isotope discrimination of leaf or shoot tissue. The response of vines with particle film to undergo stomatal closure and increase leaf water potential conserved water and enhanced WUE under non-limiting soil moisture conditions and the magnitude of response differed according to cultivar.

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