scholarly journals Can radiotherapy be a viable salvage treatment option for the relapsed seminoma confined to the infra-diaphragm region recurring after primary chemotherapy for bulky stage II seminoma?

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Choo ◽  
Fernando Quevedo ◽  
Christopher S. Choo ◽  
Michael Blute
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Salvage Treatment ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Primary Chemotherapy ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Recurrent Tumour

There has been a paucity of research describing a potential roleof radiotherapy as salvage treatment for recurrent seminoma followingprimary chemotherapy for bulky stage IIC seminoma. Wereport a case of a bulky stage IIC seminoma relapsed in the pelvisafter primary chemotherapy and surgery for post-chemotherapyresidual mass, which was subsequently salvaged with radiotherapy.The patient has remained free of relapse at 3.7 years post-salvageradiotherapy. This case demonstrates that radiotherapy can be asalvage therapeutic option for recurrent seminoma following primarychemotherapy for bulky stage IIC seminoma, provided thatthe recurrent tumour is confined to a limited area of the infradiaphragmaticregion. There is a need for further study to examinethe potential role of radiotherapy as a salvage therapeutic tool forpost-chemotherapy recurrent seminoma.

Radiotherapy after Prostatectomy

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Sanguineti ◽  
Paola Franzone ◽  
Laura Culp ◽  
Michela Marcenaro ◽  
Salvina Barra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Salvage Treatment ◽  
Salvage Radiotherapy ◽  
Risk Of Failure

Aims and background The role of radiotherapy after prostatectomy is controversial. This paper tries to give some guidelines for everyday practice through an analysis of literature data. Methods The potential role of radiotherapy in the adjuvant and salvage setting is discussed. We also report and interpret available literature data for both settings. Results As regards an increase in or detectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy, about 40–50% of patients are rendered bNED with local salvage radiotherapy, but only 10–50% are long-term (5 years) biochemically controlled. A timely salvage treatment is crucial to optimize control probability. As regards adjuvant radiotherapy for undetectable postoperative PSA in patients at high risk of failure as judged on pathology, results are more encouraging. Recent data report bNED rates ≥70% at 5 years. Conclusions Although results are far from satisfactory, salvage radiotherapy should be considered for every patient with an increased or detectable PSA after surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy seems preferable to salvage radiotherapy for patients at high (>30%) risk of failure.

scholarly journals Tryptophan Metabolism: A Link Between the Gut Microbiota and Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Gao ◽  
Chun-long Mu ◽  
Aitak Farzi ◽  
Wei-yun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolism ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

ABSTRACT The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bilateral communication network between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system. The essential amino acid tryptophan contributes to the normal growth and health of both animals and humans and, importantly, exerts modulatory functions at multiple levels of the GBA. Tryptophan is the sole precursor of serotonin, which is a key monoamine neurotransmitter participating in the modulation of central neurotransmission and enteric physiological function. In addition, tryptophan can be metabolized into kynurenine, tryptamine, and indole, thereby modulating neuroendocrine and intestinal immune responses. The gut microbial influence on tryptophan metabolism emerges as an important driving force in modulating tryptophan metabolism. Here, we focus on the potential role of tryptophan metabolism in the modulation of brain function by the gut microbiota. We start by outlining existing knowledge on tryptophan metabolism, including serotonin synthesis and degradation pathways of the host, and summarize recent advances in demonstrating the influence of the gut microbiota on tryptophan metabolism. The latest evidence revealing those mechanisms by which the gut microbiota modulates tryptophan metabolism, with subsequent effects on brain function, is reviewed. Finally, the potential modulation of intestinal tryptophan metabolism as a therapeutic option for brain and GI functional disorders is also discussed.

