scholarly journals The Micro-Costing Approach to Foster the Effectiveness of Decision-Making Processes in the Healthcare System–Some Empirical Evidence from the Piedmont Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Tradori ◽  
Paola De Bernardi ◽  
Valerio Brescia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Clinical Governance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Treatment Pathway ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Piedmont Region

The study aims to highlight the usefulness of micro accounting approach as tool of clinical governance starting from the data provided by the computerization of services and medical records. The case study takes into account data collected over two years between three departments of the same hospital for the management of patients with acute gastric ulcer with bleeding and variations and acute duodenal ulcer with bleeding and variations. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA V.14.2 (Stata Corp, College Station, Texas, USA, 2013) and p value <0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. The analysis of economic and comorbidity data provides useful insights to guide the choice of the treatment pathway between departments, and provides useful indications for the redefinition of guidelines towards a rationalization of healthcare expenditure.

The Heterogeneous Nature of Urban Poor Families

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Salcedo ◽  
Alejandra Rasse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Different Cultures

This paper addresses the scholarly debate on cultural homogeneity or heterogeneity of urban poor families. While authors such as Lewis (1959) or Wacquant (2000 ; 2001) claim that structural disadvantages are linked to a particular type of identity or culture, others such as Hannerz (1969) , Anderson (1999 ; 2002) , or Portes ( Portes and Manning, 1986 ; Portes and Jensen, 1989 ) believe that it is possible to find different behaviors, expectations, decision–making processes, and outcomes among people living in seemingly identical structural conditions ( Small et al., 2010 ). Using Santiago, Chile, as a case study, we differentiate five different cultures or identities among the poor. Those identities seem to be the product of different historical and political circumstances, as well as of different types of public policies. The paper ends with a discussion of the need for poverty reduction policies to consider these differences among the poor.

scholarly journals Attitudes and decision-making processes of Midwakh smoking among adult males in UAE

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S233-S233
Author(s):  
Hamid Alhaj ◽  
Rahaf Abughosh ◽  
Batool Aldaher ◽  
Asma Elhewairis ◽  
Ahmed Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
P Value ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Decision Making Processes

AimsMidwakh, which involves smoking an Arabian tobacco blend typically mixed with herbs and spices, has recently become a major health concern due to a spreading popularity among adolescents and young adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is known to contain a higher nicotine content than cigarettes, potentially increasing the risk of addiction, despite contrary popular belief among young smokers. Yet, little is known about attitudes and decision-making processes involving this emerging smoking behaviour. The aim of this study was to ascertain the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Midwakh use among adult males in the UAE.MethodA cross sectional study was conducted among male adults in Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah. A total of 500 participants completed self-administered validated questionnaires, which consisted of 30 questions that targeted the public's understanding, perception and use of Midwakh. Data were analysed using SPSS 23. Percentages and means were calculated for demographic data and Chi-Square was utilised to measure relations between categorical variables. Odds Ratio (OR) was used to estimate how strongly a predictor was associated to an outcome. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultThe prevalence of smoking Midwakh was 34.8% among the study sample. Males between ages 26 to 35 were found to be 4.48 times (95% CI: 1.59–12.66) more likely to be current Midwakh smokers than any other age groups (P = 0.01). Emiratis in the study were 5.92 times (95% CI: 2.83–12.35) more likely to smoke Midwakh than expats. 65% of respondents reported willingness to smoke Midwakh if it was offered to them. Adults with 3-4 close friends who smoke Midwakh were 6.8 times (95% CI: 2.08–22.41) more likely to smoke Midwakh themselves. Knowledge of being unsafe was cited in 62% of the participants as a cause of quitting Midwakh within two years.ConclusionOur results demonstrate a significant impact of peer pressure on the decision-making process of Midwakh smoking. The high prevalence among young male residents warrants a multi-agency public health approach to tackle the issue. Culturally sensitive campaigns raising awareness to the harmful effect of Midwakh including its addictiveness appear to be essential. Further research investigating the effects of a targeted Midwakh-smoking cessation approaches is warranted.

Conquery: an Open Source Application to analyze High Content Healthcare Data (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Kovacs ◽  
Max Thonagel ◽  
Marion Ludwig ◽  
Alexander Albrecht ◽  
Manuel Hegner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Analytical Approaches

BACKGROUND Big data in healthcare must be exploited to achieve a substantial increase in efficiency and competitiveness. Especially the analysis of patient-related data possesses huge potential to improve decision-making processes. However, most analytical approaches used today are highly time- and resource-consuming. OBJECTIVE The presented software solution Conquery is an open-source software tool providing advanced, but intuitive data analysis without the need for specialized statistical training. Conquery aims to simplify big data analysis for novice database users in the medical sector. METHODS Conquery is a document-oriented distributed timeseries database and analysis platform. Its main application is the analysis of per-person medical records by non-technical medical professionals. Complex analyses are realized in the Conquery frontend by dragging tree nodes into the query editor. Queries are evaluated by a bespoke distributed query-engine for medical records in a column-oriented fashion. We present a custom compression scheme to facilitate low response times that uses online calculated as well as precomputed metadata and data statistics. RESULTS Conquery allows for easy navigation through the hierarchy and enables complex study cohort construction whilst reducing the demand on time and resources. The UI of Conquery and a query output is exemplified by the construction of a relevant clinical cohort. CONCLUSIONS Conquery is an efficient and intuitive open-source software for performant and secure data analysis and aims at supporting decision-making processes in the healthcare sector.

