scholarly journals Direct Object Double Marking in Celtic and South Slavic Languages: Preliminary Remarks

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Elena Parina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Object ◽  
The South ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Celtic Languages ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Middle Irish

The phenomenon of pronominal reprise has been extensively studied in French and Spanish, languages of the Balkan Sprachbund and in Modern Welsh. In some of those languages this feature has been claimed to be specific for oral speech (for French see [Lambrecht 1981], Bulgarian [Lopashov 1978: 28], Welsh [Rowlands 1981: 424ff.]). In our paper we shall analyze how the South Slavic languages (Bulgarian and Macedonian) and the Celtic languages (Middle and Modern Welsh, and Middle Irish) vary as regards constructions they allow, the frequency of these constructions and their semantics. In this abstract we concentrate on Middle Welsh comparing it to Bulgarian. The pronominal reprise (i.e. the co-occurence within the same clause boundary of both a full NP/pronominal and a clitic replica [Dimitrova-Vulchanova 83]) in Bulgarian is obligatory only in a small numbers of contexts, and has often a semantics of contrast or emphasis: Мене ме мама не дава ‘Mother does not give me’ [de Bray 1951: 206]. This situation reminds us about the use of affixed pronouns in Welsh: Pwy bynnac a ’m metrei i yuelly… (PKM 87.2-3) ‘Whoever should smite me when so…’ T. Arwyn Watkins wrote that the difference in the usage of affixed pronouns strikingly reflects the gap between spoken and literary Welsh [Watkins 1977-8: 349]. Prof. Pr. MacCana noticed that this discrepancy might go back to Middle Welsh and noted a tendency for a more frequent usage of affixed pronouns in PKM dialogs in [MacCana 1975-6: 323]. Having analysed all the examples of affixed pronoun usage in PKM we could now refine this statement. Affixed pronouns are more frequently used in 1-2 persons also with possessive pronouns and personal endings of the inflected prepositions. It should be noted that this tendency is true also for MIr. notae augentes, but not for the Modern Welsh affixed pronouns.

The network of reflexive dative constructions in South Slavic

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-83
Author(s):  
Liljana Mitkovska
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
The South ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Inheritance Properties

Abstract This paper analyses a number of constructions with a reflexive marker on the verb and a dative argument, using the framework of Construction Grammar. In these constructions the predication is ascribed in various modes to the experiencer argument. We focus on these constructions in the South Slavic languages in which they have a wide distribution, Macedonian, Bulgarian and Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS). The following basic types are identified: Emotional processes and states, Accidental, Perception/Cognition and Stative Reflexive-Dative Construction (SRDC). The specific clusters of features in each one are due to the inheritance properties from a reflexive construction, indicating a valence reduction, in combination with the features of affectedness and lack of control, characteristic of a dative argument. This results in varied but multiply linked patterns that create a complex network of constructions. The study aims at defining the relations between these constructions and in particular at determining the place of SRDC in this network.

scholarly journals Slavic anthroponyms in the judicial decisions of Demetrios Chomatenos

2006 ◽  
pp. 483-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Dzelebdzic
Keyword(s):  
Family Relations ◽  
The South ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Family Names ◽  
The Family ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
South Slavs

The present paper deals with personal names mentioned by Demetrios Chomatenos which can with some certainty be identified as Slavic in origin. For the greater part, these are well-known Slavic names, often of Common Slavic origin, also attested in other Slavic languages. A couple of uncommon names is also attested, such as Svinjilo and Svinja (Sb?niloz, Sbina). Among the names of non-Slavic origin, it is the Saints' names that are most commonly found, but some others are attested as well, like Kuman, Sarakin or Kandid all of them well known among the South Slavs. The Slavonic ethnicity of the carriers of these names can as a rule be established by tracing their family relations. In the course of the 11th and 12th centuries, family names became quite common and stable in Byzantium, at least with aristocratic families. As first noted by Jacques Lefort, some paroikoi on the territories belonging to the monasteries of the Holy Mountain had family names, too, but these tended to appear sporadically and to disappear after some time. Demetrios Chomatenos' judicial decisions show that at that period family names were carried by the majority of the inhabitants of Byzantine Macedonia, Epirus and other regions (including women, sometimes even monks), not only the members of the elite. However, the Slavic population of these regions still often stuck to the ancient custom of naming a person only with a personal name sometimes supplemented by a patronymic. This notwithstanding, more than twenty persons did have, apart from their Slavic name, another one, usually of Christian origin. Although the data do not always allow for an unequivocal identification of the functions of each of these names, it can be safely assumed that they are not instances of double personal names, but rather that the name of Christian origin functions as a personal name, the Slavic one as a family name. This is quite certain for the family of Svinjilos from Berroia (Ponem. Diaph. 81) and very probable for the family of Ljutovojs (Litobonz) from Skoplje (59). People with double names are usually persons of some importance, members of local aristocracy, imperial clerks or high representatives of the clergy, which is indicated by the fact that their names are often preceded by epithets like megaliphaestatoz, pansebastoz sebastoz, kyr or by administrative titles like arch?n. Family names are usually not grammatically different from personal names, mostly because it was common to simply take a personal name of an ancestor as the family name without further modifications, just like in Byzantine families. Chomatianos' judicial decisions yield only two derived family names, both formed from a Slavic stem with the Greek suffix -poyloz (Bogdanopoyloz, Serbopoyloz). Family names among the Slavs are attested at the same period in Dalmatian towns, whereas they are virtually unknown in the areas predominantly inhabited by Serbs, as evident from the Chrysobulls of Decani and other Serbian medieval documents.

