scholarly journals HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination (S&D) among Healthcare Workers (HCW) in Government Healthcare Facilities in Malaysia: Is It Real?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Zailatul Hani Mohamad Yadzir ◽  
Mazliza Ramly ◽  
Anita Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Good Care ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
Living With Hiv

Stigma and discrimination (S&D) undermine quality of life of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their access to health services. In this context, an understanding of current stigmatizing attitudes among HCW towards PLHIV from the perspective of Malaysia healthcare setting is crucial to plan for service delivery improvement that is non-stigmatizing and non-discriminatory. The objective of this study was to examine and measure the level of S&D towards PLHIV among HCW in selected government facilities. A cross-sectional study was undertaken from July to August 2020 in five government hospitals and six government health clinics in Malaysia. Two sets of a validated self-administered questionnaires, one for HCW and another one for PLHIV were used to assess HIV-related S&D. This survey was conducted via web-based platform. Overall, 3880 HCW and 1173 PLHIV participated in this study. This study found significant proportion of HCW were having stigmatizing attitudes towards PLHIV. This includes fear of taking blood from PLHIV (87%) and double gloving when attending PLHIV (64%) probably due to fear of contracting HIV. In addition, 45% of HCW agreed that women living with HIV (WLHIV) should be prohibited from having children. Although HCW have fears for contracting HIV, their consciences and integrity allowed them to display some positive attitudes towards PLHIV with the majority of HCW 84% and 79% stated that they having observed others in their facility expressed willingness to care and providing good care to PLHIV. On PLHIV experience, only 12% of them reported that they had ever experienced stigma when accessing health services. The findings of this study shared a worrying magnitude of stigma towards PLHIV among HCW in Malaysia. Nevertheless, ethics and professionalism are upheld through giving good care and services to PLHIV. However, stigma reduction intervention programmes are still needed for HCW to ensure continuous excellent service delivery.

scholarly journals PREDIKTOR SIKAP STIGMA DAN DISKRIMINASI TERHADAP ORANG DENGAN HIV DAN AIDS (ODHA) DI KABUPATEN JEMBER

IKESMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni�mal Baroya
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Living With Hiv

Globally, the HIV and AIDS epidemic shows stable conditions, but statistically there is still an increase in new infections in some areas including Jember District. The main barriers to HIV prevention are stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV. This study aims to analyze the predictors of stigma and discrimination attitude toward PLHIV in Jember District. This was an observational study used cross sectional design. Research subjects were people aged 15-24 years amounted to 247 respondents. Determination of the sample using a multistage sampling technique, ie the determination of simple random cluster of villages and then determine the respondents of each cluster randomly systematic. Data were collected using structured interview technique with questionnaire then analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression with 5% significance level. The results showed the majority of respondents (81.4%) stated not willing to buy food if the seller knew HIV +. Fifty percent more they disagree if female teachers who are HIV + keep teaching. Similarly, children with HIV + cannot be admitted to school with HIV negative children. The distribution of stigma and discrimination attitudes toward people living with HIV significantly differed by age, sex, education level, marital status and occupational status. The level of knowledge and residence does not differ significantly. A significant factor to be a predictor of stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV is age and gender. Younger age (15-19 years) and women have a greater likelihood of being stigmatized and discriminating against people living with HIV. Dissemination of information about HIV and AIDS in adolescents aged 15-19 years is still needed to increase knowledge and accelerate the acceptance of PLHIV so that stigma and discrimination attitude toward PLWHA can be reduced. Keywords: attitude, stigma, discrimination people suffering with HIV and AIDS.

STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION AGANIST PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN KHANH HOA PROVINCE IN 2013

2014 ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Xuan Huy Le ◽  
Phuoc Thuoc Doan ◽  
Dinh Son Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
The Status ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: The objectives of the study are to describe the status and influence, and the harms of stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS in Khanh Hoa. Methodology: Cross-sectional study using the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, with 200 people living with HIV/AIDS, aged 16 and older. Results: 4.5% of people living with HIV/AIDS reported their rights have been violated, 3% of people living with HIV/AIDS outcasts, shunned and 8% were refused to participate in community activities. The harmful effect of stigma and discrimination are both of physical and spiritual: the HIV-infected people intend to suicidal accounted for 10% and 72.5% of people did not accessing Voluntary Counselling and Testing room (VCT) for fear of being stigmatized; 16.7% people did not access Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) due to fear of stigma. Conclusion: Status of stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS in Khanh Hoa has declined through effective intervention strategies in the long term, however, this situation still exists. Keywords: Stigma and Discrimination, HIV/AIDS, Khanh Hoa.

