Acts Under the Bulgarian Law on Administrative Offences and Sanctions Falling Within the Scope of Direct Administrative Justice After the 2020 Amendments to the Law

De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Chakarova-Dimitrova ◽  

The paper analyses the acts under the Bulgarian Law on Administrative Offences and Sanctions (LAOS) which fall within the scope of direct administrative justice after the amendments to the law passed in late 2020. It defines the scope of application of the ordinary and special legislative procedures of control based on the acts that may be subject to revision. In the end, the paper lists the acts under LAOS which cannot be disputed separately.

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Kunda

<span>Issues arising in the context of determining the law governing competition law breaches are numerous and complex. The situation is no different following the harmonisation of the national rules as a result of the recently adopted Directive on damages for infringements of the competition law provisions. This paper is aimed at scrutinising various such issues, in particular it deals with interpretation of the concepts found in Article 6(3) of the Rome II Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations and the related aspects of interaction between EU and national competition laws. From the scope of application ratione materiae of the mentioned conflict-of-law provision and defining the “market” as an essential component of the connecting factor lex mercati, to the functioning of the general provisions aimed at protecting public interests, the author presents the opposing views expressed in legal theory and points out the principles which should be taken into account in the course of the analysis. Additional emphasis is put on the thorny questions which originate from erroneous translation of the EU legislation into the Croatian language.&nbsp;</span>


1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Reichert-Facilides

Over the last 30 years, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties1 has emerged as one of the most influential instruments of modern international law. The Convention, which was adopted at the UN Conference on the Law of Treaties on 23 May 1969, entered into force on 27 January 1980 and has meanwhile been ratified by more than 80 States.2 Yet, as it does not operate retroactively,3 the scope of application is growing only slowly and its practical importance stems, rather, from the fact that the Convention is widely considered a restatement of customary international law. As early as 1971 the International Court of Justice referred to the articles governing termination for breach of treaty as a codification of the existing law on the subject.4 Since then both international tribunals and national courts have more and more habitually relied on the material provisions of the Convention to ascertain traditional rules of the law of treaties.5


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
Fellista Ersyta Aji

The Administrative Court and Law No. 5 of 1986 on State Administrative Justice have been provided facilities for the public to sue the government and ask to cancel the decision made by the government. Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration has been stipulated that Government Administration Act more or less supersedes the provisions contained in the Law of the State administrative justice. Especially in this Law which attracts attention is the expansion of object disputes state Administration. The object of the state Administration dispute in this Act is different from its elements to the Law of the State administrative justice. One of these is a written stipulation that includes factual action. There is no explanation for the meaning of factual acts in this Administrative Administration Act. Therefore, further research is needed in this regard. This study aims to find out and understand the meaning of factual actions in Article 87 letter (a) of Law Number 30 of 2014. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of research Normative Juridical. Data collection techniques are Library study is to collect data conducted by reading, quoting, recording and understanding various literature that have to do with research material. The object of the state Administration disputed in Law Number 5 of 1986 and its amendment has expanded on Law Number 30 Year 2014 on Government Administration. When the object of the dispute expands, it will affect the decision taken by the legal practitioner in this case is the state Administration judge.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-248
Author(s):  
Sourabh Gupta

Abstract The South China Sea Arbitration is only the fourth case since the entry into force of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to touch on the issue of historic rights – in this case, traditional fishing rights. Traditional or artisanal fishing rights are acquired rights. This article reviews the basis and characteristics of a historic rights claim and compares it with the origin and properties of an entitlement-based fishing rights claim, which the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea mainstreamed into the body of international maritime law. And in light of this comparison, the article evaluates the Tribunal’s Award on the geographic scope of application of historic or traditional fishing rights in the exclusive maritime zones of a coastal State.


Der Staat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-272
Author(s):  
Torben Ellerbrok

In der Rechtsprechung zum Verfassungsrecht wird mitunter der Gedanke fruchtbar gemacht, dass Normen des Grundgesetzes nicht umgangen werden dürften. Während aber im zivilrechtlichen Diskurs Bestand und methodische Verortung eines Umgehungsverbots seit Langem diskutiert werden, wurde einem „Verbot der Verfassungsumgehung“ bisher nicht näher nachgegangen. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, dass zwar ein hoher Abstraktionsgrad zahlreicher verfassungsrechtlicher Normen einer Umgehungsmöglichkeit entgegensteht und die Spezifika der Verfassungsauslegung zu berücksichtigen sind, auch das Grundgesetz aber rigide, umgehungsanfällige Normen enthält. Dort kann ein Umgehungsverbot ins Werk gesetzt werden, indem der Anwendungsbereich einer Norm über ihren Wortsinn hinaus ausgedehnt wird. Diese teleologische Verfassungsextension, eine Form richterlicher Rechtsfortbildung, ist nach hier vertretener Ansicht vorzunehmen, wenn Wortsinn und Ziel einer Verfassungsnorm divergieren, ein hoheitliches Handeln nicht dem Wortsinn, aber dem Ziel einer Norm zuwiderläuft und schließlich eine Eingriffsschwelle überschritten ist. Diese liegt bei der Verfassungsfortbildung aus näher aufgezeigten Gründen besonders hoch. Relevant werden kann hier insbesondere eine Umgehungsabsicht. Jurisprudence on constitutional law sometimes makes use of the idea that the norms of the Basic Law may not be circumvented. However, while scholarship on private law has long debated whether a prohibition of circumvention exists and how to place it methodologically, a “prohibition of constitutional circumvention” has not yet been examined in detail. As this article demonstrates, the fact that many constitutional norms are very abstract prevents circumvention, and the specifics of constitutional interpretation must be taken into account. Nevertheless, the Basic Law also contains rigid norms that are susceptible to circumvention. In this case, a prohibition of circumvention can be put into effect by extending a norm’s scope of application beyond its literal meaning. This teleological extension of the constitution, a form of judicial development of the law, must be carried out if the literal meaning and the purpose of a constitutional norm diverge, if a sovereign act runs counter not to the literal meaning but to the objective of a norm, and finally, if a threshold of interference is exceeded. This threshold is particularly high in the case of the further development of the constitution for reasons explained in greater detail. In particular, an intention to circumvent can become relevant here.


De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Chakarova-Dimitrova ◽  
◽  
◽  

The research subject of this paper is the legal framework of an agreement according to the Law for the administrative offences and sanctions. In its first part the author defines the scope of application of the LAOS agreement. The second part of this paper focuses on the specific features of this institution regarding administrative penalties. The author poses essential questions and motivates some proposals for legislative changes.


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