scholarly journals THE DIFFERENCE OF E.COLI CONTENT IN THE CHICKEN MEAT IN THE SOUTH KEPUTRAN TRADITIONAL MARKET AND SUPERMARKET ' X ' OF SURABAYA CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Athalla Permana ◽  
R. Bambang W
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Meat Samples

Hygiene and sanitation practices in chicken influenced Eschericia coli bacterial contamination in food. A Study conducted by Sasmita and Juwita mentioned that there was positively E.coli content in chicken meat in supermarket. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the difference of E.Coli content in chicken meat and personal hygiene of food handler. It was an observational study with cross sectional approach. The population of this study included traditional market sellers and supermarkets. The sample of this study consisted of 14 samples of chicken meat in which 7 samples came from the South Keputran traditional market and other 7 samples came from Supermarket ‘X’. Moreover, 7 traditional market sellers and 2 supermarkets were involved to be examined. Variables of the study were E.coli content in chicken meat from Traditional Market of South Keputran and Supermarket ‘X’ and personal hygiene. Samples of chicken meat was done by accidental sampling. Data were collected through interview and observation, whereas the difference of E-Coli content was analyzed using statistical test. The results of this study indicated that one of chicken meat samples positively contained E.Coli bacteria, and no significant differences of the E.coli content were found on the chicken meat samples from both the Traditional Market of South Keputran and Supermarket ‘X’. The suggestion that can be given to Supermarket ‘X’ seller is to control and pay close attention to the sanitation process from suppliers to retails

scholarly journals Syllabic Consonants in Slavic and Celtic Languages: The Mechanism of Element Extension

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Anna Bloch-Rozmej ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Celtic Languages ◽  
Government Phonology ◽  
Specific Proposal

This paper addresses the problem of the syllabic consonants in the selected Slavic and Celtic languages. We shall consider this issue through the optic of Government Phonology (henceforth GP), as defined e.g. in Harris 1994, Cyran 2003 and Gussmann 2007. Within the framework of GP, the phonological structure of morphemes is constructed in terms of the licensing and governing relations between adjacent skeletal positions – the timing slots. The prosodic positions are then projected onto the syllabic constituents of nuclei (the heads of rhymes) and onsets. In such configurations, onsets are always dependent on their nuclear licensers. A specific proposal advocated in this presentation is that onset-nucleus domains are not only licensing domains but they also constitute the so-called extension domains. It will be further maintained that the phenomenon of the syllabic consonants can be analyzed in terms of segment extension occurring within such onset-nucleus extension domains. It will be demonstrated that this solution effectively accounts for the relevant linguistic facts attested to in Polish, Czech, Slovak or Serbo-Croatian. In our analysis, the distinction between the syllabic and trapped consonants will be adopted which, as will be proposed, derives from different lexical structures of either type. Apart from the available dictionary entries, we shall rely on the data provided by Scheer (2003), Dalewska-Greń (2002) and Rubach (1997). The evidence concerning the behavior of the syllabic consonants in the Slavic languages will also be compared to the Irish situation. It will be proposed that the observable differences are contingent on both structural representations and different parameter settings in the languages under discussion.

scholarly journals Finiteness in South Slavic Complement Clauses

Linguistica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-137
Author(s):  
Susanne Wurmbrand ◽  
Iva Kovač ◽  
Magdalena Lohninger ◽  
Caroline Pajančič ◽  
Neda Todorović
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
The South ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complement Clauses

This paper shows that the distribution of (non‑)finiteness in the South Slavic languages reflects an implicational scale along an independently attested semantic complementation hierarchy (e.g., Givón 1980). We suggest that in the South Slavic languages, finiteness is triggered by clausal agreement features associated with different syntactic heads. Building on a complexity approach to the complementation hierarchy, we propose that cross-linguistic variation in finiteness and variation across different types of complements are the result of language-specific differences in the distribution of agreement features. More broadly, we conclude that there is no (universal) semantic correlate of (non‑)finiteness and, contra cartographic approaches, that finiteness is not confined to a particular domain in the clause. Following Adger (2007), we argue that finiteness can be distributed over all clausal domains.

scholarly journals THE LINGUISTIC NATURE OF ONOMATOPOEIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Marina A. Droga ◽  
◽  
Nataliya V. Yurchenko ◽  
Svetlana V. Funikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Writing Chinese

