Hunting of Game Fowl by the Russian Population of the Tarsky Irtysh Region in the 17th-19th Centuries: written and archaeological sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Larisa Tataurova ◽  
◽  
Aleksey Nekrasov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Written Sources

Bird hunting as a type of economic activity of the Russian population in the 17th—18th centuries is analyzed on the basis of archeozoological collections and complexes from the cultural layers of rural sites. The composition and ratio of different types of commercial birds, methods of passive and active hunting are determined. The results obtained are compared with written sources of the 19 th century and archaeological materials from other regions. As part of the inventory of archaeological sites, in addition to the bow and arrowheads, a set of clay balls of different sizes and weights was identified, which were used as projectiles for slingshot in hunting flocking birds.

scholarly journals Zhangjipo site excavations’ history (1955-1992)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
Maria Vladimirovna Efimenko
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Political ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Zhou ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Written Sources

The article examines the question of the need to study the history of excavations at archaeological sites of ancient China, in particular at the largest burial ground of the Western Zhou era (1027-771 BC) - Zhangjiapo. Archaeological materials are the closest in time source for the history of the period. They not only confirm and supplement the reports of written sources on the political and social history of the era, but also provide new materials for the analysis of the economy and everyday life of the general population, which is not the object of description in written sources. In the first part, the author reveals the features of the source base of the era and points out a number of restrictions in conducting archaeological excavations and the further publication of their results. Then she proceeds to a brief description of the Zhangjiapo monument and reveals the stages in the history of its excavations, which allows us to answer the question about the reasons for the fragmentary excavations of the monument.

scholarly journals 3D Modeling of Dwellings from Russian Archaeological Sites in Siberia: Reliability of Approximation

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Tataurova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Life Support ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Irtysh River ◽  
The Irtysh River

Purpose. The dwelling, as one of the basic elements of the life-support system, more and more often is becoming a focus of researchers’ interest when they excavate archaeological sites where Russian population lived during the New Age in Siberia. On the basis of materials obtained from the excavations, various types of reconstruction are carried out, including 3D models. Written and ethnographic sources are used to create such models as comparative materials. Results. The sources studied give information about the area of the buildings, but indicators of the possible height of these constructions in the 17th – 18th centuries remain hypothetical. Our material is based on representative ethnographic information and archaeological materials on the dwellings of Russian population in the Irtysh River area near Tara, Mangazeya and Sayan ostrog. We used published written sources that contained information about probable height characteristics of dwellings during the 17th – 18th centuries, made our calculations and created 3D models of dwellings, which were analyzed. Conclusion. The main conclusion drawn from the results of our work is that the accuracy of reproduction of certain properties of the original object while making a 3D model should be based not only on the search for analogues, but also take into account the cultural landscape surrounding the object in the studied period of time.

scholarly journals Predicting wildfire impacts on the prehistoric archaeological record of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, USA

Fire Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Friggens ◽  
Rachel A. Loehman ◽  
Connie I. Constan ◽  
Rebekah R. Kneifel
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Jemez Mountains ◽  
Archaeological Materials

Abstract Background Wildfires of uncharacteristic severity, a consequence of climate changes and accumulated fuels, can cause amplified or novel impacts to archaeological resources. The archaeological record includes physical features associated with human activity; these exist within ecological landscapes and provide a unique long-term perspective on human–environment interactions. The potential for fire-caused damage to archaeological materials is of major concern because these resources are irreplaceable and non-renewable, have social or religious significance for living peoples, and are protected by an extensive body of legislation. Although previous studies have modeled ecological burn severity as a function of environmental setting and climate, the fidelity of these variables as predictors of archaeological fire effects has not been evaluated. This study, focused on prehistoric archaeological sites in a fire-prone and archaeologically rich landscape in the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico, USA, identified the environmental and climate variables that best predict observed fire severity and fire effects to archaeological features and artifacts. Results Machine learning models (Random Forest) indicate that topography and variables related to pre-fire weather and fuel condition are important predictors of fire effects and severity at archaeological sites. Fire effects were more likely to be present when fire-season weather was warmer and drier than average and within sites located in sloped, treed settings. Topographic predictors were highly important for distinguishing unburned, moderate, and high site burn severity as classified in post-fire archaeological assessments. High-severity impacts were more likely at archaeological sites with southern orientation or on warmer, steeper, slopes with less accumulated surface moisture, likely associated with lower fuel moistures and high potential for spreading fire. Conclusions Models for predicting where and when fires may negatively affect the archaeological record can be used to prioritize fuel treatments, inform fire management plans, and guide post-fire rehabilitation efforts, thus aiding in cultural resource preservation.

scholarly journals FORT 4 OF THE MOUNTAIN WALL “DAGH BARY”

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-223
Author(s):  
Murtazali S. Gadzhiev ◽  
Marat A. Bakushev
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Ceramic Ware ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Written Sources

The article focuses on the results of the archeological study, conducted on the ruins of the Fort 4, located in the territory of the medieval settlement Pirmeshki. The work was carried out in the context of the research of the fortification system Dag-bary, which had been a part of the Derbent defensive complex, erected during the reign of shahanshah Khosrov II Anushirvan (531-579) in the late 560s’. Judging by the remains of the walls, the fort had the internal dimensions of around 13,9 by 22,5 m with a wall thickness of 2 m. These parameters are very similar to the fort dimensions of the Mountain wall, which have better preserved. The revealed remains of the walls have the same constructive features as other fortifications of the Derbent defensive complex – double-shelled masonry of slabs of the same type, laid on wide and narrow sides without mortar, with backfilling of lime mortar. The complex of ceramic ware, presented in the cultural layers of the dig, belongs to the X – early XIII c. It can be assumed that the settlement and the forts in it ceased to exist in the period of the Mongol invasion to Dagestan, namely during the campaign of Jebe and Subutai in 1222, following the campaign of Bukdai in 1239. The data from written sources, and, mainly, Adam Olearius’ information, who visited Derbent in 1638, testifies to the destruction of numerous strongholds of the Mountain wall by the XVII c.