Children's Speech Revisions for a Familiar and an Unfamiliar Adult

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tomasello ◽  
Michael Jeffrey Farrar ◽  
Jennifer Dines
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Adult Listener ◽  
Conversational Cues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
Communicative Abilities

Initial characterizations of the communicative abilities of preschoolers stressed their egocentric nature. Recently, however, even 2-year-olds have been observed to adjust their speech appropriately in situations in which the listener provides feedback by signaling noncomprehension. The current study had an adult signal noncomprehension to the requests of 2-year-old Stage I and Stage II children. Each child interacted with a familiar (mother) and an unfamiliar adult. The children repeated their requests about one third of the time and revised them about two thirds of the time. Stage I children elaborated their requests significantly more often than Stage II children. The familiarity of the adult listener had no effect on the way Stage II children revised their requests, but the Stage I children's revisions contained novel lexical items more often when they were interacting with the unfamiliar adult. Both of these findings may have resulted from the fact that the more conversationally skilled Stage II children relied on verbal-conversational cues, which were the same for both adult interactants in this situation. The Stage I children may have been less aware of these conversational cues, relying on general social cues such as familiarity of the interactant. The results are discussed in terms of the potential role of different types of adults in the language acquisition process.

scholarly journals The role of miRNAs in COVID-19 disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
Mona Fani ◽  
Milad Zandi ◽  
Saeedeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Saber Soltani ◽  
Samaneh Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Cellular Mirnas ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
In Cells

Nowadays, the SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is recognized as the primary cause of mortality in humans. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through human-to-human contact and is asymptomatic in most patients. In addition to approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection, miRNAs may also be promising options against this new virus. miRNAs are small and noncoding RNAs 18–25 nucleotides in length that target the mRNAs to degrade them or obstruct their translation miRNAs act as an observer in cells. This study reviewed the literature on the potential role of cellular miRNAs in the SARS-CoV-2-host interplay as a therapeutic option in COVID-19 patients.

Electroclinical Improvement in a Patient with Ring Chromosome 20 Syndrome Treated with Zonisamide: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Parravicini ◽  
Ludovica Pasca ◽  
Martina Paola Zanaboni ◽  
Costanza Varesio ◽  
Elisa Rognone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Ring Chromosome ◽  
Dopamine Depletion ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Chromosomal Disorder ◽  
Chromosome 20 ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

AbstractRing chromosome 20 or r(20) syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder, mainly characterized by childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy with typical electroencephalographic findings, followed by mild to severe cognitive-behavioral decline. Recent studies support a possible role of the dopaminergic system in the epileptogenesis of this syndrome. We report the case of a 13-year-old female with mosaic r(20) who showed typical disease onset and evolution and a remarkable electroclinical improvement with zonisamide. Epilepsy related to r(20) is often medically intractable. When valproate and lamotrigine are not effective, zonisamide could be further investigated as a therapeutic option, since it acts as antifocal and it has a potential role in the prevention of dopamine depletion.

scholarly journals Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants and Drug-Food Interactions: Implications for Clinical Practice and Potential Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sánchez-Fuentes ◽  
José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca ◽  
Raquel López-Gálvez ◽  
Francisco Marín ◽  
Vanessa Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonist ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Profile ◽  
Potential Interactions

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are a therapeutic option to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). In fact, NOACs have become the recommended choice by international clinical practice guidelines over vitamin K antagonists (VKA), because of their efficacy and safety profile, especially in newly initiated patients. The more predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of this family of drugs allows preventing anticoagulation drug monitoring. Furthermore, NOACs have significantly fewer drug and food interactions in comparison with VKAs. Despite this, there are no studies that compare the effects on the quality of anticoagulation of NOACs with the intake of potential interactions drugs of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 (CYP). This review brings an overview of NOACs pharmacokinetics profile and their potential drug-food interactions. We also briefly discuss the potential role of prebiotics and probiotics in patients under therapy with NOACs.

scholarly journals Use of medical ozone in fail back surgery syndrome: a systematic review.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Jose Baeza-Noci ◽  
Rosa Maria Pinto-Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Spinal Diseases ◽  
Antiinflammatory Action ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Back Surgery ◽  
Medical Ozone