scholarly journals Stigma and discrimination among health care providers towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman Elamin ◽  
Yahiya Rajaa ◽  
Hamed Ademola Adetunji ◽  
Sufian Khalid ◽  
Remah Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Living With Hiv

Stigma and discrimination among medical care providers (MCPs) towards HIV patients is a common observed problem that can compromise effectiveness of prevention and treatment efforts by discouraging individuals from being tested or seeking information on how to protect themselves and others. This research aimed to determine the existence of stigma and discrimination among health care providers towards people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in River Nile state. A descriptive cross sectional hospital based study conducted in Atbara, Edamer and Berber hospitals. Questionnaire containing six parts covering the personal data, knowledge about HIV, attitude, availability of PPDs and discriminatory practices of MCPs was used. The data was analyzed using the SPSS. Three hundred and nighty participated consisting of 136 doctors, 219 nurses, and 35 midwives. Out of these, 68.2% of participants had overall satisfactory knowledge, 30% had good knowledge, while only 1.8% had poor knowledge. Majority (74.4%) stated that MCPs were discriminatory in their practices towards HIV patients. There wa correlation between common discriminatory practices and total attitude, and availability of PPDs (p<0.05). No correlation between the common discriminatory practices and total knowledge scores.

scholarly journals Stigmatization and Discrimination toward People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Coastal City of South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithin Kumar ◽  
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽  
Rekha Thapar ◽  
Prasanna Mithra ◽  
Vaman Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The HIV/AIDS scenario all over the world is complicated by the stigmatic and discriminative attitudes toward the HIV-infected individuals. Methodology: In this facility-based, cross-sectional study, 104 HIV-positive patients were assessed regarding their personal experience with HIV-related stigma and discrimination using a Revised HIV Stigma Scale. The association between stigma and factors such as socioeconomic status and gender was tested using chi-square test, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A large proportion (41.3%) of the participants were in the age-group of 26 to 35 years. Confidentiality of the HIV positivity status was maintained only in 14.4% of the participants. Compared to females (48.2%), more than half (51.5%) of the male participants had experienced HIV/AIDS-related personalized stigma ( P > .05). Conclusion: HIV-related stigma and discrimination are the major social determinants driving the epidemic, despite the advances in medical treatment and increases in the awareness about the disease.

Abstract P326: Multilevel Analysis Of Concentrated Neighborhood Disadvantage And Cardiometabolic Factors In People Living With Hiv

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekeda F Ferguson ◽  
Katherine Theal ◽  
David Welsh ◽  
Patricia E Molina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Concentrated Disadvantage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Aging persons living with HIV (PLWH) are a vulnerable population at higher risk for chronic illnesses such as metabolic alterations, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Community and specifically, neighborhood, factors may play a key role in the development of comorbidities. Availability of healthy food stores, physical activity resources, walking/physical activity environment, and neighborhood socioeconomic status have all been individually associated with a higher odds of having ideal cardiovascular health scores. We hypothesized that exposure concentrated disadvantage at the community level impact cardio metabolic outcomes in PLWH. We examined this hypothesis in a cross-sectional analysis of the N ew O rleans A lcohol use in H IV [NOAH] Study of adult PLWH under care (n=365). Hypertension (HTN) was defined as a mean systolic ≥130-139 or diastolic blood pressure ≥80-89 mmHg. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined as having 3 of 5 conditions: HTN, low high-density lipoproteins (≤40 (men)/50 (women)), high triglycerides (≥ 150mg/dl), high glucose (≥100 mg/dl), waist circumference >88(women)/102(men). Multivariable logistic regression and multilevel binomial regression analyses were performed adjusting for age, race, smoking, and viral load. The majority of participants were African American (83.6%) with a mean age 48.2 ±10.4, 68.8% male and 31.2% female. MS was prevalent in 36.1%, HTN 66.0%, diabetes 14%, dyslipidemia 28.2%, and 27.4% were obese. There was substantial clustering of cardiometabolic outcomes by neighborhood, with intra-class correlations (ICC) near or greater than 20% for BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Neighborhood concentrated disadvantage explained a significant proportion of the variance in diabetes (ICC drop from 18% to 8%) and the likelihood of having diabetes increases by 33% for each unit increase in neighborhood concentrated disadvantage (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% CI=1.02, 1.74). Our results suggest a significant role of environmental factors on cardio metabolic comorbidities among PLWH. There is a critical need for a deeper understanding of the roles that social determinants at the community and interpersonal levels play in chronic comorbidities in PLWH. Neighborhoods and social spaces are important contexts through which social determinants act to shape health and health behavior. (Supported by: NIH P60AA009803)

scholarly journals Factors that Influence Satisfaction of People Living with HIV(PLHIV) with Differentiated ART Delivery Models in East Central Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Baleeta ◽  
Augustin Muhwezi ◽  
Nathan Tumwesigye ◽  
Betty Nsangi Kintu ◽  
Sara Riese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
East Central ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Delivery Models ◽  
Art Delivery

