Efficacy of Raw Milk Preservation by Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) Aqueous Extracts

Abstract Background Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca Walker, is a major insect pest of Milicia excelsa (Iroko) seedling hampering its propagation in West Africa. Milicia excelsa is an indigenous forest timber tree in the tropical rain forest of West Africa with a very high value in international trade due to its wood quality. Sustainable management of P. fusca infestations on Iroko seedlings have not been achieved due to their cryptic nature and multivoltine generations. This study evaluated the residual and contact effects of crude ethanol and aqueous extracts of four plants (Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas, Piper guineense, and Aframomum melegueta) on adult P. fusca in the laboratory and field. Results All the extracts had residual effects and contact effects on adult insects in the laboratory at 75% and 100% concentrations of applications. Azadirachta indica, P. guineense, and A. melegueta gave 80–100% adult mortality at both concentrations in the laboratory; their efficacies were comparable to cypermethrin. The ethanol extracts of P. guineense and A. indica were more effective than other extracts in protecting the seedlings against Phytolyma infestations in the field. They significantly (p < 0.01) reduced infestation compared to other extracts and control. Ethanol extracts of the tested plant materials were more effective than their aqueous extracts both in the laboratory and field. Conclusion The results proved that P. guineense and A. indica extracts were very potent and promising in protecting Milicia excelsa seedlings against Phytolyma fusca infestations and they can be used in the early management of Phytolyma infestations in the field.

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Efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) and Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum) Leaf Extracts Against Early Blight of Tomato

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s40011-014-0340-9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 327-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Dheeba ◽

R. Niranjana ◽

P. Sampathkumar ◽

K. Kannan ◽

M. Kannan

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Early Blight ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Leaf Extracts

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Effect of Supplementation of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Powder on Diabetic Symptoms, Anthropometric Parameters and Blood Pressure of Non Insulin Dependent Male Diabetics

Studies on Ethno-Medicine ◽

10.31901/24566772.2009/03.01.02 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Anita Kochhar

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Leaf Powder ◽

Insulin Dependent

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COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF TULSI (OCIMUM SANCTUM) AND NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) METHANOL EXTRACT

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28756 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 514

Author(s):

Vipul Kumar ◽

Anurag Chakraborty ◽

Manpreet Kaur ◽

Sony Pandey ◽

Manoj Kumar Jena

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Neem Extract ◽

E Coli ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Objective: This study was focused on to compare the antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extracts of tulsi and neem.Methods: We have chosen tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) to compare their antimicrobial activity toward Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Phytochemical extracts have been made by the use of methanol as solvent and dried leaf powder by the cold maceration extraction process. Phytochemical analysis for some secondary metabolites has been done using standard protocols. Nutrient agar plates were inoculated with the above-mentioned microorganisms by spreading bacterial inoculum on the surface of the media. Wells (6 mm in diameter) were punched in the agar. The phytochemical extracts of neem and tulsi were allowed to diffuse into the medium, and after incubation of 24 h at 37°C, the zones of inhibition were observed.Results: Statistical analysis showed that tulsi was more effective toward S. aureus while neem was more effective toward E. coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tulsi for both the microorganisms was 0.4 g/ml, and the MIC of neem for both the microorganisms was 0.2 g/ml. When both the tulsi and neem extract were mixed with each other for every concentration at equal volume, they have shown better effects in comparison to individual neem or tulsi extract and also the MIC got reduced to 0.2 g/ml for both the bacteria.Conclusions: Leaf extracts of both the A. indica and O. sanctum have shown antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. A. indica has higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, whereas the O. sanctum was found to be more effective against E. coli (indicated by the zone of inhibition). When both the extracts were mixed with each other, they have shown a better effect toward both bacteria.

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Antimicrobial Activity and HPLC Fingerprinting of CrudeOcimumExtracts

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2011/428019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1430-1437 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. S. Deo ◽

F. Inam ◽

R. P. Mahashabde

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Strong Antimicrobial Activity

The antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic and aqueous extracts ofOcimum sanctumandOcimum kilimandsacharicumagainst gram positive, gram negative and antifungal activity was evaluated to find the zone of inhibition and to set a HPLC profile or fingerprint of these extracts. The crude methanolic extract ofOcimum sanctumshowed strong antimicrobial activity againstS.aureusandC. albicansand moderate activity againstE. coliandB. subtilis. The crude methanolic extract ofOcimum kilimandsacharicumshowed strong antimicrobial activity againstS. aureus, E. coliandC. albicansat higher concentration, same as that shown by the standard forC. albicans. It showed moderate activity againstB. subtilis. The crude aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum showed strong antimicrobial activity againstS.aureusand moderate against others. Whereas the crude aqueous extracts ofOcimum kilimandsacharicumshowed moderate activity against the gram positive and gram negative organisms and strong activity againstC. albicansat higher concentration, same as that shown by the standard forC. albicans.

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