The problem of onomatopoeias as a special lexical group has existed in the language for many decades. Onomatopoeias imitate the sounds of nature, the language of animals, objects of the surrounding world. In the text, onomatopoeia can perform various functions: emotional influence, imitation, as well as the function of language economy. But one of its main functions remains sound imaging. In Russia and China, different language pictures, specific cultural elements and linguistic features are noted. All this confirms the large-scale differences in the sound imitations of both languages, and in various aspects: in the composition of the components, in the functional role, in the meanings. Despite the fact that the differences in the phonetic system of Russian and Chinese are quite large, the onomatopoeias and their functions in the languages under consideration have the same features. Onomatopes are an expression of the same emotions, feelings, sounds both in oral speech and in writing. Chinese onomatopes are a graphic copy that attributes us to the actual sounding. This fact makes onomatopoeias in Chinese similar to onomatopes in Russian. The connection of sound and meaning is especially important: linguists study the nature of this connection from different points of view. It is also important to note the difference between sound imitations and similar interjections. Onomatopes are not only part of the system of the Russian and Chinese languages, but are also a progressive link that develops the resources of the language, its word-forming capabilities, as well as the expressive sphere of expression.

The Structural Source of Split Ergativity and Ergative Case in Georgian

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Nash
Keyword(s):  
Direct Object ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Dependent Case ◽  
Functional Head ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Split Ergativity

On the basis of the study of split ergativity in Georgian, this chapter defends a simple principle according to which the difference between a nominative and an ergative behaviour of the same language, and possibly across languages, consists in the capacity of the transitive subject to be theta-licensed, and by consequence case-licensed, in a position outside vP only in the nominative type. An outcome of this difference is that the transitive subject in ergative languages is licensed in vP, which is also the minimal domain containing the direct object. As both arguments of the transitive verb stay in vP, they are case-licensed by the same c-commanding functional head, according to the mechanism of Dependent Case (DC) assignment as originally proposed by Marantz (1991). The reason why one functional head marks two arguments in a language is due to the functional impoverishment between T and vP.

Networks from Below

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Cotton Industry ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Ethnic Network ◽  
Lehman Brothers ◽  
The Difference

The fifth chapter analyzes the bottom tier of an ethnic network that brought credit from global financiers to the merchants and farmers of the Gulf South, exploring how the Southern firms with which Lehman Brothers worked dispersed this global investment throughout local economies. In some instances, Lehman Brothers’ customers sold directly to rural farmers and plantation owners, providing them with the credit necessary to purchase farming needs, foodstuffs, and personal goods. But in other instances, firms with which Lehman Brothers worked extended credit to smaller shopkeepers, who could then stock their own shelves at the start of the season, sell goods to their customers on credit, and, if all went well, be repaid by their customers after the harvest. For these smaller businesses, this line of credit was the difference between success and failure, particularly when the vicissitudes of the economy necessitated leniency from creditors. While this leniency was risky for lenders, trust-based economic networks mitigated risk. In this way, Jewish merchants created an ethnic niche in the cotton industry, securing global investment, funneling it to the South, and dispersing it throughout local economies.

How HY-2A/GM altimeter performs in marine gravity derivation: assessment in the South China Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 1056-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Zhu ◽  
Jinyun Guo ◽  
Cheinway Hwang ◽  
Jinyao Gao ◽  
Jiajia Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Gravity Anomalies ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Marine Gravity ◽  
Sea Surface Heights ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARY HY-2A is China's first satellite altimeter mission, launched in Aug. 2011. Its geodetic mission (GM) started from 2016 March 30 till present, collecting sea surface heights for about five 168-d cycles. To test how the HY-2A altimeter performs in marine gravity derivation, we use the least-squares collocation method to determine marine gravity anomalies on 1′ × 1′ grids around the South China Sea (covering 0°–30°N, 105°E–125°E) from the HY-2A/GM-measured geoid gradients. We assess the qualities of the HY-2A/GM-derived gravity over different depths and areas using the bias and tilt-adjusted ship-borne gravity anomalies from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and the Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) of P. R. China. The RMS difference between the HY-2A/GM-derived and the NCEI ship-borne gravity is 5.91 mGal, and is 5.33 mGal when replacing the HY-2A value from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) V23.1 value. The RMS difference between the HY-2A/GM-derived and the MNR ship-borne gravity is 2.90 mGal, and is 2.76 mGal when replacing the HY-2A value from the SIO V23.1 value. The RMS difference between the HY-2A and SIO V23.1 value is 3.57 mGal in open sea areas at least 20 km far away from the coast. In general, the difference between the HY-2A/GM-derived gravity and ship-borne gravity decreases with decreasing gravity field roughness and increasing depth. HY-2A results in the lowest gravity accuracy in areas with islands or reefs. Our assessment result suggests that HY-2A can compete with other Ku-band altimeter missions in marine gravity derivation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document