Abstract Background The World Health Organization and Uganda Ministry of Health recommend differentiated service delivery models (DSDM) as patient-focussed approaches for delivering antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) who have undetectable viral loads. We sought to determine the factors significantly associated with patient satisfaction with ART services amongst PLHIV enrolled in DSDMs. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of a random sample of PLHIVs accessing ART within DSDMs at nine facilities in East Central Uganda. Eligible patients were adult PLHIVs active on ART and enrolled in a DSDM (Community Client Led ART Delivery (CCLAD), Community Drug Distribution Points (CDDP) and Fast-Track Drug Refill (FTDR) models) for at-least twelve months. Data was collected over two months (June-July 2019). A validated tool was used to assess PLHIV satisfaction with service delivery in DSD. Logistic regression was used to establish factors associated with patient satisfaction with DSD services. Results Overall out of the 842 participants enrolled onto the study, 530(63.5%) accessed HIV care through CDDPs, 166(20.1%) through CCLAD, and 146 (16.3%) through FTDR DSDMs. Generally, 541 (64.2%) were satisfied with DSDM services : 78.7% in CDDP, 42.8% in CCLAD and 36.3% in CCLAD. The factors associated with patient satisfaction were being on CDDP [aOR = 3.42, 95% CI = 2.15–5.44] and FTDR[aOR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.34–6.31] DSDMs relative to CCLAD, greater than three years on DSDM [aOR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.12–4.87], lower transport costs (< $ 1.35) per clinic visit [aOR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.59–3.60] being employed either in agriculture[aOR = 4.41, 95% CI = 2.62–7.41] or any other employment sector [aOR = 4.22, 95% CI = 2.46–7.27]relative to being unemployed, participation of a friend/relative [aOR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.22–2.61] and not drinking alcohol [aOR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.24–4.29]. Conclusions The study highlighted that 64.2% of the patients are satisfied with services in DSDM. Service delivery factors (DSDM model type, time spent in DSDM, and having friend or relative enrolled at the ART point providing social support), social factors (employment, and alcohol consumption), and transport costs were all associated with patient satisfaction with DSDM. Implementers of DSDMs need to further adapt services to address these factors to improve patient satisfaction in DSDMs.

Prevalence of COVID-19-like Symptoms among People Living with HIV, and Using Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
Maryam Ghadimi ◽  
Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi ◽  
Mehrnaz Rasoolinejad ◽  
Ladan Abbasian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: COVID-19 has spread globally with remarkable speed, and currently, there is limited data available exploring any aspect of the intersection between HIV and SARSCoV- 2 co-infection. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Tehran, Iran. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 200 PLWH were recruited through the positive club via sampling, and completed the symptom-based questionnaire for COVID-19, which was delivered by trained peers. Results: Of 200 participants, respiratory symptoms, including cough, sputum, and shortness of breath, were the most prevalent among participants, but only one person developed symptoms collectively suggested COVID-19 and sought treatments. Conclusions: It appears that existing infection with HIV or receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) might reduce the susceptibility to the infection with SARS-CoV-2 or decrease the severity of the infection acquired. Further research is needed to understand causal mechanisms.

Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-patients in Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Daniel Vargas-Pacherrez ◽  
Helma P. Cotrim ◽  
Leonardo Pires ◽  
Vitor Cunha ◽  
Vitor Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV/AIDS varies from 20% to 33%. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in a group of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with HIV-infected patients from a reference center in Bahia, Brazil. We evaluated clinical, socio-demographic and anthropometric data. MS was defined according to the guidelines of International Diabetes Federation. Results: We evaluated 152 patients with mean age of 47.3±11.6 years, 59.2% male. The main comorbidities detected were diabetes (3.3%) hypertriglyceridemia (9.3%) and metabolic syndrome (MS,38.2%). Patients with MS were predominantly women (55.2% vs 31.9%; p=0.005), older [52.1 (10.4) vs 44.3 (11.3); p<0.001], and had overweight (74.1% vs 23.4%; p<0.001). After multivariate analysis MS remained associated with age (OR = 1.076; 95% CI: 1.030 – 1.125), female sex (OR = 2.452; 95% CI: 1.114 – 5.374) and family history of hypertension (OR = 3.678; 95% CI: 1.431 – 9.395). Conclusion: Almost half of the HIV-infected patients in Bahia presents with MS which seems to be driven by classical risk factors.

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