The safety and efficacy of ozone injections in the spine for lumbar disc herniation has been proved in two systematic reviews with one metaanalysis. Many other papers with lower evidence level were published before encouraging its use for this pathology and other degenerative spinal diseases. Fail back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a terrible situation with no clear treatment option presently. Some authors have dared to use ozone injections in these patients, based on its antiinflammatory action and its highly save portfolio. Due to the great disability and dramatic situation of FBSS patients, a systematic review is mandatory in order to clarify the potential role of ozone in this pathology.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in Silent and Functioning Corticotroph Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
Araceli García-Martínez ◽  
Antonio C. Fuentes-Fayos ◽  
Carmen Fajardo ◽  
Cristina Lamas ◽  
Rosa Cámara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

The potential role of miRNAs in the silencing mechanisms of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) has not been addressed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression levels and the potential associated role of some miRNAs, pathways, and transcription factors in the silencing mechanisms of corticotroph tumors (CTs). Accordingly, the expression of miR-375, miR-383, miR-488, miR-200a and miR-103; of PKA, MAP3K8, MEK, MAPK3, NGFIB, NURR1, PITX1, and STAT3 were analyzed via qRT-PCR in 23 silent and 24 functioning CTs. miR-200a and miR-103 showed significantly higher expression in silent than in functioning CTs, even after eliminating the bias of tumor size, therefore enabling the differentiation between the two variants. Additionally, miR-383 correlated negatively with TBX19 in silent CTs, a transcription factor related with the processing of POMC that can participate in the silencing mechanisms of CTs. Finally, the gene expression levels of miR-488, miR-200a, and miR-103 were significantly higher in macroadenomas (functioning and silent) than in microadenomas. The evidence from this study indicates that miRNAs could be involved in the pathophysiology of CTs. The translational implications of these findings suggest that pharmacological treatments specifically targeting these miRNAs could become a promising therapeutic option for these patients.

Follow-Up of Pathological Stage I and IIA Supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's Disease Primarily Treated with Radiotherapy

1982 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Banfi ◽  
Marcello Zanini ◽  
Roberto Zucali ◽  
Sante Basso Ricci ◽  
Angelo Lattuada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Salvage Treatment ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Ia ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Mediastinal Involvement

One hundred and fifty-five consecutive previously untreated adult patients with supradiaphragmatic pathologic stage IA (71) and IIA (84) Hodgkin's disease treated only with radiotherapy (RT) at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milano from 1970 to 1978 were reviewed. Staging procedures included lymphangiography and laparotomy in all cases. Most patients were irradiated with a conventional cobalt machine. Mantle fields were adopted for 36.8% of cases, mainly at stage I, whereas 63.2% received mantle plus paraaortal irradiation. Doses were above 40 Gy for involved sites and 35–40 Gy for prophylactically irradiated nodes. Minimum and median follow-up were 30 months and 6 years, respectively. All patients achieved complete remission at the end of RT. As of June 1981, 89 of 155 patients (57.5%) were alive and free from progression, 60.6% at stage I, and 54.8% at stage II. Relapses occurred in 54 of 155 cases (35%) after a median free interval of 21 months. Marginal recurrences accounted for 5.8%, true recurrences for 9%, nodal extensions for 8.4%, and extranodal extensions for 11.6%. Males older than 40 years and mediastinal involvement were correlated with higher relapse rates. Salvage treatment consisted of RT alone in 8 patients and chemotherapy plus or minus RT in 44, whereas 2 patients died before a new treatment could start. As of June 1981, 38 of 54 relapsed patients (70.4%) were alive and disease free, whereas 2 were alive with evidence of disease. Actuarial overall survival at 6 years was 90.3% for all cases, 97.1% for stage I, and 84.8% for stage II. Treatment toxicity was analyzed, and problems concerning surgical staging procedures, optimal RT and role of chemotherapy as primary or salvage treatment were discussed.

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