‘Stepping on the heads of our Gods'

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Yangji Doma Sherpa ◽  
A. John Sinclair ◽  
Thomas Henley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mountain Environments ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The Himalayan region of India is experiencing rapid development in tourism, agriculture, highway construction and hydroelectric dam construction. This research considered the role of the public both within and outside of development decision-making processes in these high mountain environments using the proposed Himalayan Ski Village (HSV) in Manali as a case study. The qualitative data revealed that there has been an extensive array of public participation activity related to the HSV project over approximately 10 years. Very little of this activity has evolved, however, through the formal decision-making process. Rather, most participation activities, such as general house meetings, objection letters, public rallies, court cases against the proposed project, and a religious congregation were instigated by the public to protest the proposed development. The findings also show that involvement in the participatory activities undertaken by the public and project proponent fostered instrumental and communicative learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Club Diplomacy in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-326
Author(s):  
Danita Catherine Burke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Politics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Club Membership ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Illustrative Case Study

Abstract The Arctic Council is frequently called a unique forum but, as this article argues, clubs are common in international politics and in many respects the Arctic Council is a club. This article explores the questions: Why are the Arctic states acting like a club in Arctic politics, and how do internal hierarchies influence how clubs make decisions? As the article illustrates, clubs are the stage for club diplomacy and, in club diplomacy, hierarchies play an important role. Using the Arctic Council as an illustrative case study, this article argues that clubs have internal hierarchies that inform their decision-making processes and their responses to challenges to their status. When clubs try to deal with subjects that extend beyond the boundaries of the sovereignty of club members and the parameters of club membership, club members may suffer from a lack of status and legitimacy to unilaterally deal with the subject.

How Groupware Systems Can Change How an Organisation Makes Decisions

2011 ◽  
pp. 426-433
Author(s):  
Frédéric Adam ◽  
Jean-Charles Pomerol ◽  
Patrick Brézillon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Impact

In this article, a newspaper company which has implemented a computerised editorial system is studied in an attempt to understand the impact that groupware systems can have on the decision making processes of an organisation. First, the case study protocol is presented, and the findings of the case are described in detail. Conclusions are then presented which pertain both to this case and to the implementation of decision support systems that have a groupware dimension.

Business Intelligence System Design and its Consequences for Knowledge Sharing, Collaboration, and Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
pp. 382-402
Author(s):  
Lapo Mola ◽  
Cecilia Rossignoli ◽  
Andrea Carugati ◽  
Antonio Giangreco
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Business Intelligence Systems ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This exploratory study analyses the effects of the technical and organisational characteristics of business intelligence systems (BIS) on knowledge sharing, collaboration, and decision-making processes. The authors conducted a two-phase multi-method investigation. First, we surveyed 30 enterprises using BIS on a regular basis; then, we engaged in an in-depth case study with one of the respondent companies. Our results show that, on average, the technical and organisational characteristics of the BIS are positively associated with an increase in knowledge sharing, leading to an improvement in internal collaboration that subsequently brings improvement in the quality of decision-making. This case study adds that the way the BIS is designed and appropriated in organisations is important in obtaining such results is. A BIS being designed so that it can be appropriated by the general employee base is key in obtaining the desired organizational impacts. This suggests some requirements for BIS design that we will discuss in terms of theoretical and managerial implications.

scholarly journals Decision trees in environmental justice research — a case study on the floods of 2001 and 2010 in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1025-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyula Nagy ◽  
György Vida ◽  
Lajos Boros ◽  
Danijela Ćirić
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Decision Tree Method ◽  
Tree Method

Abstract Environmental justice is a normative framework for the analysis of environmental impacts on the wellbeing of individuals and social groups. According to the framework, the deprived social groups and ethnic minorities are often more exposed to environmental risks and hazards due to their disadvantaged situation, and due to the lack of representation and political power. To manage the impacts of injustices and to include the citizen in the decision-making processes, proper information is needed on local attitudes and decision-making processes. Therefore, this study sought to (i) identify the main factors shaping the attitudes towards environmental injustices and (ii) to analyse the attitudes and perception of the various social groups and (iii) to identify the main factors which are shaping the attitudes and actions of those who were affected by the floods of 2001 and 2010 through the use of decision tree method. The data for the predictive model was acquired from a questionnaire survey conducted in two disadvantaged and flood-hit Hungarian regions. Based on the survey data, a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted, which resulted in three principal components; fear, social change, and change in the built environment. The study focused only on the elements of the “fear principal component”, due to the decision tree tool homogenous groups identified in relation to this component. Our analysis showed that ethnicity has a determinative role in the emergence and the level of fear from floods; the Roma respondents expressed a significantly higher level of fear than others.

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