Material properties of existing unreinforced clay brick masonry buildings in New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Almesfer ◽  
Dmytro Y. Dizhur ◽  
Ronald Lumantarna ◽  
Jason M. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Masonry Material ◽  
Assessment Guidelines

The material properties of New Zealand’s heritage clay brick unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings were investigated and are reported herein. Material data was collected from a total of 98 New Zealand clay brick URM buildings and a database was compiled that was comprised of various masonry material properties. The intention behind the reporting of information and data presented herein was to provide indicative values to the professional engineering community to aid as preliminary input when undertaking detailed building assessments for cases where in-situ testing and brick and mortar sample extraction are not feasible. The data presented is also used to support the relationships for URM material properties that have been recommended by the authors for incorporation into the next version of the NZSEE seismic assessment guidelines for URM buildings. Although researchers from Europe, USA, India and Australia have previously studied the material properties of clay brick unreinforced masonry, knowledge on New Zealand URM material properties was poor at the time the study commenced. Therefore, a research programme was undertaken that was focused on both in-situ testing and laboratory testing of samples extracted from existing New Zealand clay brick URM buildings.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete and Approach to Modelling of Bearing Capacity Ground Slab

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldrich Sucharda ◽  
Vlastimil Bilek ◽  
Martina Smirakova ◽  
Jan Kubosek ◽  
Radim Cajka
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Steel Fibre ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Degree Of Reinforcement

The use of steel fibre-reinforced concrete is becoming gradually widespread in the engineering design of buildings. Typical cases include concrete foundations or floors. The actual design approach is often different. The proposal significantly encompasses the knowledge and range of the material properties of steel fibre-reinforced concrete. This article presents a comprehensive research programme, which has been focused on extensive laboratory testing, in situ testing and advanced numerical modelling using computing models and nonlinear models of concrete. It aims at a comprehensive description of the material properties of concrete, according to the degree of reinforcement, using 8 types of laboratory tests for description. In total, over 74 specified laboratory tests and four slab tests in situ are carried out. Selected evaluated material properties are also provided for the regression curve according to the degree of reinforcement, 0 to 3%. Subsequently, the detailed description of steel fibre is used in advanced modelling of tests of concrete slabs in situ. Numerical models simulate the behaviour of the steel fibre-reinforced concrete base structure in the interaction with the subsoil, where the objective was to verify the total carrying capacity of the slab structure.

Automatic Milking Systems: an option to address the labour shortage on New Zealand dairy farms?

2002 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
J.G. Jago ◽  
M.W. Woolford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Labour Shortage ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems

There is a growing shortage of labour within the dairy industry. To address this the industry needs to attract more people and/or reduce the labour requirements on dairy farms. Current milk harvesting techniques contribute to both the labour requirements and the current labour shortage within the industry as the process is labour-intensive and necessitates long and unsociable working hours. Automated milking systems (AMS) have been in operation, albeit on a small scale, on commercial farms in Europe for a decade and may have the potential to address labour issues within the New Zealand dairy industry. A research programme has been established (The Greenfield Project) which aims to determine the feasibility of automated milking under New Zealand dairying conditions. A Fullwoods MERLIN AMS has been installed on a protoype farmlet and is successfully milking a small herd of 41 cows. Progress from the prototype Greenfields system offers considerable potential for implementing AMS in extensive grazing systems. Keywords: automated milking systems, dairy cattle, grazing, labour

scholarly journals Time-Response-Histogram-Based Feature of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise for Material Characterization Considering Influences of Grain and Grain Boundary under In Situ Tensile Test

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2350
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Guiyun Tian ◽  
Bin Gao ◽  
Kun Zeng ◽  
Yongbing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
Time Response ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

Stress is the crucial factor of ferromagnetic material failure origin. However, the nondestructive test methods to analyze the ferromagnetic material properties’ inhomogeneity on the microscopic scale with stress have not been obtained so far. In this study, magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) signals on different silicon steel sheet locations under in situ tensile tests were detected by a high-spatial-resolution magnetic probe. The domain-wall (DW) motion, grain, and grain boundary were detected using a magneto-optical Kerr (MOKE) image. The time characteristic of DW motion and MBN signals on different locations was varied during elastic deformation. Therefore, a time-response histogram is proposed in this work to show different DW motions inside the grain and around the grain boundary under low tensile stress. In order to separate the variation of magnetic properties affected by the grain and grain boundary under low tensile stress corresponding to MBN excitation, time-division was carried out to extract the root-mean-square (RMS), mean, and peak in the optimized time interval. The time-response histogram of MBN evaluated the silicon steel sheet’s inhomogeneous material properties, and provided a theoretical and experimental reference for ferromagnetic material properties under stress.

A fossilFuchsia(Onagraceae) flower and an anther mass with in situ pollen from the early Miocene of New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 2052-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne E. Lee ◽  
John G. Conran ◽  
Jennifer M. Bannister ◽  
Uwe Kaulfuss ◽  
Dallas C. Mildenhall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Early Miocene

In Situ Lateral Load Testing of a Two-Story Solid Clay Brick Masonry Building

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 04018058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Aldemir ◽  
Baris Binici ◽  
Erdem Canbay ◽  
Ahmet Yakut
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Load ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Clay Brick

scholarly journals Identifying Spatial and Temporal Variations in Concrete Bridges with Ground Penetrating Radar Attributes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1846
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Isabel M. Morris ◽  
Santiago A. Lopez ◽  
Branko Glisic
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Over Time

Estimating variations in material properties over space and time is essential for the purposes of structural health monitoring (SHM), mandated inspection, and insurance of civil infrastructure. Properties such as compressive strength evolve over time and are reflective of the overall condition of the aging infrastructure. Concrete structures pose an additional challenge due to the inherent spatial variability of material properties over large length scales. In recent years, nondestructive approaches such as rebound hammer and ultrasonic velocity have been used to determine the in situ material properties of concrete with a focus on the compressive strength. However, these methods require personnel expertise, careful data collection, and high investment. This paper presents a novel approach using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to estimate the variability of in situ material properties over time and space for assessment of concrete bridges. The results show that attributes (or features) of the GPR data such as raw average amplitudes can be used to identify differences in compressive strength across the deck of a concrete bridge. Attributes such as instantaneous amplitudes and intensity of reflected waves are useful in predicting the material properties such as compressive strength, porosity, and density. For compressive strength, one alternative approach of the Maturity Index (MI) was used to estimate the present values and compare with GPR estimated values. The results show that GPR attributes could be successfully used for identifying spatial and temporal variation of concrete properties. Finally, discussions are presented regarding their suitability and limitations for field applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document