Between Isolation and Assimilation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Nick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
At Home

The chapter introduces key debates related to the role of the diaspora in their home economies, particularly the role that they can play as returnee entrepreneurs. With increased movements of people around the world, the role of transnational economic activity is becoming ever more significant. The chapter shows that the diaspora can be caught between isolation and assimilation. They can be isolated because of their years living abroad, as well as their negative perceptions of the institutional environment at home. Yet many of them also wish to become more assimilated and have an emotional desire to help their home country. Many stay away and do not invest. Those who return later can seek to avoid the negative impact of barriers to entrepreneurship, and can for example avoid government engagement activities as they mistrust policy actors’ intentions. The chapter sets out the implications of these different types of engagement for homeland economies.

Organic Matter of Cultural Layers as a Material for Radiocarbon Dating

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1931-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Zazovskaya ◽  
V Shishkov ◽  
A Dolgikh ◽  
A Alexndrovskiy ◽  
V Skripkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Physical Stabilization

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on radiocarbon (14C) dating of the organic matter (OM) of natural-anthropogenic objects—the cultural layers (CLs) of archaeological sites. Using examples from three ancient sites located within the European part of Russia, in southern taiga and forest-steppe natural zones, we demonstrate approaches to the interpretation of 14C dating of OM derived from the organomineral material of the CLs studied. We use the term “archaeological humus” as defined as the OM formed within the CL from “anthropogenic matter” (i.e., organic residues that were produced during the past human occupation of the site) without or with negligible contribution of OM inherited from pre-anthropogenic stages of pedogenesis. The archaeological humus is formed within closed or semi-closed systems by the processes of humification and physical stabilization of OM. The use of hierarchical (from macro- to submicro-) morphological investigations at one of the sites (Gnezdovo) combined with 14C dating allowed conclusions to be drawn about the age of formation of different OM components in CLs.

scholarly journals Hittite Geographers: Geographical Perceptions and Practices in Hittite Anatolia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
N. İlgi Gerçek
Keyword(s):  
Historical Geography ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Geographical Knowledge ◽  
Geographical Data ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Written Sources

AbstractHittite archives are remarkably rich in geographical data. A diverse array of documents has yielded, aside from thousands of geographical names (of towns, territories, mountains, and rivers), detailed descriptions of the Hittite state’s frontiers and depictions of landscape and topography. Historical geography has, as a result, occupied a central place in Hittitological research since the beginnings of the field. The primary aim of scholarship in this area has been to locate (precisely) or localize (approximately) regions, towns, and other geographical features, matching Hittite geographical names with archaeological sites, unexcavated mounds, and—whenever possible—with geographical names from the classical period. At the same time, comparatively little work has been done on geographical thinking in Hittite Anatolia: how and for what purpose(s) was geographical information collected, organized, and presented? How did those who produce the texts imagine their world and their homeland, “the Land of Hatti?” How did they characterize other lands and peoples they came into contact with? Concentrating on these questions, the present paper aims to extract from Hittite written sources their writers’ geographical conceptions and practices. It is argued that the acquisition and management of geographical information was an essential component of the Hittite Empire’s administrative infrastructure and that geographical knowledge was central to the creation of a Hittite homeland.

Impact of wildfire on granite outcrops in archaeological sites surrounded by different types of vegetation

2020 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 141143
Author(s):  
J.S. Pozo-Antonio ◽  
P. Sanmartín ◽  
M. Serrano ◽  
J.M. De la Rosa ◽  
A.Z. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Granite Outcrops ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Potential of the Radiocarbon Method for Dating Known Historical Events: The Case of Yaroslavl, Russia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 615-624
Author(s):  
A V Engovatova ◽  
G I Zaitseva ◽  
M V Dobrovolskaya ◽  
N D Burova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Methodological Question ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The City

We address here the methodological question of potentially using the radiocarbon method for dating historical events. The archaeological investigations in Yaroslavl (central Russia) provide an example. The Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IARAS) has been conducting excavations at the site for many years, and many archaeological complexes dating to different times have come to light. The most interesting of these are connected with the founding of the city by Prince Yaroslav the Wise in AD 1010 (the first fortifications) and with the devastation of the city by the Tatar Mongols in 1238 (evidenced by sanitary mass burials of Yaroslavl's inhabitants). We have conducted a certain experiment, a “reverse” investigation of the chronology of the events. The dates of the events are known from chronicles, archaeological materials, and dendrochronological data for several assemblages. We have taken a large series of 14C samples from the same assemblages, dated them in 2 different laboratories, and compared the data. The accuracy of the 14C dates proved to be compatible with dates found via the archaeological material. The article shows the potential for 14C dating of archaeological assemblages connected with known historical events. The results of the research conducted by the authors serve as an additional argument for the broader use of the 14C dating method in studies of archaeological sites related to the Middle Ages in Russia.

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